Critical plant and seed concentrations of phosphorus and zinc for predicting response of faba beans (Vicia faba)

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Lewis ◽  
WA Hawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Critical Concentrations ◽  
Faba Beans

Faba beans (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) were grown in 1 glasshouse and 3 field experiments to calibrate the critical concentrations of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) in selected plant tissues for vegetative and grain yields. In the field experiments, responses in grain yield to soil-applied P were between 0.5 and 0.8 t/ha (20-25%) at sites with extractable Colwell soil P concentrations of 20 and 23 mg/kg. Similarly, grain yields were increased by 0.6-1.2 t/ha (20-30%) from the application of either soil-applied or foliar Zn. These field responses to Zn only occurred if P fertiliser was applied at sowing. Maximum yields were obtained by either applying about 2 kg Zn/ha to the soil at sowing, or 500 g Zn/ha as a foliar spray, 8 weeks after sowing. In field experiments, critical P concentrations in the youngest open leaf during vegetative growth for prediction of maximum grain yield in the field, remained constant over a 10-week growing period. A critical nutrient range of 0.40-0.41% is proposed. However, critical concentrations of P in whole top for maximum grain yield, declined from 0.40 to 0.27% over the same growing period. For bean seed collected at harvest, a critical concentration of 0.36% P for maximum grain yield was derived. Critical concentrations of Zn during vegetative growth for prediction of maximum grain yield, derived in both glasshouse and field experiments, were very similar in youngest open leaf and whole top, and no significant decline with plant age was observed; a critical nutrient range of 19-24 mg/kg is proposed. For seed collected at harvest, a critical nutrient range for diagnosis of Zn deficiency of 13-15 mg/kg is suggested.

Lupin grain yields and fertiliser effectiveness are increased by banding superphosphate below the seed

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Jarvis ◽  
MDA Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
P Content ◽  
Better Than

Five field experiments with lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) measured the effectiveness, for production, of 4 superphosphate placements either: (i) drilled with the seed to a depth of 4 or 5 cm; (ii) applied to the soil surface (topdressed) before sowing; or (iii) banded 2.5-5 cm and 7.5-8 cm below the seed while sowing. Levels of applied phosphate (P) from 0 to 36 kg P/ha were tested. In all experiments lupin grain yield responded to the highest level of superphosphate applied. At this P level, the average grain yield from all trials was 1.16 t/ha for the deepest banded treatment. This was 0.38 t/ha (49%) better than P drilled with the seed, and 0.62 t/ha (115%) better than P topdressed. Relative to superphosphate drilled with the seed and regardless of the lupin cultivar or the phosphate status of the soil, the effectiveness of superphosphate was increased by 10-90% by banding below the seed, and decreased by 30-60% by topdressing. Increasing the levels of superphosphate drilled with the seed generally reduced the density of seedlings and reduced early vegetative growth, probably due to salt or P toxicity. However, during the growing season, the plants treated with high levels of superphosphate recovered, so that eventually yields of dried tops and grain responded to increasing superphosphate drilled with the seed. In each experiment there was a common relationship between yield and P content in lupin tissue, regardless of how the superphosphate was applied, suggesting that lupins responded solely to P, and other factors did not alter yield. We recommend that farmers band superphosphate 5-8 cm below the seed while sowing, rather than continue the present practices of either drilling the fertiliser with the seed, or topdressing it before sowing.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE ADAPTATION OF QUINOA (CHENOPODIUM QUINOA WILLD.) TO EASTERN ANATOLIA REGION OF TURKEY

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa TAN ◽  
Süleyman TEMEL
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
The World

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), an Andean crop, is native food plant of highnutritional value and its cultivation is increasing rapidly in the World. Backgroundstudies should be conducted on the determination of appropriate quinoa varietiesfor different ecologies for its cultivation to become widespread in a healthy way.This study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 in Erzurum and Igdir non-irrigationconditions in the Eastern Anatolia of Turkey. The locations have differentecological characteristics from each other. The field experiments were conductedwith 9 varieties in each location in a randomized complete blocks experimentaldesign with four replications. The grain yield and some related characteristics wereexamined in the study. The grain yield and related characteristics of quinoa variedsignificantly depending on varieties and locations in the study. According to thetwo-year results, quinoa cultivation is a risky in Erzurum which has a high altitudeand short vegetation period. The grain yields ranged between 110-599 kg ha-1 andwas found to be quite low. In the Igdır location, 933-1646 kg ha-1 of seed yield wasobtained from the varieties. The earliest cultivar is Q-52, it has matured in Erzurumat 102 days, Igdir at 118 days. The latest maturation (138 days) was determined inthe Oro de Valle cultivar in Igdir conditions. According to these results, moquArrochilla, Q-52, Oro de Valle, French Vanilla and Rainbow cultivars can berecommended for non-irrigated conditions of these locations provided that it isseeded early in the spring. However, Erzurum and similar locations are not suitablefor the agriculture of this plant due to short plant growing period.

