OXIDATIVE DEGRADATION OF HUMIC AND FULVIC ACIDS EXTRACTED FROM TROPICAL VOLCANIC SOILS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. GRIFFITH ◽  
M. SCHNITZER
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Tropical Volcanic Soils ◽  
Major Oxidation

To obtain a better understanding of the unusual accumulation of organic matter in tropical volcanic soils in the West Indies, humic and fulvic acids were extracted with 0.5 N NaOH under N2 from four surface and two subsurface horizons of four such soils from the island of Dominica and degraded by KMnO4 oxidation of unmethylated and methylated materials. The oxidation products were fractionated by solvent extraction and chromatographic methods and 52 compounds were identified on a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–computer system. Major oxidation products (identified as esters and ethers) were benzenecarboxylic, phenolic and aliphatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids. Smaller amounts of n-alkanes, furan derivatives and dialkyl phthalates were also identified. The major chemical structures detected in the tropical volcanic humic and fulvic acids were aromatic rings substituted by: (a) three to six C atoms; (b) one OCH3 group and three, four and six C atoms; and (c) two OH groups and one, two, three and five C atoms. Judging from the qualitative and quantitative distribution of the major oxidation products, the chemical structure of tropical volcanic humic and fulvic acids did not appear to differ significantly from that of humic and fulvic acids extracted from soils from widely differing climatic zones. We were unable to detect any effect of depth of sampling or soil pH on the chemical structure of the humic materials extracted from the tropical volcanic soils.

PERMANGANATE OXIDATION OF HUMIC ACIDS, FULVIC ACIDS, AND HUMINS EXTRACTED FROM Ah HORIZONS OF A BLACK CHERNOZEM, A BLACK SOLOD, AND A BLACK SOLONETZ SOIL

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. KHAN ◽  
M. SCHNITZER
Keyword(s):  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Different Soils ◽  
Solonetz Soil

Humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin fractions extracted from a Black Chernozem, a Black Solod, and a Black Solonetz soil were methylated with diazomethane and oxidized with permanganate solution. The oxidation products were extracted into ethyl acetate, separated by preparative gas chromatography, and identified by comparing their mass and micro-IR spectra with those of authentic specimens. Total yields of oxidation products followed the order humic acids > humins > fulvic acids. The products resulting from the oxidation of humic and fulvic acids averaged 63% benzenecarboxylic, 32% phenolic, and 5% aliphatic carboxylic acids. The oxidation products from humins averaged 76% benzenecarboxylic but only 20% phenolic and 4% aliphatic carboxylic acids, indicating some differences in the chemical structure of humins from those of humic and fulvic acids. The most prominent compounds produced by the oxidation of the humic acids were hydroxy benzenepentacarboxylic and benzenetetracarboxylic acids. In general, differences in the distribution of the major oxidation products between the three major fractions were greater than those within individual humic fractions. Thus, the chemical structures of humic acids extracted from three different soils appeared to be more similar to each other than to those of fulvic acid and humin fractions from the same soil. The same was true for fulvic acids and humins extracted from the different soils. Between 79 and 95% of the oxidation products were identified. The oxidation products may have originated from (a) condensed lignin structures, (b) complex structures of microbiological origin, and/or (c) polymeric structures consisting of benzenecarboxylic and phenolic acids held together by hydrogen-bonding.

scholarly journals Changes in Structure and Content Humic Substances in Soil During the Laboratory Simulated Fires

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroš Sirotiak ◽  
Alica Bartošová
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Spectroscopy Technique ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Conventional Fractionation ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Atr Spectroscopy

Abstract The paper deals with the process of thermal degradation of humic substances in soil samples exposed to increased temperature. To determine the basic properties of humic substances, humic and fulvic acids are used conventional fractionation chemical laboratory methods. To determine changes in the chemical structure, the method of use of FT-IR ATR spectroscopy technique.

1H NMR spectra of humic and fulvic acids and their peracetic oxidation products

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Ruggiero ◽  
F.S Interesse ◽  
L Cassidei ◽  
O Sciacovelli
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
1H Nmr Spectra ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids

HUMIC AND FULVIC ACIDS IN SEDIMENTS AND SOILS OF AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. WHITBY ◽  
M. SCHNITZER
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Agricultural Watersheds ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Chemical Structures

