EFFECT OF ZINC FERTILIZATION ON PLANT ZINC CONCENTRATION OF FORAGES AND CEREALS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Cereal Grain

Field experiments were conducted in Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) to determine the effects of Zn (zinc sulfate) applied to the soil; applied as a foliar spray; and the effects of chelated Zn applied as a foliar spray on Zn concentration of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plant tissue Zn levels as low as 12 mg kg−1 in forages, 14 mg kg−1 in cereal boot stage tissue and 19 mg kg−1 in cereal grain were not related to Zn deficiency. Tissue Zn levels as high as 123 mg kg−1 in barley boot stage tissue and 153 mg kg−1 in alfalfa did not result in yield reduction or any Zn toxicity symptoms. Cereal and forage yields were not affected by Zn treatments. In most cases, soil and foliar Zn applications were effective in increasing the Zn concentration in forages and cereals. Should a Zn deficiency be suspected (either from the crop or animal nutrition viewpoint) Zn could be applied to the soil at 20 kg ha−1 or as a foliar spray at 0.5 to 1.0 kg ha−1 to overcome the problem in this region (and in other areas with similar soil and climatic conditions). Key words: Plant Zn, soil and foliar applied Zn, Zn chelate and zinc sulfate, podzol soils

Iron status of crops in Prince Edward Island and effect of soil pH on plant iron concentration

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh C. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Cereal Grain

Field studies were conducted in Prince Edward Island (PEI) on the Fe nutrition of cereals and forages and to determine the relationship between plant Fe and soil pH. The Fe concentration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) boot stage tissue (BST) and grain ranged from 35 to 65 and from 19 to 42 mg kg−1, respectively, in the control and from 38 to 57 and from 22 to 45 mg kg−1, respectively, in the soil applied Fe treatments. In the foliar applied Fe treatments, the cereal BST contained as much as 121 mg Fe kg−1 in the FeSO4.7H2O treatments and up to 86 mg kg−1 in the chelate-Fe treatment, but neither of these two sources increased Fe concentration in the grain. In the first cut of forages in the foliar treatments, the Fe was as high as 131 mg Fe kg−1, but no differences were generally found between the control and Fe treatments in the second cut. Over the soil pH ranges of 4.5–6.9, no consistency was found in the correlation coefficient (r) values between plant Fe and soil pH. In spite of the Fe concentrations as low as 19 mg kg−1 in cereal grain and 23 mg kg−1 in forages in the control treatments, no yield response to added Fe was found. However, the Fe concentrations as found in this study would be considered deficient for livestock and mineral supplements of Fe to the feeds may be desirable. Key words: Cereals, forages, soil pH, plant iron, acid soils

MANGANESE NUTRITION OF CEREALS AND FORAGES GROWN IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Mn Deficiency ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Mn Concentration

Field experiments were conducted in Prince Edward Island to determine the effects of MnSO4 H2O applied as a foliar spray and to the soil and the effects of chelated Mn applied as a foliar spray and limestone applications on Mn concentration and yields of alfalfa (Medicago sativa, L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.). The Mn concentration in forages and cereal grain was not affected by method of application. Soil-applied Mn at 5 and 10 kg ha−1 was generally ineffective in increasing tissue Mn concentration. The second cut of alfalfa and timothy contained more Mn than the first cut. Yields of forages and cereals were not affected by Mn applications. Manganese concentrations as low as 29–31 μg g−1 in forages and 22 μg g−1 in cereals were not related to Mn deficiency. In spite of some foliage burning at the 2 kg Mn ha−1 foliar application, no yield reductions were found on any of the crops investigated. Applications of limestone to raise soil pH to 6.6–6.9 decreased tissue Mn in forages and cereal grain. The sharpest decreases occurred in timothy and alfalfa but did not result in low enough tissue Mn to cause Mn deficiency. Key words: Tissue Mn, soil-applied Mn, foliar-applied Mn, soil pH