Improved growth and yield of Faba beans (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) by inoculation with strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar. viciae in acid soils in south west Victoria

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Carter ◽  
WK Gardner ◽  
AH Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
South West ◽  
Faba Beans

The response of faba beans (Vicia faba L. cv. Fiord) to seed inoculation with eight strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar. viciae was examined in field experiments at six sites on acid soils in south-west Victoria. At two of the sites, two additional strains were examined, and in 1988, 14 strains were examined at one site. Very low natural populations of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae were found at the experimental sites. Most strains resulted in improved early nodulation and increased grain yield at all sites, when compared to inoculation with the commercial strain of rhizobia (SU391). Plant dry matter production and nitrogen accumulation in the plant shoot tissue was also increased at one site during the flowering period by some strains. Large visual differences between plots inoculated with SU391 and other strains were evident at most sites. Most uninoculated treatments were not nodulated and yielded very poorly. Treatments inoculated with the strain SU391 performed similarly to the uninoculated treatments.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Fortification for Rice Grain Yield and Nutrients Uptake Enhancement

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Omnia M. Elshayb ◽  
Khaled Y. Farroh ◽  
Heba E. Amin ◽  
Ayman M. Atta
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Agriculture Sector

Applications of metal oxide nanoparticles in the agriculture sector are being extensively included as the materials are considered superior. In the present work, zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NPs), with a developing fertilizer, is applied in the fortification of rice grain yield and nutrient uptake enhancement. To evaluate the role of ZnO NP, two field experiments were conducted during the 2018 and 2019 seasons. ZnO NPs were small, nearly spherical, and their sizes equal to 31.4 nm, as proved via the dynamic light scattering technique. ZnO NPs were applied as a fertilizer in different concentrations, varying between 20 and 60 mg/L as a foliar spray. The mixture of ZnSO4 and ZnO NP40 ameliorated yield component and nutrients (N, K, and Zn) uptake was enhanced compared to traditional ZnSO4 treatment. Nevertheless, the uptake of the phosphorous element (P) was adversely affected by the treatment of ZnO NPs. Thus, treatment via utilizing ZnO NPs as a foliar with a very small amount (40 ppm) with of basal ZnSO4 led to a good improvement in agronomic and physiological features; eventually, higher yield and nutrient-enriched rice grain were obtained.

Effects of plant density and sowing date on grain yield of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) in northern New South Wales

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Marcellos ◽  
GA Constable
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
High Yields

The effects of varying plant density and sowing date on grain yield of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) were determined in 6 experiments at Tamworth and Narrabri in northern New South Wales. The graph of grain yield rose to an asymptote as plant density was increased. Under conditions favouring high yields, a plant density of 20 m-2 gave near maximum grain yields, but for a wider range of circumstances a plant density of 30-35 m-2 was appropriate. If sowing was delayed after the end of April, grain yield was reduced as was dry matter yield and the duration of pod-filling. Late sowing also lowered the height of the first pod above ground, and increased the likelihood of yield loss through foliar disease.

EFFECT OF ZINC FERTILIZATION ON PLANT ZINC CONCENTRATION OF FORAGES AND CEREALS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Cereal Grain

Field experiments were conducted in Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) to determine the effects of Zn (zinc sulfate) applied to the soil; applied as a foliar spray; and the effects of chelated Zn applied as a foliar spray on Zn concentration of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plant tissue Zn levels as low as 12 mg kg−1 in forages, 14 mg kg−1 in cereal boot stage tissue and 19 mg kg−1 in cereal grain were not related to Zn deficiency. Tissue Zn levels as high as 123 mg kg−1 in barley boot stage tissue and 153 mg kg−1 in alfalfa did not result in yield reduction or any Zn toxicity symptoms. Cereal and forage yields were not affected by Zn treatments. In most cases, soil and foliar Zn applications were effective in increasing the Zn concentration in forages and cereals. Should a Zn deficiency be suspected (either from the crop or animal nutrition viewpoint) Zn could be applied to the soil at 20 kg ha−1 or as a foliar spray at 0.5 to 1.0 kg ha−1 to overcome the problem in this region (and in other areas with similar soil and climatic conditions). Key words: Plant Zn, soil and foliar applied Zn, Zn chelate and zinc sulfate, podzol soils

