DEEP PLOWED SOLONETZIC AND CHERNOZEMIC SOILS: I. TILTH AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF THE CULTIVATED LAYER

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. BUCKLAND ◽  
S. PAWLUK
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Total N ◽  
East Central ◽  
Soil Fabric ◽  
Physicochemical Features ◽  
Moisture Stability ◽  
Deep Plowing ◽  
Exchange Acidity

Micromorphological, chemical, mineralogical and physical properties of deep plowed and conventionally tilled soils were evaluated at five sites in east-central Alberta. Soil properties, as they relate to soil classification and seedbed tilth, were determined. Deep plowing resulted in the development of a unique soil fabric in Ap horizons which, relative to conventionally tilled soils, had characteristics tending towards higher salinity, sodicity, pH, clay, smectite and strength and lower exchange acidity, total C, total N, available moisture, stability and plasticity. Landscapes dominated by Solonetzic soils responded differently to deep plowing than landscapes where significant areas of Chernozemic soils were present [Formula: see text]. Solonetzic landscapes tended towards significantly higher salinity, sodicity and strength in Ap horizons than Chernozemic landscapes. Key words: Tilth, deep plowing, soil classification, reclamation

scholarly journals Maize Production and Soil Properties Change in Alley Cropping System at Different Nitrogen Levels

2010 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Md Abiar Rahman ◽  
Md Giashuddin Miah ◽  
Hisashi Yahata
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

Productivity of maize and soil properties change under alley cropping system consisting of four woody species (Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Cajanus cajan and Senna siamea) at different nitrogen levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of recommended rate) were studied in the floodplain ecosystem of Bangladesh. Comparative growth performance of four woody species after pruning showed that L. leucocephala attained the highest height, while C. cajan produced the maximum number of branches. Higher and almost similar amount of pruned materials (PM) were obtained from S. siamea, G. sepium and C. cajan species. In general, maize yield increased with the increase in N level irrespective of added PM. However, 100% N plus PM, 75% N plus PM and 100% N without PM (control) produced similar yields. The grain yield of maize obtained from G. sepium alley was 2.82, 4.13 and 5.81% higher over those of L. leucocephala, C. cajan and S. siamea, respectively. Across the alley, only one row of maize in the vicinity of the woody species was affected significantly. There was an increasing trend in soil properties in terms of organic C, total N and CEC in alley cropping treatments especially in G. sepium and L. leucocephala alleys compared to the initial and control soils. Therefore, one fourth chemical N fertilizer can be saved without significant yield loss in maize production in alley cropping system.

scholarly journals Characterizing Soil Physical Properties for Soil Moisture Monitoring with the North Carolina Environment and Climate Observing Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 933-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weinan Pan ◽  
R. P. Boyles ◽  
J. G. White ◽  
J. L. Heitman
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Moisture Monitoring

Abstract Soil moisture has important implications for meteorology, climatology, hydrology, and agriculture. This has led to growing interest in development of in situ soil moisture monitoring networks. Measurement interpretation is severely limited without soil property data. In North Carolina, soil moisture has been monitored since 1999 as a routine parameter in the statewide Environment and Climate Observing Network (ECONet), but with little soils information available for ECONet sites. The objective of this paper is to provide soils data for ECONet development. The authors studied soil physical properties at 27 ECONet sites and generated a database with 13 soil physical parameters, including sand, silt, and clay contents; bulk density; total porosity; saturated hydraulic conductivity; air-dried water content; and water retention at six pressures. Soil properties were highly variable among individual ECONet sites [coefficients of variation (CVs) ranging from 12% to 80%]. This wide range of properties suggests very different behavior among sites with respect to soil moisture. A principal component analysis indicated parameter groupings associated primarily with soil texture, bulk density, and air-dried water content accounted for 80% of the total variance in the dataset. These results suggested that a few specific soil properties could be measured to provide an understanding of differences in sites with respect to major soil properties. The authors also illustrate how the measured soil properties have been used to develop new soil moisture products and data screening for the North Carolina ECONet. The methods, analysis, and results presented here have applications to North Carolina and for other regions with heterogeneous soils where soil moisture monitoring is valuable.

scholarly journals THE MODIFICATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF SOME CONVENTIONAL AND UNCONVENTIONAL TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND CORRELATION BETWEEN SOME OF THE SOIL COMPACTATION INDICATORS AND YIELDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Raus ◽  
G. Jitareanu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Tillage Operation ◽  
Crop Parameters ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Optimal crop rooting soil physical conditions are a result of complex interactions between soil strength and oxygen and water supply to plant roots. Spatial/temporal variability in soil properties can be critical in the evaluation of the effects of tillage management practice on soil and crop parameters. In this paper tillage were evaluated for theirs effects on soil physical and hydrological properties. Tillage treatments were plough to 20 cm, plough to 30 cm, chisel and disc harrow applied to wheat in to been/ wheat/ maize rotation. The experiments have been conducted in the Didactic Station of the USAMV – Iasi, Ezăreni Farm, during the period between 2002-2004, on a cambic chernozem with 3,4 % humus and pH 7. Tillage system modify, at least temporarily, some of the physical properties of soil, such as soil bulk density, penetration resistance, soil porosity and soil structural stability. Hydraulic properties of the soil did not differ significantly. All the tillage operation was significantly different in their effects on soil properties.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KESUBURAN TANAH DI DUSUN KEKAWII III DESA RANDOTONDA KECAMATAN ENDE KABUPATEN ENDE