No-till alfalfa stand termination strategies: Alfalfa control and wheat and barley production

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bullied ◽  
M. H. Entz ◽  
S. R. Smith Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Unique Problem ◽  
Crown Area ◽  
No Till ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The Relationship

Crop rotations involving perennial alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) present the unique problem of terminating the alfalfa stand. Intensive tillage currently used to terminate alfalfa increases the risk of soil erosion and reduces many of the rotational benefits from alfalfa. Inadequate alfalfa termination results in severe competition to the following crop by surviving alfalfa plants. Field experiments were conducted in Manitoba between 1991 and 1993 with the following objectives: 1) to investigate no-till vs. tillage management systems for successful alfalfa termination, 2) to compare fall vs. spring alfalfa termination, 3) to compare the performance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeded into alfalfa residue, and 4) to determine the relationship between alfalfa escapes and grain yield. Fall termination produced higher grain yields than spring termination, however this advantage was only achieved with the better termination treatments capable of lowering alfalfa regrowth below a critical level. The best herbicide treatment tested here was glyphosate at 1.78 kg a.i. ha−1. Successful treatments would have to reduce residual alfalfa basal crown area (a measure of alfalfa regrowth potential) after cereal grain harvest to below 2%. Alfalfa escapes reduced yield of following wheat and barley crops similarly (P > 0.05). When alfalfa termination treatment method allowed some regrowth, in-crop herbicide treatments significantly reduced alfalfa basal crown area. Results of this study indicate that it is feasible to terminate alfalfa with herbicides in the absence of tillage, however an overall cropping strategy, including adequate consideration of weeds present in alfalfa fields at time of termination, must be considered. Key words: Herbicides, competition, recropping, no-till, alfalfa regrowth, soil conservation, sustainable cropping

EFFECT OF VARIOUS SOURCES OF SULFUR ON YIELD AND SULFUR CONCENTRATION OF CEREALS AND FORAGES

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
J. A. MacLEOD
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Field experiments were conducted at three locations in Prince Edward Island to determine the effects of various sources of S (Agri-Sul, gypsum, and Urea-Sul) on S concentration of tissue and yields of forages and cereals. Gypsum was effective in increasing the S concentration in plant tissues. Agri-Sul at 10–80 kg S∙ha−1 was generally ineffective in increasing the S concentration of forages and cereals. In the absence of added S (check treatments), the plant tissue S concentrations in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) ranged from 0.18 to 0.39 and from 0.14 to 0.27%, respectively. In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum distichon L.), the S concentrations varied from 0.12 to 0.26 and from 0.13 to 0.20% in the boot stage tissue and grain, respectively, in the check treatments. In general, the S concentration was higher in the boot stage tissue than in the grain. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds and vegetative material from the check treatments contained 0.19–0.24% and 0.17–0.36% S, respectively. Gypsum or Urea-Sul did not increase the yields of forages or cereals. In one instance Agri-Sul slightly increased the alfalfa yield (5–8.5%), but this was not associated with tissue S increases. Plant tissue S levels as low as 0.12–0.18% appeared to be adequate for barley, wheat, timothy, peas, and alfalfa. Key words: Sources of sulfur, tissue S, yields, cereals, forages

Critical plant and seed concentrations of phosphorus and zinc for predicting response of faba beans (Vicia faba)

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Lewis ◽  
WA Hawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Critical Concentrations ◽  
Faba Beans

