The contribution of a temporary watertable to surface soil water content and the establishment of surface sown seeds

A temporary watertable was established in large undisturbed cores of a podzolic (duplex) soil in a glasshouse. The upward flow of water from the watertable to the soil surface through a 7 d drying cycle was assessed by measuring soil water content and matric potential, and the rate of evaporation from the soil surface (by weighing). Evaporation from the soil surface (Ea) closely followed evaporation from a free water surface (Eo), with little change in surface water potential or content until the watertable was depleted. This indicated that soil evaporation was balanced by the upward flux from the watertable, at rates up to 0.37 mm/h. Surface water potential was maintained above - 0.04 MPa for 7 d, and 12% of ryegrass seeds established themselves on the bare soil surface. When the A horizon was wet to field capacity but no watertable was established, Ea was much less than Eo especially in periods of high evaporation. Also, the soil surface dried to below - 0.04 MPa within the first day and no seeds germinated. It appears that sowing on sites with temporary watertables could assist germination and establishment after aerial sowing.

Download Full-text

Heat and Water Balances of the Ground Surface in China. (2) Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes from the Bare Soil Surface and the Soil Water Content.

JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY OF HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ◽

10.3178/jjshwr.10.205 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 205-212

Author(s):

Junsei KONDO ◽

Jianqing XU

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Latent Heat ◽

Ground Surface ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Heat Fluxes ◽

Water Balances

Download Full-text

Soil water potential during different phenological phases of coffee irrigated by center pivot

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/s0100-69162013000200006 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 269-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adão W. P. Evangelista ◽

Luiz A. Lima ◽

Antônio C. da Silva ◽

Carla de P. Martins ◽

Moisés S. Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Water Potential ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Soil Water Potential ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Center Pivot ◽

Phenological Phases

Irrigation management can be established, considering the soil water potential, as the limiting factor for plant growth, assuming the soil water content between the field capacity and the permanent wilting point as available water for crops. Thus, the aim of this study was to establish the soil water potential interval during four different phenological phases of coffee irrigated by center pivot. The experiment was set at the experimental area of the Engineering Department at the Federal University of Lavras, in Brazil. The coffee variety planted is designated as Rubi, planted 0.8 meters apart, with rows spaced 3.5 meters apart. The treatments corresponded to the water depths applied based on different percentages of Kc and reference evapotranspiration (ET0) values. Sensors were used to measure the soil water potential interval, installed 25 centimeters depth. In order to compare the results, it was considered as the best matric potential the one that was balanced with the soil water content that resulted in the largest coffee productivity. Based on the obtained results, we verified that in the phases of fruit expansion and ripening, the best results were obtained, before the irrigations, when the soil water potential values reached -35 and -38 kPa, respectively. And in the flowering, small green and fruit expansion phases, when the values reached -31 and -32 kPa, respectively.

Download Full-text

Retrieving parameters of bare soil surface roughness and soil water content under arid environment from ERS-1, -2 SAR data

International Journal of Remote Sensing ◽

10.1080/01431161.2013.793862 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (17) ◽

pp. 6202-6215 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Arthur Genis ◽

Leonid Vulfson ◽

Dan G. Blumberg ◽

Michael Sprinstin ◽

Alexey Kotlyar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Arid Environment ◽

Soil Surface Roughness ◽

Sar Data

Download Full-text

Temporal variability of soil water content under different surface conditions in the semiarid region of the Pernambuco state

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832010000500025 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 1733-1741 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Thais Emanuelle Monteiro dos Santos ◽

Demetrius David da Silva ◽

Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Surface Condition ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Surface Conditions ◽

Content Variation ◽

Contour Lines

Rainfall in the semiarid region of Pernambuco is characterized by irregular distribution in time and space, which significantly hinders the rainfed agriculture in the region. This work aims to evaluate the temporal profile of soil moisture in the semiarid region of the Pernambuco State (Brazil) and the effect of different soil surface conditions on soil water content variation and the yield of rainfed beans. To monitor soil water content, five plots 4.5 m wide by 11 m long were installed in a Yellow Argisol (Ultisol). The following treatments were adopted in the experimental plots: natural vegetation, bean intercropped with cactus, beans planted down the slope, beans planted along contour lines with mulch and rock barriers, and bare soil. In each plot, eight PVC access tubes were installed for monitoring the soil water content profile at depths of 0.20 and 0.40 m using a neutron probe device. The surface condition significantly influenced the soil water content variation, both in the dry and rainy seasons. The use of mulch, associated with rock barriers, provided higher soil water content levels than the other treatments and increased the rainfed beans production.

