CHANGES WITH TIME IN FORM AND AVAILABILITY OF RESIDUAL FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS IN A CATENARY SEQUENCE OF CHERNOZEMIC SOILS

Granular monoammonium phosphate (500 μg P/g soil) was applied in the field to three soils of an Oxbow catena. Changes in P form during the ensuing 2½ yr were determined by total P and modified inorganic P fractionation analysis; an index of available P was obtained by NaHCO3 extraction. The original soils were very low in NH4Cl-soluble P and available P; inorganic P apparently existed as sparingly soluble minerals. After application, most of the fertilizer P remained in the Ap horizon. In the Calcareous and Orthic profiles after 2 mo, 52 and 67%, respectively, of applied P recovered as inorganic P remained in available forms, mainly as NH4Cl-P. Subsequently in the Calcareous profile, NH4Cl-P underwent conversion to NH4F-soluble forms, causing a further 70% reduction in P availability. In the Orthic profile, the only apparent change with time was a decline to 41% in P availability. Applied P transformation to H2SO4-P was minimal in both soils. In the Gleysol profile, only 31% of P in the inorganic reaction products, which consisted mainly of NH4F-P and NaOH-NaCl-P, remained as available P after 2 mo. However, no further reduction in P availability occurred with time. Results indicated that an appreciable portion of residual fertilizer P in Chernozemic soils may persist for years in readily available forms. Soil pH strongly influenced residual P form and availability.

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Speciation of P in Solid Organic Fertilisers from Digestate and Biowaste

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11112233 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2233

Author(s):

Inge C. Regelink ◽

Caleb E. Egene ◽

Filip M. G. Tack ◽

Erik Meers

Keyword(s):

Available P ◽

P Availability ◽

Agronomic Efficiency ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Mineral Particles ◽

Fe Content ◽

Processing Plants ◽

Poorly Soluble ◽

Organic Fertilisers ◽

Total P

Phosphorus (P) is a finite resource and its reuse in organic fertilisers made from biowaste and manure should therefore be encouraged. The composition of solid organic fertilisers (SOFs) depends on the type of feedstock and processing conditions, and this may affect P speciation and hence P availability. Phosphorus speciation was assessed in eighteen different SOFs produced from biowaste and digestate. Available P was determined in 10 mM CaCl2 extracts at a fixed pH of 5.5 and at a fixed total P concentration in the suspension. P was dominantly present as inorganic P (>80% of total P). There was a strong variation in the Fe content of the SOFs and hence in the fraction of P bound to reactive Fe/Al-oxides (PFe). The fraction of total P soluble at pH 5.5 correlated negatively with PFe pointing to fixation of P by metal salts added during processing, or by soil mineral particles in case garden waste was processed. Therefore, the use of iron salts in processing plants should be avoided. In addition, the presence of P in poorly soluble precipitates lowered the fraction of easily available P. Overall, this study shows that Pt alone is not a good indicator for the agronomic efficiency of SOFs due to large differences in P speciation among SOFs.

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Phosphorus forms in leaves and their relationships with must composition and yield in grapevines

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2017000500005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

pp. 319-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rogério Piccin ◽

Rafael da Rosa Couto ◽

Roque Júnior Sartori Bellinaso ◽

Luciano Colpo Gatiboni ◽

Lessandro De Conti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Available P ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

P Fractionation ◽

Cabernet Franc ◽

Phosphorus Forms ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

P Content ◽

Total P

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate phosphorus forms in grape leaves and their relationships with must composition and yield in grapevines grown in a Typic Hapludalf with different available P contents. Two experiments were carried out with Vitis viniferacultivars, one with 'Tannat' and the other with 'Cabernet Franc' grapes. Experiment 1 consisted of two vineyards of 'Tannat', with the following P content in the soil: V1, 11.8 mg kg-1 P; and V2, 34.6 mg kg-1 P. Experiment 2 consisted of two vineyards of 'Cabernet Franc', with the following P content in the soil: V1, 16.0 mg kg-1 P; and V2, 37.0 mg kg-1 P. Leaves were collected at flowering (FL) and veraison (V), and, after their preparation, P forms were evaluated. Yield and must composition were assessed. The highest yield was observed in V2 of experiment 1 and in V2 of experiment 2. Total P content and P forms in leaves at FL and V have no relationship with yield parameters; however, total P content in leaves has a relationship with anthocyanin content in the must of 'Tannat' grapevines. Therefore, P fractionation in leaves predicts neither grapevine yield nor must composition.