AGRICA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastianus Kuswara ◽  
Charly Mutiara
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Soil Clay

Evaluation soil fertility in dusun kekawii III randotonda Village, Ende District, Ende Regency. This study aims to determine the physical properties of the soil and the level of suitability of the land in Kekawii III hamlet, Randotonda village, Ende District, Ende Regency. Research is exploratory research, by evaluating physical properties, the evaluation results are described and compared with the standard physical properties of existing soil. The results of the study show that the soil properties in Kekawii III Hamlet are the soil texture of the sandy soil, clay. In structures, the types that exist are rounded lumps, lumpy angles, granular structures. On the color of the land dominated by Dark brown, Very dark gray, Very dark grayish brown. The consistency of land, it can be seen that these lands have a consistency that is sticky, plastic, loose, soft. The pH of the soil ranges from 4.2-6.4 and the slope ranges from 5% - 12%

scholarly journals Agroecological assessment of water-physical properties of irrigated soils of the Trans-Urals in the analysis of the main hydrophysical characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03014
Author(s):  
I.V. Komissarova ◽  
A.V. Chelovechkova ◽  
N.V. Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Soil Stratum ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Water-physical properties of soils are a set of soil properties that determine the accumulation, preservation and water transfer in the soil stratum. One of the important indicators of water-physical properties are soil-hydrological constants. These indicators can be used in forecasting yield, calculating the irrigation rate. The determination of soil-hydrological constants is a rather laborious process. In this article, we propose to obtain soil-hydrological constants from the data of the main hydrophysical characteristics. This technique allows to analyze the data and obtain soil-hydrological constants from the data of granulometric composition. The conducted studies have shown that the use of uncontrolled irrigation has led to the transformation of water-physical properties, the content of easily mobile, productive and gravitational moisture has decreased. When modeling the MHC curve, a change in the shape on the graphs can be noted.

scholarly journals Diagnostic role of soil physical properties of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Gorban
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Aggregate Composition

For the current stage of the development of soil science it is relevant to search for objectively existing interactions between the various soil properties. Solving this issue most appropriately should be based on the establishment of pedotransfer functions. Pedotransfer functions appeared at the time of the birth of quantitative soil science, when one of the properties of the soil tried to predict others when it became clear that everything in the soil is interrelated when it was established that there is a well-defined number of fundamental, basic properties of the soil, which is basically defines its other properties. Accordingly, the purpose of our work is to establish the diagnostic value of the individual soil physical properties of forest biogeocoenoses of the steppe by means of determining the existing interconnections between them and other properties and characteristics of these soils. The solution of this issue is one of the tasks of developing research on the soil physical properties of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The diagnostic value of granulometric and structural-aggregate composition, density and permeability for determining the general state of soils due to the existence of certain interactions between the indicated parameters and other soil properties is considered. The granulometric composition is a fundamental soil characteristic that determines not only the physical state, but also all the main soil properties and regimes of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The structural and aggregate composition is an important complex diagnostic feature of chernozem, which helps to reveal the peculiarities of their genesis under the influence of forest vegetation, in particular as a result of changes in the content and composition of organic matter, exchange cations, the influence of root vegetation systems, etc. The soil density, due to existing interactions with other soil properties, is an important diagnostic feature that reflects the features of their genesis and regimes, which determines the specificity of the ecological functions of the soils of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. Water permeability can be considered as a complex characteristic of soils, which to a certain extent reflects their granulometric composition, porosity, structural and aggregate composition, determines the features of the water-air regime. The differences of physical properties of zonal chernozems and chernozems, the genesis of which are connected with artificial and natural forest biogeocoenoses within the steppe zone of Ukraine, are analyzed. The relevance of the further search for relationships between physical indicators that are easily and promptly analyzed, and other soil properties for expanding diagnostic possibilities with respect to their genesis is pointed out.