Evaluation of amounts, methods and sources of zinc application to wheat in flood plain soils

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Sharma ◽  
J. C. Katyal
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Zinc Uptake ◽  
Zinc Application

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted in a zinc-deficient flood plain alluvial soil to study the effect of amounts, methods and sources of zinc application on the yield and uptake of zinc by wheat. Zinc was applied at 0, 5 and 10 kg Zn/ha as zinc sulphate and zinc oxide either broadcast and mixed in the soil or drilled below the seed. Spray application of zinc was also tested. Irrespective of the source, grain yield and zinc uptake significantly increased up to 10 kg Zn/ha. Soil-applied zinc was highly correlated with yield and zinc uptake in the two field experiments. Grain yield was also found to be significantly correlated with zinc content of grain (r = 0·78), straw (r = 0·72) and flag leaf (r = 0·66). When applied at the rate of 10 kg Zn/ha, broadcasting of zinc sulphate and drilling of ZnO below the seed were equally effective in increasing grain yield of wheat. Foliar spray of zinc sulphate was an effective emergency method, but in highly zinc-deficient soils it did not compare well with soil application of zinc.

EFFETS DES TEMPERATURES DU SOL, DES DATES DE SEMIS ET DES MAUVAISES HERBES SUR LES COMPOSANTES DU RENDEMENT DE L’AVOINE

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. DESCHENES ◽  
C. A. ST-PIERRE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Hand Weeding

On a St-André sandy loam and on a Kamouraska clay, the effect of soil temperature on oats (Avena sativa L.) was measured in the greenhouse using a system described by Deschênes et al. in 1974 and in the field, using two dates of seeding. The effect of weeds was measured by using un weeded and hand-weeded treatments. In the greenhouse, cool soil temperatures have delayed maturity and decreased straw and grain yields as well as total phytomass of oats on the two soil types. The dry weight of weeds in un weeded pots increased slightly. The effect of hand-weeding on oats was especially noticeable on the St-André sandy loam where three times as many weeds were observed. The straw yield and the total phytomass of oats were higher in the field experiment following an early seeding of oats on both soil types. On the other hand, grain yield was lower on plots seeded early and located on St-André sandy loam while the opposite was true on Kamouraska clay. The dry weight of weeds was lower on unweeded plots seeded early. The weeds reduced straw and grain yields on the St-André sandy loam but had no effect on Kamouraska clay because of the low weed infestation on the latter. The greenhouse and field experiments suggest that soil temperature is not the main factor in explaining the increase in grain yield observed with early-seeded cereals.

Effects of CCC on Bread Wheat in Kenya

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Seitzer
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SUMMARYCCC applied to bread wheat, in 1967 and 1968 as a foliar spray at 1·40 and 2·28 kg./ha. a.i., prevented and/or delayed lodging to some extent. However, this effect was small and complete control of lodging seems to be unlikely, even when using large amounts. CCC increased grain yields, by 1·5 to 10·9 qu./ha., depending on the extent to which lodging was reduced. Significant depressions in yield were obtained, presumably owing to an observed increase incidence in ear diseases, particularly Septoria nodorum. The increase in grain yield was due mainly to an increase in 1000 grain weight and grains per ear, whereas the effect on tillers per unit area was slightly negative. Where no lodging occurred, there was a slight but non-significant tendency for increasing grain yields after CCC treatment.

Effects of sowing technique on yield formation of Vicia faba as affected by population density, sowing date and plant type

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Stützel ◽  
W. Aufhammer ◽  
A. Löber
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Field Emergence

SUMMARYField experiments were carried out in which three different sowing techniques: sowing by hand, with a conventional seed drill and with a precision drill, were used to plant an indeterminate and a determinate cultivar of Vicia faba at two sowing dates and at three population densities in 1989 and 1990 in Southern Germany.Delayed sowing reduced field emergence rates in both years. Hand sowing produced the poorest stands in some instances due to an insufficient sowing depth being achieved. Only at late sowing dates did precision drilling give greater field emergence rates than conventional drilling. During the early stages of growth, hand and precision sowing resulted in crops with the greatest light interception and dry matter production. However, these differences between sowing techniques decreased later on. Lodging was most severe in conventionally drilled crops, particularly at high population density. Thus, when lodging occurred, dry matter and grain yields decreased with increasing plant density in conventional sowings, although they tended to increase in hand-sown and precision-drilled crops. Overall, apart from this interaction, there was no significant effect of sowing technique on grain yield. Grain yields and dry matter production were generally higher in the indeterminate cultivar Herz Freya than in the determinate cultivar Ticol, but there were no differential effects of sowing technique.

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