The impact of stem galls induced by Hemadas nubilipennis Ashmead on shoot characteristics of lowbush blueberry

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-408
Author(s):  
D. I. Hayman ◽  
K. E. MacKenzie ◽  
E. G. Reekie
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Economic Loss

The effect of galls induced by Hemadas nubilipennis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on the morphology and reproduction of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) was studied over two seasons in three Nova Scotia blueberry fields. Comparisons of galled and non-galled shoot characteristics, and position on shoots of galls formed in the years of vegetative and reproductive growth were made. In June 1999, 30 newly galled vegetative shoots were arbitrarily selected, tagged and measured along with similar sized non-galled shoots on the galled clone and a neighbouring non-galled clone. Shoot characteristics were measured in the reproductive season during bloom and after harvest. At two sites, the dry weights of leaves and stems on galled shoots measured in the reproductive season were significantly less than non-galled shoots, but at a third site there was no difference in stem allocation. Galls reduced berry production on shoots at two sites. Proportions of terminally positioned galls differed significantly among study sites in the reproductive season. Shoots with terminal galls were significantly shorter, lighter and allocated less weight to leaves and stems than shoots with basally positioned galls. If the reports of increasing gall populations in Nova Scotia during the 1990s are correct, there may be good reason to believe that there will be significant economic loss of blueberries in the future. Key words: Gall, blueberry (lowbush), Hemadas nubilipennis, Vaccinium angustifolium

Studies on the flowering biology of red sorrel (Rumex acetosella) ramets from lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fields in Nova Scotia, Canada

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott N. White ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Rene C. Van Acker ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Flowering Response ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Rumex Acetosella

Red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.) is a ramet-producing herbaceous creeping perennial species commonly found as a weed in commercially managed lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) fields in Nova Scotia, Canada. Flowering and seed production occur primarily in overwintering ramets of this species, indicating a potential vernalization requirement for flowering. This study was therefore initiated to examine the role of vernalization, photoperiod, and pre-vernalization stimulus on ramet flowering. Red sorrel ramets propagated from creeping roots and seeds collected from established red sorrel populations in lowbush blueberry had an obligate requirement for vernalization to flower. Ramet populations maintained under pre- and post-vernalization photoperiods of 16 h flowered following 12 weeks of vernalization at 4 ± 0.1 °C, whereas those maintained under constant 16, 14, or 8 h photoperiods without vernalization did not flower. Vernalization for 10 weeks maximized, but did not saturate, the flowering response. Pre-vernalization photoperiod affected flowering response, with increased flowering frequency observed in ramet populations exposed to decreasing, rather than constant, photoperiod prior to vernalization. This study represents the first attempt to determine the combined effects of vernalization and photoperiod on red sorrel flowering, and the results provide a benchmark for the future study of flowering and sexual reproduction in this economically important perennial weed species.

Long-term effects of herbicide and fertilizers on lowbush blueberry growth and production

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth

Effects of herbicide and herbicide-fertilizer combinations on vegetative and reproductive growth of the lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) were assessed over a 12-yr period (six production cycles). All treatments stimulated stem lengths, fruit buds per stem and fresh fruit yields compared with untreated controls, but only after 3–6 yr. After the second cycle, stem lengths and fruit bud numbers were greater in herbicide + NPK-treated plants than in all others. Fresh fruit yields were variable throughout the study but were higher in herbicide and herbicide + fertilizer plots than in untreated controls after 1982, except in 1988. Nitrogen levels were greater in leaves and rhizomes of plants in all herbicide and herbicide + fertilizer plots than in control plots after 10 yr, whereas phosphorus was higher only in plants fertilized with NPK. These results suggest the lowbush blueberry responds slowly to herbicide and fertilizer applications. Increased vegetative and reproductive development, as well as denser plant stands, resulted from repeated herbicide and fertilizer applications. Fertilizers applied in conjunction with herbicides stimulate vegetative growth (and fruit buds if an NPK fertilizer), but appear to have no consistent effect on fresh fruit yields. Key words:Vaccinium angustifolium, fertilizer, herbicide, fruit buds, yield

Antimicrobial resistance and prudent drug use forStreptococcus suis

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma P. Varela ◽  
Pierre Gadbois ◽  
Claude Thibault ◽  
Marcelo Gottschalk ◽  
Paul Dick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Unique Mechanism ◽  
Significant Economic Loss ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis paper reviews information on antimicrobial resistance patterns and prudent use of antimicrobials to reduce the impact and spread of resistantStreptococcus suisstrains.S. suisis an important pathogen in swine, which can cause significant economic loss. Prudent use of antimicrobials forS. suisis essential to preserve the therapeutic efficacy of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and to minimize selection of resistantS. suisstrains. Resistance ofS. suisto antimicrobials commonly used in swine, including lincosamides, macrolides, sulphonamides, and tetracycline, has been documented worldwide, with resistance in up to 85% of strains. Among antimicrobials examined, resistance ofS. suishas been demonstrated to be relatively low for penicillin (0–27%), ampicillin (0.6–23%), and ceftiofur (0–23%). For penicillin, this result may be due in part to the unique mechanism by which resistance is acquired through modifications in the structure of penicillin-binding proteins. Recommendations to controlS. suisinfection include focused and careful choice and appropriate use of antimicrobials, together with preventive measures intended to improve swine management.

LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY PRODUCTION IN EASTERN CANADA AS RELATED TO CERTAIN WEATHER DATA

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. HALL ◽  
L. E. AALDERS ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

Production of lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. and V. myrtilloides Michx.) was found to be significantly correlated with June rain in Newfoundland and with June sunshine and temperature in Nova Scotia. When the data were combined for five provinces over 27 yr, no variables were of consistent value in predicting lowbush blueberry production.

scholarly journals Effects of deicing salt on lowbush blueberry flowering and yield

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Eaton ◽  
Jeff Hoyle ◽  
Andrew King
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Road Salt ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Deicing Salt ◽  
Salt Damage ◽  
The Road ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

The effects of deicing salt (NaCl) on buds, blossoms and yields of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) were assessed over 3 yr in two commercial fields adjacent to a major Nova Scotia highway. Concentrations of road salt on exposed stems were highest next to the highway, and decreased with distance from the road. Numbers of blossoms, and subsequent fruit yields were low nearest the road, and increased with distance from the highway. Numbers of live blueberry buds and blossoms, and subsequent yields, were inversely related to concentrations of road salt on the stems. Plants under plastic shelters placed near the highway had more live buds and blossoms, as well as higher yields relative to plants exposed to deicing salt. Key words: Vaccinium, sodium chloride, salt damage, desiccation

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS: 16. Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
IVAN V. HALL ◽  
LEWIS E. AALDERS ◽  
C. FRED EVERETT
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Central Portion ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult., sweet-fern (Myricaceae), is a weed of pastures, Jack-pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stands, and lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. and V. myrtilloides Michx.) fields of Eastern Canada. It is particularly prevalent on light sandy gleysolic and luvisolic soils from Nova Scotia in the east to the Ontario–Manitoba border in the central portion of Canada. The pruning of shoots by cutting or burning merely stimulates growth of dormant buds on the rhizome. Reproduction is also by seeds that are produced on bur-like inflorescences. Fortunately, this species is quite susceptible to several herbicides such as 2,4–D, dicamba and picloram.

CHIGNECTO LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1217-1218
Author(s):  
IVAN V. HALL ◽  
LEWIS E. AALDERS ◽  
LLOYD P. JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Cumberland County ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

Chignecto lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) is a selection from a native stand of lowbush blueberries in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia. It is somewhat less productive than Augusta and Brunswick, but very easy to propagate and grows more vigorously than the two previously named cultivars.

scholarly journals 320 Does Water Availability Influence Photosynthesis and Yield Components of the Lowbush Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)?

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 498A-498
Author(s):  
V.M. Glass ◽  
D.C. Percival ◽  
J.T.A. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Zone Length ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

Drought is the most limiting factor of crops worldwide. Sound management of any crop is based on a knowledge of its physiology as well as response to drought. Therefore, water use management has become an agricultural priority, with increased research focusing on plant growth and yield under limited water conditions. The lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) is the most important horticultural crop in Nova Scotia in acreage, export sales, and value to the economy. A study initiated at the Nova Scotia Wild Blueberry Inst., Debert (45°26′N, 63°27′W), N.S., during the 1998 growing season investigated the effects of water availability on the growth and development of the lowbush blueberry. Treatments consisting of supplemental irrigation (i), drought stress (d), and a control (c) were applied to plants in their cropping phase of production. Net photosynthetic rates (Pn) were highest during bloom (i: 11.9, d: 9.7, c: 9.8 μmol·m-2·s-1) and then declined throughout the season. No significant (P = 0.05) treatment effect on Pn was observed. Stem sample analysis before harvest showed no significant differences (P = 0.05) between stem length, node number, flowering node number, flowering zone length, or number of fruit per stem. Samples from 1-m2 quadrats indicated the drought-stressed plots produced the lowest yield (378 g·m-2) compared with the supplemental irrigation (449 g·m-2) or control (512 g·m-2) plots. Results from this study suggest drought stress on the lowbush blueberry does not produce significant differences in the number of fruit set; it does result in smaller fruit.

Weed Survey of Nova Scotia Lowbush Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) Fields

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin V. McCully ◽  
M. Glen Sampson ◽  
Alan K. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Weed Survey

A weed survey of 115 Nova Scotia lowbush blueberry fields was conducted during the summers of 1984 and 1985 to determine the most common and prevalent weeds associated with blueberry production. A total of 119 weed species were observed within the surveyed blueberry fields. The most common weed species were bunchberry, colonial bentgrass, poverty oatgrass, sheep sorrel, and false lily-of-the-valley. Weeds with low relative abundance in this study, but which may become more widespread, include three-toothed cinquefoil, Kentucky bluegrass, hair fescue, canker-root, and Canadian St. Johnswort.

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