Spatial and temporal variability in chemical properties of a podzolic B horizon of an old-growth maple forest

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Godbout ◽  
Jean-Louis Brown
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Soil Changes

A Podzolic soil from an old-growth maple hardwood forest in eastern Canada was systematically sampled from a 16.5-m-long trench in 1975. In 1986, the upper 10 cm of the B horizon was resampled from two sampling lines located on each side and parallel to the 1975 trench, one at a distance of 1 m downhill and the other at a distance of 4 m uphill. Total N, organic C, pH, and exchangeable Ca, Mg and K were measured. The objectives were to evaluate the change in the chemical status of the B horizon from 1975 to 1986 and to characterize the spatial variability of the horizon. No significant change was found in the soil chemical properties tested during this 11-yr period. No significant autocorrelation was observed between soil samples 60 cm apart, except for the downhill sampling line, which was located 1 m from the trench. For most properties, the magnitude of the difference between two soil sampling units was not proportional to the distance separating them over the range of 0.6–4.2 m. Except for pH, a difference in soil properties of more than 30% was observed in 37–56% of sample pairs 60 cm apart. Resampling near (1 m) an old soil pit may not be valid because of possible local modifications of soil properties created by the pit, even when it is filled in. Key words: Podzol, soil variability, acidic deposition, soil changes

A new approach to soil classification mapping based on the spatial distribution of soil properties

Geoderma ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 219-220 ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Fagioli da Silva ◽  
Maria João Pereira ◽  
João Daniel Carneiro ◽  
Célia Regina Lopes Zimback ◽  
Paulo Milton Barbosa Landim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
New Approach

The influence of the soil matrix on nitrogen mineralisation and nitrification. I. Spatial variation and a hierarchy of soil properties

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Strong ◽  
P. W. G. Sale ◽  
K. R. Helyar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Small Field ◽  
N Mineralisation ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Variables

Natural heterogeneity of soil properties was used to explore their influence on nitrogen (N) mineralisation and nitrification in undisturbed small soil volumes (soil cells; c. 1 · 7 cm3 ) sampled from a small field plot (2 m by 3 m). Soil cells (840) were randomly ascribed to 1 of 6 treatments in which soils were retained continuously moist (M10 and M30 treatments) and amended with organic N from clover (Cl10 and Cl30 treatments), dried and rewetted (DW10), or treated with urea (Ur10) (subscripts indicate soil incubation at matric potential - 10 or - 30 kPa). After 20 days of incubation at 24C, each soil cell was analysed for NO-3 -N, NH + 4 -N, pH, bulk density (BD), volumetric water content (θv), water content at - 490 kPa (θv490), and pH buffer capacity (pHBC). On 25 soil cells from each treatment, % clay, % silt, % sand, total N (% N), organic carbon (% C), and 7 cations and anions were also determined. Net N mineralisation and net nitrification occurred in all treatments, and the total mineral N at the end of the incubation was 497, 81, 73, 31, 27, and 31 µg N/g in the Ur10 Cl10, Cl30, M10, M30, and DW10 treatments, respectively. Net N mineralisation in the M30 treatment was 84% of that in the M10 treatment, and net N mineralisation in the Cl30 treatment was 86% of that in the Cl10 treatment. Fluctuations in soil pH varied markedly between treatments and over time, and it was apparent that alkaline processes were occurring in all soil cells. The heterogeneity between soil samples was substantial for all of the soil variables. Soil variables were classified in a hierarchy from the least to the most fundamental based on their stability through time. This ranking provides a conceptual tool for understanding interrelationships between soil properties and for interpreting results of regression analyses. The sampling approach adopted in this study was designed to harness the natural heterogeneity of soil properties in the small field site while keeping other properties and environmental factors, that usually vary over larger distances, constant. Both the extent of heterogeneity of soil properties and the nature of their correlations with NO-3 -N suggested that this technique would be useful in the exploration of how soil properties influence N mineralisation and nitrification.

Reliability assessment of slopes with three-dimensional rotated transverse anisotropy in soil properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Huang ◽  
Andy Y F Leung
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transverse Anisotropy ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Strike Direction ◽  
Soil Fabric ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Direction ◽  
Deposition Processes ◽  
Probabilistic Slope Stability Analysis

The influence of soil variability on three-dimensional (3D) probabilistic slope stability analysis has been previously investigated for soils that display isotropic spatial variability features or anisotropic horizontal fabric patterns. However, due to various soil deposition processes, weathering, filling or tectonic movements, the assumptions of isotropy or horizontal layering may not always be realistic. This study presents 3D analyses of slopes with spatially variable soils associated with rotated transverse anisotropy features. The results show that for cross-dip slopes where the strike direction of soil strata is perpendicular to the out-of-plane direction of the slope, the reliability depends on various factors including strata rotation angle and autocorrelation distances, and differs significantly from slopes with horizontally deposited soil fabric. The influence of strata orientation is also pronounced for dip slopes and reverse dip slopes, and these are presented in terms of reliability indices of the slopes and statistics of the length of sliding mass, and elaborated by considering the failure mechanism under different scenarios. Through these analyses, this paper discusses the key features of slope reliability considering rotated transverse anisotropy in soil properties, and their major differences from situations involving horizontal soil layers or two-dimensional probabilistic assessments.

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