Humic and fulvic acids were extracted from suspended and bottom sediments and soils of small agricultural watersheds of Southern Ontario and characterized by chemical and spectrophotometric methods and by chemical degradation. Soil humic and fulvic acids were found to be similar to sediment humic and fulvic acids, respectively, in elemental and functional group composition and in surface structural features. Metal-binding capacities of sediment and soil humic and fulvic acids were estimated from their CO2H and phenolic OH group contents. Because watershed soils contained per unit weight considerably more humic materials than did adjacent bottom sediments, the metal-binding capacity due to humic and fulvic acids in the watershed soils was considerably higher than that due to humic and fulvic acids in the sediments. Major products resulting from the alkaline KMnO4 oxidation of soil and sediment humic and fulvic acids were benzenecarboxylic and phenolic acids. The chemical, spectrophotometric and degradation data indicated that sediment and soil humic substances had similar chemical structures.

scholarly journals Impact of the Oxidant Type on the Efficiency of the Oxidation and Removal of Iron Compounds from Groundwater Containing Humic Substances

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Krupińska
Keyword(s):  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Organic Complexes ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adsorptive Properties

Due to the coexistence of organic matter and iron in groundwater, a certain part of the iron is present as iron-organic complexes in the form of colloids and/or dissolved complexes. The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the type of oxidizing agent: O2, Cl2, H2O2, or KMnO4, on the efficiency of the oxidation and removal of iron compounds from three groundwaters with significantly different contents and types of organic substances among which humic and fulvic acids occurred. This study shows that after the aeration and the oxidation with Cl2 and H2O2, the increasing content of dissolved hydrophilic organic substances containing aromatic rings in the raw water reduced the effectiveness of Fe(II) oxidation and the effectiveness of iron removal during the sedimentation process. This regularity was not found only when KMnO4 was used as the oxidant. After oxidation with H2O2, the highest number of organo-iron complexes and an increased concentration of dissolved organic carbon were found. High concentrations of organo-ferrous connections were also found in aerated water samples. The highest KMnO4 efficiency of removing iron and organic substances and reducing the color intensity and turbidity was due to the catalytic and adsorptive properties of the precipitated MnO2, which also improved the sedimentation properties of the resultant oxidation products.

Chemical structure of diamond-like carbon thin films

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
N.-H. Cho ◽  
K.M. Krishnan ◽  
D.B. Bogy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Sputtering Power ◽  
Data Aquisition ◽  
Equilibrium Phases ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Power Densities ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have attracted much attention due to their useful properties and applications. These properties are quite variable depending on film preparation techniques and conditions, DLC is a metastable state formed from highly non-equilibrium phases during the condensation of ionized particles. The nature of the films is therefore strongly dependent on their particular chemical structures. In this study, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was used to investigate how the chemical bonding configurations of DLC films vary as a function of sputtering power densities. The electrical resistivity of the films was determined, and related to their chemical structure.DLC films with a thickness of about 300Å were prepared at 0.1, 1.1, 2.1, and 10.0 watts/cm2, respectively, on NaCl substrates by d.c. magnetron sputtering. EEL spectra were obtained from diamond, graphite, and the films using a JEOL 200 CX electron microscope operating at 200 kV. A Gatan parallel EEL spectrometer and a Kevex data aquisition system were used to analyze the energy distribution of transmitted electrons. The electrical resistivity of the films was measured by the four point probe method.

Evaluation of the Properties of Humus Liquid of Earthworm Eisenia Foetida Obtained from Different Rachis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Remigio Gaibor Fernández ◽  
Abraham Adalberto Bayas Zamora ◽  
Galo Israel Muñoz Sánchez ◽  
Cristhian Adrián Rivas Santacruz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Eisenia Foetida ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
A Value ◽  
The One ◽  
Liquid Slurry

The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the physical characteristics of the vermicompost and the quality of the purine of the red Californian (Eisenia foetida) using different substrates of feed for these worms. For this purpose, nine treatments were studied: 75% African palm rachis + 25% cattle manure, 50% African palm rachis + 50% cattle manure, 25% African palm rachis + 75% livestock manure, 50% manure of cattle, 50% of manure of cattle, 25% of manure of cattle, 50% of manure of cattle, 50% of manure of cattle, 50% of rach of coconut + 50% of manure of Livestock, 25% coccus rachis + 75% livestock manure. The substrate made up of 50% of rachis of coconut and 50% of livestock manure can be used in nurseries or nurseries for being the one that registered a value of pH 7.3 plus the closest to the neutral compared to the others, besides this (75% of oil palm rachis and 25% of cattle manure) showed a higher content of humic and fulvic acids (0.87 and 0.45 p / p, respectively), compounds that are important for agriculture by stimulating plant growth, in addition to this reflection 0.06% sulfur content, 4.0 ppm boron, 7.0 ppm copper, 47.5 ppm iron, 6.0 ppm manganese, with a presence of microorganisms of the species Trichoderma, Penicillium, Cladosporium sp. in amounts of 1.91x105 UFC / ml, however in this substrate was obtained between 13.3 and 43.5% less liquid slurry in Comparison with other treatments.

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