Effect of Ceramsite Mulching on Soil Water Content and Temperature

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3177 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 3177-3180

Author(s):

Xue Hong Tan

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Hebei Province ◽

Heating Effect ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Better Than

This study investigated the effects of ceramsite mulching on soil water content and temperature in the central isolation belt of an expressway in Hebei province, China. Ceramsite mulching effectively improved the soil water content, and reduced the disparity between different soil layers in different months. The order of soil water content at different soil depths or in different months was: two layers of mulching (M2) > one layer of mulching (M1) > bare soil (MD). The effect of ceramsite mulching on soil water content decreased with soil depth. The effect of ceramsite mulching on soil temperature decreased with soil depth from 0cm to 15cm. ceramsite mulching had a cooling effect above 5cm,but had a heating effect at 15cm.M2 balanced soil temperature better than M1.

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SURFACE RESIDUES: EFFECTS ON SOIL MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE1

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252021v34n416rc ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 887-894

Author(s):

GUSTAVO HADDAD SOUZA VIEIRA ◽

ARILDO SEBASTIÃO SILVA ◽

ARUN DILIPKUMAR JANI ◽

LUSINERIO PREZOTTI ◽

PAOLA ALFONSA VIEIRA LO MONACO

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Disturbance ◽

Dry Season ◽

Depth Range ◽

Sunn Hemp

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine how crop residue placement and composition would affect soil water content and temperature during the dry season in the central region of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. A 19-week field study was conducted from April to August 2017. A 2 x 4 factorial study with four replications was implemented using a randomized complete block design. Factors were soil management [conventional tillage (CT) and no soil disturbance (ND)] and residue amendment [maize (Zea mays L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), a maize-sunn hemp mixture, and a no amendment control]. Soil water content and temperature were measured weekly at predetermined soil depth intervals. Soil water content was higher in ND plots amended with surface residues than under all other treatments in the 0 to 0.05 m depth range. All residue amendments in this range were equally effective in conserving soil water. Surface residues reduced soil temperature by up to 8.4 °C relative to the control in ND plots. Incorporating residue amendments by CT cancelled all temperature-moderating benefits provided by surface residues. These results indicate that surface residues from cereals, legumes, or cereal/legume mixtures are equally effective in conserving soil water and moderating soil temperature during the dry season. Additional research is needed to determine how improved soil environmental conditions, generated by surface residues, would affect nutrient acquisition and crop performance.

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Distribution of carbon and nutrients and fluxes of mineral nitrogen after clear-felling a Pinusradiata plantation

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x90-197 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 1490-1497 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

P. J. Smethurst ◽

E. K. S. Nambiar

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

N Mineralization ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Mineral N ◽

Southeastern Australia ◽

Nutrients Fluxes

The effects of clear-felling and slash removal on the distribution of organic matter and nutrients, fluxes of mineral N, and soil water and temperature were studied in a 37-year-old Pinusradiata D. Don plantation, on a sandy Podzol in southeastern Australia. Slash, litter, and the top 30 cm of soil combined contained 1957 kg N•ha−1, of which slash and litter contained 12 and 25%, respectively. Therefore, loss of slash and litter due to burning or other intensive site preparation practices would substantially reduce the N capital at the site. During the first 18 months after clear-felling, soil water content in the clear-felled area was up to 50% higher than in the uncut plantation, but there were only minor differences in soil temperature. Slash removal decreased the water content of litter, but had little effect on the water content or temperature of the soil. In the uncut plantation, N mineralized in litter and soil was completely taken up by the trees. Following clear-felling, rates of N mineralization increased in litter after 4 months, and in soil after 12 months, but changes were less pronounced with slash removal. After clear-felling, increased mineralization and the absence of trees (no uptake) led to increased concentrations of mineral N in both litter and soil, 64–76% of which was leached below the 30 cm soil depth prior to replanting. Despite leaching, concentrations of mineral N after clear-felling remained higher than those in the uncut plantation for at least 3 years.