Faba beans (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) were grown in 1 glasshouse and 3 field experiments to calibrate the critical concentrations of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) in selected plant tissues for vegetative and grain yields. In the field experiments, responses in grain yield to soil-applied P were between 0.5 and 0.8 t/ha (20-25%) at sites with extractable Colwell soil P concentrations of 20 and 23 mg/kg. Similarly, grain yields were increased by 0.6-1.2 t/ha (20-30%) from the application of either soil-applied or foliar Zn. These field responses to Zn only occurred if P fertiliser was applied at sowing. Maximum yields were obtained by either applying about 2 kg Zn/ha to the soil at sowing, or 500 g Zn/ha as a foliar spray, 8 weeks after sowing. In field experiments, critical P concentrations in the youngest open leaf during vegetative growth for prediction of maximum grain yield in the field, remained constant over a 10-week growing period. A critical nutrient range of 0.40-0.41% is proposed. However, critical concentrations of P in whole top for maximum grain yield, declined from 0.40 to 0.27% over the same growing period. For bean seed collected at harvest, a critical concentration of 0.36% P for maximum grain yield was derived. Critical concentrations of Zn during vegetative growth for prediction of maximum grain yield, derived in both glasshouse and field experiments, were very similar in youngest open leaf and whole top, and no significant decline with plant age was observed; a critical nutrient range of 19-24 mg/kg is proposed. For seed collected at harvest, a critical nutrient range for diagnosis of Zn deficiency of 13-15 mg/kg is suggested.

scholarly journals BORON AND ZINC NUTRITION OF TOBACCO GROWN IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
W. J. ARSENAULT
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Boron Toxicity ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Zinc Nutrition ◽  
Grade Index

Field experiments were conducted at various locations in Prince Edward Island to determine the effect of applied Zn and B on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) yield, grade index, and tissue B and Zn concentrations. Addition of B at 1.1 kg ha−1 did not increase tobacco yield. Rates of B at 8.8 kg ha−1 and higher proved toxic and resulted in yield reductions. At these higher rates there was more than 3 μg g−1 hot-water-soluble (HWS) B in the soil and 113–169 μg B g−1 in the various primings. Tissue B levels as low as 31 μg g−1 in the third priming and the HWS B as low as 0.3 μg g−1 soil did not give B deficiency symptoms. Additions of Zn tended to increase yields but not significantly. Tissue Zn levels as low as 17 μg g−1 in the 3rd priming did not result in Zn deficiency symptoms. No yield reductions occurred when the tissue Zn levels were as high as 115 in the first and 57 μg g−1 in the fourth priming. The grade index of tobacco was not affected by Zn applications but B applications of 8.8 kg ha−1 significantly decreased the index. Tissue Zn and B were higher in the 1st and 2nd than in the 3rd, 4th, or 5th primings. Key words: Tobacco yields, tissue boron, tissue zinc, boron toxicity

A COMPARISON OF METHODS TO RAISE ZINC CONCENTRATION OF APPLE LEAVES

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. NEILSEN ◽  
P. B. HOYT
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Tight Cluster ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

Little residual increase in leaf Zn concentration was measured after spray application of ZnSO4 at silver tip or postharvest or after sprays of Zn50 or chelated Zn at tight cluster in a series of multi-year field experiments in three Delicious apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards. In contrast, Zn applied to the soil surface or within peat plugs inserted in the soil increased leaf Zn although sometimes to toxic concentrations in a different orchard comparing foliar- and soil-applied Zn.Key words: Apple, Zn deficiency, leaf Zn

Mineral nutrition of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) grown in replaced soil after bauxite mining at Weipa, Queensland

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
MC Fulton ◽  
LC Bell ◽  
CJ Asher
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Bauxite Mining ◽  
Copper Zinc