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Phosphorus fractionation in grasses with different resource-acquisition characteristics in natural grasslands of South America

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467419000166 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 203-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anderson Cesar Ramos Marques ◽

Rogério Piccin ◽

Tales Tiecher ◽

Leandro Bittencourt de Oliveira ◽

João Kaminski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Phosphorus Fractionation ◽

Paspalum Notatum ◽

Chemical Fractionation ◽

P Availability ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Nutrient Demand ◽

Natural Grasslands ◽

Low Phosphorus ◽

Total P

AbstractThe natural grasslands in South America have soils with low phosphorus (P) availability (1.0 to 7.5 mg kg−1), possibly altering the absorption and accumulation of P in grasses. We evaluated the chemical fractionation of P in the leaves of the most important grasses present in these grasslands to better understand the mechanisms involved in the storage of P. The grasses studied were Axonopus affinis and Paspalum notatum (fast tissue cycling and high nutrient demand) and Andropogon lateralis and Aristida laevis (slow tissue cycling and low nutrient demand). They were grown in pots filled with an Ultisol with two levels of P: control, and addition of 50 mg P kg–1. The main P fractions were the inorganic soluble (44%) and P in RNA (26%). Addition of P increased the total P concentration, following the order A. affinis (140%) > P. notatum (116%) > A. lateralis (81%) > A. laevis (21%). In conclusion, the species A. affinis and P. notatum responded to P fertilization with high variation and accumulating P in less-structural chemical forms, such as inorganic P. The species A. lateralis and A. laevis showed low variation in the concentration of P forms, with higher P concentrations in structural forms.

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Evaluation of phosphorus mobility in soil using different extraction methods

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/43/2009-pse ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 267-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. Kulhánek ◽

J. Balík ◽

J. Černý ◽

V. Vaněk

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

P Fractionation ◽

Aqua Regia ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Soil Solution P ◽

Total P ◽

Term Field

Soil samples (from Czech and German long-term field experiments) were used to estimate different soil phosphorus (P) fractions. More than 200 topsoil (0–30 cm) samples from different fertilizing treatments were taken. These were analyzed for P in soil solution (PCaCl2) [0.01M CaCl2 extract], exchangeable sorbed P (Pex) [anion exchange (AE) membranes] and bioavailable P [Doppel-Lactat and Mehlich 3 (PDL and PM3)]. Other fractions analyzed were total inorganic (Pin), total (PM-tot) and organic (Porg) P [fractionation after Marks], P sorbed on Fe and Al (PFeAl) [fractionation after Schwertmann] and residual P (Par) [aqua regia extract]. Comparison of medians appeared to be better for evaluating extraction abilities. Phosphorus fractions were in the following order: (Par = 100%); PCaCl2 (0.2%) < Pex (9%) < PDL (10%) < PM3 (16%) < Pin (24%) < Porg (37%) < PFeAl (55%) < PM-tot (59%). Low amounts of Pin, Porg and PM-tot did not verify the applicability of the Marks’ fractionation for the set of studied soils. Close correlations at P ≤ 0.001 were found for all methods for estimating the fractions of bioavailable phosphates (PCaCl2, Pex, PDL and PM3). Statistically significant relations were observed between Pin with Par, PM-tot and PFeAl.

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Phosphorous fractionation distribution in surface sediments of the Jobokuto Bay

Molekul ◽

10.20884/1.jm.2021.16.2.572 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 100

Author(s):

Lilik Maslukah ◽

Anindya Wirasatriya ◽

Muh Yusuf ◽

Resy Sekar Sari ◽

Ummu Salma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Dynamics ◽

Surface Sediments ◽

Sediment Surface ◽

P Availability ◽

P Fractions ◽

P Fractionation ◽

Terrestrial Inputs ◽

Essential Nutrient ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Total P

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient that can limit primary productivity in waters. Phosphorus has significant impact on the biogeochemical cycle in marine ecosystems. Surface sediments play an important role in the nutrient dynamics. Riverine input is sources of P to the ocean and sediment plays an important role as a source or sink of P in the coloumn of water. Phosphorous (P) availability is regarded as the most important factor for determining the water quality in coastal waters. However, not all of the P fractions can be released from the sediment. This study was conducted to identify the distribution of phosphorus (P) fractionation in the sediment surface of Jobokuto Bay. Samples were collected from ten locations. Percentage of sedimentary parameters such as sand, silt, clay, and organic carbon were analyzed to find out their relation with various P fractions. The sediment found was mostly sand at the station near to the coast and mud (silt and clay) at offshore stations. The results showed that Ca-P dominant (56.03%) and percentages of Fe-P, OP, and Ads-P were 23.43, 17.41, and 3.2% respectively. Terrestrial inputs and biological deposits cause Ca-P dominant. The bioavailability of P fractions were ranged from 34.45 to 56.1% of the total P (TP) content. The high concentrations of the Ads-P was found in the mud fraction and located at offshore stations. The order of abundance of the major forms of P in the surface sediments of Jobokuto bay is as follows: Ca-P > Fe-P > OP > Ads-P

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Internal phoshorus loading potential of a semiarid reservoir: an experimental study

Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia ◽

10.1590/s2179-975x10220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

Author(s):

Hérika Cavalcante ◽

Fabiana Araújo ◽

Vanessa Becker ◽

José Etham de Lucena Barbosa

Keyword(s):

Acidic Ph ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

Release Rates ◽

Tropical Reservoir ◽

Reservoir Sediment ◽

P Fractionation ◽

P Release ◽

Water And Sediment ◽

Fractionation Analysis ◽

Total P

Abstract: Aim To determine the internal P loading potential of semiarid tropical reservoir sediment while verifying the driving factors that affect P release rates. Methods An experiment was performed with water and sediment from the reservoir Boqueirão de Parelhas in Brazil. The effects of three variables on P release were studied: air temperature (region average of 28 °C and 32 °C, simulating an increase of 4 °C), pH (region average of pH 8, more acidic pH 6 and more alkaline pH 10) and oxygen (presence and absence). In addition, P fractionation analysis was performed on the P forms in the sediment. Results It was found that the minimum P release was in an oxic treatment at pH 6 and temperature 28 °C (0.22 mg m-2 d-1 ± 0.13) and the maximum P release in an anoxic treatment at pH 10 and temperature 32 °C (2.1 mg m-2 d-1 ± 0.15). The total P in the sediment was 597 mg kg-1, and the major P form in the sediment was NaOH-rP, the P bound to aluminum, corresponding to 42% of the total P. Conclusion These results allow us to confirm that the sediment of the Boqueirão reservoir is susceptible to the release of P bound to aluminum due to the prevalence of this form in its sediments concomitant with the high temperatures and alkaline pH of the water. This scenario can be aggravated by climate change.

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Alders increase soil phosphorus availability in a Douglas-fir plantation

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x95-179 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 1652-1657 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

Christian Paul Giardina ◽

Steve Huffman ◽

Dan Binkley ◽

Bruce A. Caldwell

Keyword(s):

Pacific Northwest ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

P Availability ◽

Red Alder ◽

P Fractionation ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Soil P ◽

P Limitation ◽

Exchange Resins

The effect of red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.) on soil phosphorus (P) availability in conifer forests of the Pacific Northwest has been the focus of several recent studies. One study at the Thompson Research Center in Washington State, found Bray No. 2 extractable P to be lower in soils under pure alder than in soils under adjacent stands of pure conifer. The Thompson study, and others in forests of the Northwest, have also found that the quantity of P in aboveground litter fall is greater for conifer stands mixed with alder than in adjacent pure conifer stands, suggesting equal or greater soil P availability under the influence of alder. We assessed the effect of low densities of red alder on soil P, using a modified Hedley sequential P fractionation scheme, in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantation in coastal Oregon. We determined that soils under plots with 190 alder stems/ha and 740 Douglas-fir stems/ha had greater inorganic P availability than pure Douglas-fir plots (740 stems/ha). Inorganic P fractions, sequentially extracted from soils at 0–0.15 m depths by anion exchange resins, by sodium hydroxide, and by hydrochloric acid, were 65–225% greater in plots with alder. Soil phosphatase activity was nearly three times greater in plots mixed with alder. No significant pH differences between the treatments were found. We conclude that red alder appears to increase the availability of soil P at our site, but note that increased P supplies may not prevent a P limitation on productivity for either alder or conifers.

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Availability and fractionation of phosphorus in soils with different physicochemical characteristics

Revista Agro mbiente On-line ◽

10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v14i0.6811 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Djalma Silva Pereira ◽

Liovando Marciano Da Costa ◽

Davi Lopes Do Carmo ◽

Ana Caroline Teixeira Rocha

Keyword(s):

Total Content ◽

Calcium Content ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Parent Material ◽

Available P ◽

Inorganic P ◽

High Calcium ◽

Inorganic P Fractions ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Total P

The total content of phosphorus (P) within soil does not reflect its availability for plants, the available form depending on the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil. The aim was to evaluate the availability of P, using Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractors, and to determine the different forms of inorganic P in different classes of soils. Samples from horizon A of five soil classes from the municipality of Lagoa Formosa, Minas Gerais, were used: Typical Dystrophic Litholytic Entisol (RLd), Typical Dystrophic Red Oxisol (LVd), Typical Dystrophic Tb Hapludox Inceptisol (CXbd), Typical Acriferic Red Oxisol (LVwf), and Typical Chernossolic Litholytic Entisol (RLm). The levels of available P, remaining P, and total P were determined. From the fractionation of inorganic P, it was determined: soluble P (“P-H2O”), P bonded to aluminum (P-Al), P bonded to iron (P-Fe), and P bonded to calcium (P-Ca). The Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractors had a high correlation coefficient, indicating that both methods could be used to extract available P from the soil. Mehlich-1 extracted more available P in the soil with a high calcium content (RLm). High levels of total P observed in LVwf and RLm were mainly due to the parent material of the soils. P-Fe and P-Al are the predominant inorganic P fractions in the most weathered (RLd, LVd, and LVwf) and acidic soils (Cxbd). In RLm, the inorganic P is predominantly P-Ca.