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Influence of temperature on soil water content measured by ECH2O-TE sensors

International Agrophysics ◽

10.2478/v10247-012-0038-2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 259-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Kočárek ◽

R. Kodešová

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Influence Of Temperature ◽

Reference Soil ◽

Guideline Values ◽

Influence Of Temperature On

Influence of temperature on soil water content measured by ECH2O-TE sensorsThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of temperature on water content value measured by ECH2O-TE sensors. The influence of temperature on measured soil water content values was clearly demonstrated. Soil water content values measured during the day apparently oscillated with oscillating soil temperatures. Average daily temperature and soil water content were calculated for selected periods. Regression relationships between deviations of soil temperature and soil water content from their daily average values were evaluated. Correlation between the soil water content and temperature deviations increase with the soil depth due to the lower influence of rainfall and evaporation at the soil surface on measured soil water content values in deeper soil layersegsoil water content oscillation was controlled mostly by oscillating temperature. The guideline values of linear regression equations (R2>0.8) were very similar, close to value 0.002 and the intercept values were equal to zero. The equation for recalculation of measured soil water content values at given temperature to reference soil water content for reference soil temperature, was propozed on the basis of this analysis.

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Rye cover crop management impact on soil water content, soil temperature and soybean growth

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps94-089 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 485-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

C. Wagner-Riddle ◽

T. J. Gillespie ◽

C. J. Swanton

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Secale Cereale ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Growing Season ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Management Decision

The optimum killing time of a rye (Secale cereale) cover crop is an important management decision and can determine the yield of the subsequent soybean (Glyane max) crop The objective of this research was to study a rye cover/soybean system. Soybeans were grown on sandy (Delhi) and loam (Woodstock) soils (1989/1990) with mulch on the soil surface obtained by killing rye approximately 1 and 2 wk before soybean planting. A conventional tillage treatment was used as a control. Soil water content, soil temperature, rye mulch amount and soybean growth were monitored over the season. Rye mulch amount for the late killing (LK) date was always larger than for the ear y killing (EK) date. LK decreased soil water content at soybean planting time at Delhi in 1989. The rye mulch produced with the LK increased soil water content early in the soybean growing season in 1990. A substantial decrease in the amount of mulch was observed during the growing season and resulted in little difference between mulch and no mulch soil water and temperature conditions later in the season. Extreme temperatures were more frequent under the bare soil, but these were limited to a small percentage of hours, and did not translate into differences in soybean development rates. Reduced soybean growth observed early in the season in one out of four location-years vanished as the season progressed. Number of seeds per pod and nodule number were increased due to rye mulch, but no difference in soybean yields were observed among treatments. Key words: Rye (Secale cereale), cover crop, mulch, soybean (Glycine max)

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Freezing and thawing cycles affect nitrous oxide emissions in rain-fed lucerne (Medicago sativa) grasslands of different ages

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.12216 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e12216

Author(s):

Yuan Li ◽

Yuying Shen ◽

Tao Wang

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Denitrifying Bacteria ◽

Freezing And Thawing ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Freezing And Thawing Cycles