Download Full-text

Rye cover crop management impact on soil water content, soil temperature and soybean growth

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps94-089 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 485-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

C. Wagner-Riddle ◽

T. J. Gillespie ◽

C. J. Swanton

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Secale Cereale ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Growing Season ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Management Decision

The optimum killing time of a rye (Secale cereale) cover crop is an important management decision and can determine the yield of the subsequent soybean (Glyane max) crop The objective of this research was to study a rye cover/soybean system. Soybeans were grown on sandy (Delhi) and loam (Woodstock) soils (1989/1990) with mulch on the soil surface obtained by killing rye approximately 1 and 2 wk before soybean planting. A conventional tillage treatment was used as a control. Soil water content, soil temperature, rye mulch amount and soybean growth were monitored over the season. Rye mulch amount for the late killing (LK) date was always larger than for the ear y killing (EK) date. LK decreased soil water content at soybean planting time at Delhi in 1989. The rye mulch produced with the LK increased soil water content early in the soybean growing season in 1990. A substantial decrease in the amount of mulch was observed during the growing season and resulted in little difference between mulch and no mulch soil water and temperature conditions later in the season. Extreme temperatures were more frequent under the bare soil, but these were limited to a small percentage of hours, and did not translate into differences in soybean development rates. Reduced soybean growth observed early in the season in one out of four location-years vanished as the season progressed. Number of seeds per pod and nodule number were increased due to rye mulch, but no difference in soybean yields were observed among treatments. Key words: Rye (Secale cereale), cover crop, mulch, soybean (Glycine max)

Download Full-text

MITIGATION YIELD SCALED METHANE EMISSION FROM RICE GROWN IN WATER STRESS CONDITIONS WITH BIOCHAR AND SILICATE AMENDMENTS

International Journal of Big Data Mining for Global Warming ◽

10.1142/s2630534821500078 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

MUHAMMAD ASLAM ALI ◽

SANJIT CHANDRA BARMAN ◽

MD. ASHRAFUL ISLAM KHAN ◽

MD. BADIUZZAMAN KHAN ◽

HAFSA JAHAN HIYA

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Saturated Soil ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Standing Water ◽

Water Contents ◽

Soil Water Contents

Climate change and water scarcity may badly affect existing rice production system in Bangladesh. With a view to sustain rice productivity and mitigate yield scaled CH4 emission in the changing climatic conditions, a pot experiment was conducted under different soil water contents, biochar and silicate amendments with inorganic fertilization (NPKS). In this regard, 12 treatments combinations of biochar, silicate and NPKS fertilizer along with continuous standing water (CSW), soil saturation water content and field capacity (100% and 50%) moisture levels were arranged into rice planted potted soils. Gas samples were collected from rice planted pots through Closed Chamber technique and analyzed by Gas Chromatograph. This study revealed that seasonal CH4 emissions were suppressed through integrated biochar and silicate amendments with NPKS fertilizer (50–75% of the recommended doze), while increased rice yield significantly at different soil water contents. Biochar and silicate amendments with NPKS fertilizer (50% of the recommended doze) increased rice grain yield by 10.9%, 18.1%, 13.0% and 14.2%, while decreased seasonal CH4 emissions by 22.8%, 20.9%, 23.3% and 24.3% at continuous standing water level (CSW) (T9), at saturated soil water content (T10), at 100% field capacity soil water content (T11) and at 50% field capacity soil water content (T12), respectively. Soil porosity, soil redox status, SOC and free iron oxide contents were improved with biochar and silicate amendments. Furthermore, rice root oxidation activity (ROA) was found more dominant in water stress condition compared to flooded and saturated soil water contents, which ultimately reduced seasonal CH4 emissions as well as yield scaled CH4 emission. Conclusively, soil amendments with biochar and silicate fertilizer may be a rational practice to reduce the demand for inorganic fertilization and mitigate CH4 emissions during rice cultivation under water stress drought conditions.

Download Full-text