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Long-term phosphorus trends in Vertisols under continuous cereal cropping

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/s96052 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 327 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

R. C. Dalal

Keyword(s):

Size Fraction ◽

Available P ◽

Organic P ◽

Organic C ◽

Inorganic P ◽

P Loss ◽

Clay Size Fraction ◽

Extractable P ◽

Total P ◽

Sand Size

Vertisols originally carrying brigalow vegetation (Acacia harpophylla F. Muell. ex Benth.) and cultivated for cereal cropping for up to 45 years were examined for trends in available phosphorus (P) [sodium bicarbonate extractable P (bicarb. P) and dilute acid extractable P (acid P)], organic P, inorganic P, and total P. The soils (0-0 · 1 m depth) in their virgin state contained 60 mg/kg of bicarb. P, 168 mg/kg of acid P, 239 mg/kg of organic P, and 330 mg/kg of inorganic P. All fractions of soil P declined following first-order decay with the period of cereal cropping; the rates of bicarb. P and acid P (available P) decline were 0 · 047 and 0 · 08/year. The organic P, inorganic P, and total P declined more slowly than available P; the respective rates were 0 · 026, 0 · 019, and 0 · 021/year. The rates of loss of total P and inorganic P were much higher from the clay-size fraction than the silt-size or sand-size fraction, with the t½ value of inorganic P in the sand-size fraction being almost 20 times greater than any other fraction. On the other hand, organic P loss from the clay-size fraction was much less; presumably, clay provides physical protection to soil organic matter and hence to organic P from decomposition. On average, bicarb. P and acid P declined at the rate of 1 · 3±0 · 3 and 4 · 6±1 · 4 mg P/kg soil · year. The declines in organic P and inorganic P were 3 · 0±0.4 and 4 · 1±1 · 2 mg P/kg soil · year, with a loss in total P of 7 · 2±1 · 3 mg P/kg soil · year. There was no significant shift in the ratio organic P: total P (38±7%) with the period of cultivation and cereal cropping. Organic P was closely correlated with organic C and total N in these soils. The mean amounts of P contained in the grain and the dry matter of each cereal crop from 1981 and 1984 were 7 · 6±1 · 8 and 8 · 3±2 · 4 kg P/ha, respectively. Thus, most of the soil total P loss could be accounted for by crop removal, of which organic P contributed about 40%. However, the continuous decline in available P, especially below 15 mg P/kg soil, warrants remedial measures to arrest the decline in the yields of crops grown on these Vertisols.

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Evaluation of the phosphorus status of some coconut-growing soils of Sri Lanka

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960005499x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 25-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Loganathan ◽

P. M. N. Dayaratne ◽

R. T. Shanmuganathan

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Available P ◽

Organic P ◽

Inorganic P ◽

P Concentration ◽

Phosphorus Status ◽

Almost All ◽

Leaf P ◽

Total P

SUMMARYThe phosphorus status of 58 soil samples representing 15 soil series and four soil Orders (Ultisol, Entisol, Alfisol and Oxisol) in the major coconut-growing regions of Sri Lanka was evaluated by determining the available P extracted by the methods of Olsen, Bray & Kurtz No. 1, Bray & Kurtz No. 2 and NH4OAc (pH 4·8) and the various P forms. Total P in the soils ranged from 37 to 338 mg/kg with organic P and active P constituting only about 20 and 50% of the total P respectively. In general the sandy soils of the Entisols and Oxisols had lower total and organic P but higher active and available P than the rest. The relative abundance of the various inorganic P forms was generally in the decreasing order of inactive P, Fe-P, Al-P and Ca-P. Al-P and Ca-P were positively correlated with percentage sand and negatively correlated with percentage silt and percentage clay whereas total P and organic P had the opposite trend. Available P extracted by the four methods was very low in almost all soils except some of the sandy soils (Entisols) which had marginal to moderate P contents. They were positively correlated with Al-P, Ca-P, percentage sand and negatively correlated with percentages of silt, clay and organic carbon.Phosphorus concentrations (0·074–0·116%) in the 14th leaf of coconut at the soil sites were all lower than the critical leaf-P concentration (0·120%). Leaf-P correlations with Bray & Kurtz No. 2-P and NH40Ac-P were significant (P < 0·05) and with Al-P and Ca-P were close to significant.The study revealed that the coconut-growing soils of Sri Lanka were deficient in total as well as the active and available forms of P except perhaps some of the sandy soils of the Entisol. This was confirmed by coconut leaf P analysis.

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