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is a major component of the crops used in dry-land farming systems in China and its management is associated with notable nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. A high proportion of these emissions is more likely to occur during periods when the soil undergoes freezing and thawing cycles. In this study, the effects of freeze/thaw cycles on N2O emissions and related factors were investigated in lucerne grasslands. The hypothesis was tested whether increased emissions resulted from a disruption of nitrification or denitrification caused by variations in soil temperatures and water contents. Three days (3 × 24 h) were chosen, where conditions represented freezing and thawing cycles. N2O emissions were measured for a fallow control (F) and two grasslands where lucerne had been cultivated for 4 and 11 years. Soil temperature, soil water content, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), and soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) contents were measured. Moreover, the quantities of soil nitrification and denitrification microbes were assessed. Variations in N2O emissions were strongly affected by freeze/thaw cycles, and emissions of 0.0287 ± 0.0009, 0.0230 ± 0.0019, and 0.3522 ± 0.0029 mg m−2 h−1 were found for fallow, 4-year-old, and 11-year-old grasslands, respectively. Pearson correlation analyses indicated that N2O emissions were significantly correlated with the soil water content, temperature, NH4+-N content, and the number of nitrosobacteria and denitrifying bacteria at a soil depth of 0–100 mm. The numbers of nitrosobacteria and denitrifying bacteria correlated significantly with soil temperature at this soil depth. MBN and soil NH4+-N contents correlated significantly with soil water content at this depth. Principal component analysis highlighted the positive effects of the number of denitrifying bacteria on N2O emissions during the freeze/thaw period. Furthermore, soil temperature and the number of nitrosobacteria at the tested soil depth (0−100 mm) also played a significant role. This shows that soil freeze/thaw cycles strongly impacted both N2O emissions and the diurnal range, and the number of denitrifying bacteria was mainly influenced by soil temperature and soil NH4+-N content. The number of denitrifying bacteria was the dominant variable affecting N2O emissions from lucerne grasslands during the assessed soil freeze/thaw period on the Loess Plateau, China.

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A bench-scale assessment of the effect of soil temperature on bare soil evaporation in winter

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2020.044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 1349-1357

Author(s):

Peigui Liu ◽

Yan Xia ◽

Manting Shang

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Water Movement ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Soil Evaporation ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Bare Soil Evaporation ◽

Soil Water Movement

Abstract To quantitatively evaluate in the laboratory the effect of soil temperature on bare soil evaporation, this study uses two indoor soil columns and homogenized sand as an example to carry out the experimental study of soil temperature on bare soil evaporation in winter. The results show that the soil temperature directly affects the change in bare soil evaporation and that the effect decreases as the soil temperature decreases. Because of the influence of soil temperature, the soil water movement accelerates, and the soil water content increases. At a depth of 50 cm, the average difference in soil water content between groups A and B was 7.61%. The soil evaporation when considering the soil temperature was obviously greater than that without considering the soil temperature. This shows that in a laboratory environment where the soil temperature is higher than the room temperature in winter, the effect of the soil temperature on bare soil evaporation is significant. Soil temperature directly affects soil water movement and distribution, which is one of the important influencing factors affecting bare soil evaporation.

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Comparison of conservation with conventional tillage for potato production in Atlantic Canada: crop productivity, soil physical properties and weed control

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s02-069 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 453-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M R Carter ◽

D. Holmstrom ◽

J B Sanderson ◽

J. Ivany ◽

R. DeHaan

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Potato Yield ◽

Tillage Practices

Conservation tillage (CT) for potato crop land has been increasing in Atlantic Canada, but producers are concerned that fields managed in this way may be wet, slow to warm in spring, have increased debris at harvest, exhibit higher soil compaction and result in reduced yield. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of four tillage practices on potato yield, soil properties and weed growth over a 3-yr period. The four tillage practices were: (1 ) conventional autumn mouldboard plowing followed by spring secondary tillage; (2) spring mouldboard plowing followed by secondary tillage; (3) autumn chisel plowing followed by spring secondary tillage; and (4) spring CT. Tillage practices significantly affected soil water content (at both the 0- to 15-cm and 15- to 30-cm soil depths) with CT generally showing a greater soil water content prior to spring tillage in comparison to the other treatments. Soil temperature (at the 2- to 5-cm soil depth) prior to spring tillage was not influenced by tillage differences. Conservation tillage increased soil compaction at the 10- to 30-cm soil depth, but not to a level considered detrimental to root growth. Tillage treatments had no effect on amount of soil clods and plant debris passing over the harvester. Potato yield (range of 43 to 51 Mg ha-1) and quality were not adversely influenced by tillage practices. There were few treatment effects on individual weed species or groupings of annual, perennial and total weeds. Overall, CT can be a viable management alternative to conventional tillage because this practice does not negatively affect field management, potato yield, or soil quality. Key words: Conservation tillage, residue management, potato, soil temperature, soil moisture, tillage methods