The yield potential of cassava with optimal mineral nutrition was evaluated in a lateritic red earth that was replaced after bauxite mining at Weipa, Queensland. There were 9 field experiments. In 8 separate experiments, 5 rates each of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulfur, copper, zinc (Zn), boron or molybdenum fertilisers were banded into the soil. In the phosphorus (P) experiment, triple superphosphate and rock phosphate were compared, each with 5 rates of P banded, broadcast or spot-placed into the soil. After 2 wet seasons (66 weeks after planting), maximum tuber yields were produced by the banded application of 200 kg P/ha as triple superphosphate, 20 kg Mg/ha and 8 kg Zn/ha. With rock phosphate, only the broadcast placement produced an increase in the yield of cassava, maximum yields being achieved with 400 kg P/ha. In addition, there was evidence that 100 kg N/ha and 300 kg K/ha were needed for maximum yields. Therefore, based on the results of these individual experiments over 2 seasons, 100 kg N/ha, 200 kg P/ha as triple superphosphate or 400 kg P/ha as rock phosphate, 300 kg K/ha, 20 kg Mg/ha and 8 kg Zn/ha are the fertiliser recommendations for cassava grown in replaced soil at Weipa. In addition, early Zn deficiency symptoms (not related to any applied fertilisers) may necessitate a foliar spray of 4 kg Zn/ha as well as the soil-applied Zn fertiliser. However, the use of dolomite at 80 kg Mg/ha may have decreased the tuber yields and/or increased the requirements for certain soil-applied fertilisers. An average yield of 26.0 t/ha of tubers (fresh weight) was obtained with a 51-week growing season, and the recommended rates of fertilisers. This yield was reasonable when compared with 32 t/ha of fresh tubers predicted by a growth model for cassava, grown in North Queensland for 52 weeks without irrigation.

scholarly journals Zinc Sulfate and Sugar Alcohol Zinc Sprays at Critical Stages to Improve Apple Fruit Quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Chunxia Fu ◽  
Yujing Yan ◽  
Yan’an Wang ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Zn Concentration

This research was initiated to determine the response of apple (Malus ×domestica) fruit quality to sprays of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and sugar alcohol zinc. Two apple cultivars Fuji and Gala were evaluated, the leaf zinc (Zn) concentration of which were about 14.3 mg·kg−1 dry weight without Zn deficiency symptoms. The trees were sprayed with ZnSO4 and sugar alcohol zinc separately during four different developmental stages: 2 weeks before budbreak (P1), 3 weeks after bloom (P2), the termination of spring shoot growth (P3), and 4 weeks before harvest (P4). The fruit was harvested at maturity and analyzed for fruit quality and fruit Zn concentration. Zinc sprays during the four different developmental stages increased Zn concentration of peeled and washed fruit at harvest, without phytotoxicity. The treatments at stages P2 and P4 increased average fruit weight of ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’, respectively. The treatments at stages P1 and P4 increased the fruit firmness of ‘Gala’, while the treatments at stages P1 and P2 increased the fruit firmness of ‘Fuji’. The treatments at stages P1, P2, and P4 increased the soluble sugar and vitamin C of ‘Gala’ fruit, while the treatments at all the stages increased the soluble sugar and vitamin C of ‘Fuji’. And the effects of sugar alcohol zinc were equal and more pronounced than those of ZnSO4. Thus, Zn sprays at critical periods can improve fruit quality of apple trees, which show no Zn deficiency symptoms with leaf Zn concentration less than 15 mg·kg−1 dry weight.

SELENIUM ENRICHMENT OF CROPS THROUGH FOLIAR APPLICATIONS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Podzol Soils

A field study was conducted, at two locations on Prince Edward Island, over a 5-yr period to determine the effects of foliar applications of sodium selenite on the Se concentration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain and in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) foliage. Applications of 10–20 g Se ha−1 resulted in barley kernels and forage plant Se levels that would be adequate to prevent Se deficiency in most livestock. The highest rate of Se, at 80 g ha−1, resulted in plant Se concentrations of 706 μg kg−1 in timothy. The measured plant Se concentrations, to the same applications, varied from year to year but the responses to applied Se levels were generally in the same proportions. For similar application rates Se concentrations were lower in barley grain than in the forages. Tissue Se levels in the second cuts of alfalfa and timothy were lower than in the first cut. High levels of foliar-applied Se did not result in a carryover effect the following crop year. Annual foliar applications of Se would be required to raise the Se levels in crops into the sufficiency range for livestock feeds. Key words: Selenium content, foliar spray, cereals, forages, Podzol soils

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