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Microbial CO2 production from surface and subsurface soil as affected by temperature, moisture, and nitrogen fertilisation

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr07144 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 273 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Xiaobin Jin ◽

Shenmin Wang ◽

Yinkang Zhou

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Sanjiang Plain ◽

Co2 Production ◽

The Sanjiang Plain ◽

Subsurface Soil ◽

C Mineralisation ◽

Q10 Values

The Sanjiang Plain of north-east China is presently the second largest freshwater marsh in China. The drainage and use of marshes for agricultural fields occurred in the past 50 years, resulting in the increase in cultivated land from about 2.9 × 108 m2 in 1893 to 4.57 × 1010 m2 in 1994. Under human disturbance in the past half century, the environment in Sanjiang Plain has had significant change. We hypothesised that environmental factors such as soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil N levels affect the rates of soil organic C mineralisation and the nature of the controls on microbial CO2 production to change with depth through the soil profile in the freshwater marsh in the Sanjiang Plain. In a series of experiments, we measured the influence of soil temperature, soil water content, and nitrogen additions on soil microbial CO2 production rates. The results showed that Q10 values (the factor by which the CO2 production rate increases when the temperature is increased by 10°C) significantly increased with soil depth through the soil profile (P < 0.05). The average Q10 values for the surface soils were 2.7 (0–0.2 m), significantly lower than that (average Q10 values 3.3) for the subsurface samples (0.2–0.6 m) (P < 0.05), indicating that C mineralisation rates were more sensitive to temperature in subsurface soil horizons than in surface horizons. The maximum respiration rate was measured at 60% water hold capacity for each sample. The quadratic equation function adequately describes the relationship between soil respiration and soil water content, and the R2 values were > 0.80. The sensitivity of microbial CO2 production rate response to soil water content for surface soils (0–0.2 m) was slightly lower than for subsurface soils (0.2–0.6 m). The responses of actual soil respiration rates to nitrogen fertilisation were different for surface and subsurface soils. In the surface soils (0–0.2 m), the addition of N caused a slight decreased in respiration rates compared with the control, whereas, in the subsurface soils (0.2–0.6 m), the addition of N tended to increase microbial CO2 production rates, and the addition of 10 µg N/g soil treatment caused twice the increase in C mineralisation rates of the control. Our results suggested that the responses of microbial CO2 production to changes in soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil N levels varied with soil depth through the profile, and subsurface soil organic C was more sensitive to temperature increase and nitrogen inputs in the freshwater marsh of the Sanjiang Plain.

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Effects of different biomass materials as a salt-isolation layer on water and salt migration in coastal saline soil

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11766 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11766

Author(s):

Mao Yang ◽

Runya Yang ◽

Yanni Li ◽

Yinghua Pan ◽

Junna Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Salt Concentration ◽

Saline Soil ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Thick Layer ◽

Peat Layer ◽

Salt Accumulation

The aim of this study was to find a material suited for the prevention of evaporative water loss and salt accumulation in coastal saline soils. One-dimensional vertical water infiltration and phreatic evaporation experiments were conducted using a silty loam saline soil. A 3-cm-thick layer of corn straw, biochar, and peat was buried at the soil depth of 20 cm, and a 6-cm-thick layer of peat was also buried at the same soil depth for comparison. The presence of the biochar layer increased the upper soil water content, but its ability to inhibit salt accumulation was poor, leading to a high salt concentration in the surface soil. The 3-cm-thick straw and 6-cm-thick peat layers were most effective to inhibit salt accumulation, which reduced the upper soil salt concentration by 96% and 93%, respectively. However, the straw layer strongly inhibited phreatic evaporation and resulted in low water content in the upper soil layer. Compared with the straw layer, the peat layer increased the upper soil water content. Thus, burying a 6-cm-thick peat layer in the coastal saline soil is the optimal strategy to retain water in the upper soil layer and intercept salt in the deeper soil layer.

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