Long-term effects of herbicide and fertilizers on lowbush blueberry growth and production

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth

Effects of herbicide and herbicide-fertilizer combinations on vegetative and reproductive growth of the lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) were assessed over a 12-yr period (six production cycles). All treatments stimulated stem lengths, fruit buds per stem and fresh fruit yields compared with untreated controls, but only after 3–6 yr. After the second cycle, stem lengths and fruit bud numbers were greater in herbicide + NPK-treated plants than in all others. Fresh fruit yields were variable throughout the study but were higher in herbicide and herbicide + fertilizer plots than in untreated controls after 1982, except in 1988. Nitrogen levels were greater in leaves and rhizomes of plants in all herbicide and herbicide + fertilizer plots than in control plots after 10 yr, whereas phosphorus was higher only in plants fertilized with NPK. These results suggest the lowbush blueberry responds slowly to herbicide and fertilizer applications. Increased vegetative and reproductive development, as well as denser plant stands, resulted from repeated herbicide and fertilizer applications. Fertilizers applied in conjunction with herbicides stimulate vegetative growth (and fruit buds if an NPK fertilizer), but appear to have no consistent effect on fresh fruit yields. Key words:Vaccinium angustifolium, fertilizer, herbicide, fruit buds, yield

Long-term effects of burn-pruning on lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) production

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Penney ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
A. F. Rayment
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Yield Decrease

Burning is a pruning technique used to improve productivity of lowbush blueberry fields. Growers, however, are concerned that continuing and frequent burning might reduce production and eventually destroy blueberry fields. To assess the effect of long-term spring burn-pruning on blueberry production and the surface organic layer, 2-, 3- and 4-yr burning cycles were studied for 24 yr on a previously unfertilized natural stand of lowbush blueberry. Mean annual yield (averaged over burn and crop years) decreased with increases in the interval between burning due to decreased production in the second and third crop years following burning. Yield in the third crop year was similar to that from the unburned check plots. There was no significant yield decrease between the first 12 yr (period 1) and the second 12 yr (period 2) of production for the 2-yr cycle, but there were declines for the 3- and 4-yr cycles due mainly to lower yields in the second crop. Lower second-crop yields in the second period was attributed to damage by the blueberry leaftier (Croesia curvalana Kft.). Mean annual ripe fruit yields for the 2-, 3- and 4-yr cycles and unburned check were 473, 458, 335 and 109 kg ha−1, respectively, in period 1 and 478, 340, 277 and 38 kg ha−1, respectively, in period 2. Burning did not decrease the depth of the surface organic layer. Key words: Lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium, burning, pruning, organic matter, yield, berry weight, flower buds, residual maximum likelihood

INORGANIC NITROGEN LEVELS AND NITRIFICATION POTENTIAL IN LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY SOILS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARD J. EATON ◽  
DAVID G. PATRIQUIN
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

Soil ammonium and nitrate in the top 15 cm of soil were monitored after application of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate to plots at 14 PF (previously fertilized) and 12 NF (never fertilized) lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) stands representing a range of soil types and management histories. Overall, nitrate values in unfertilized and ammonium sulfate plots were higher at PF than at NF sites, suggesting greater nitrification at PF sites. In laboratory incubation studies, nitrification proceeded immediately in soil from a PF site, but only after a 4-wk lag in that from an adjacent NF site. Nitrification rates were low compared to that in a garden soil (pH 6.6). N-Serve inhibited nitrification in both soils. In ammonium nitrate plots, "excess" N values (N values in fertilized plots minus values in unfertilized plots) were higher for PF than for NF sites, suggesting greater immobilization, plant uptake or loss of N at NF sites. There was no evidence, in laboratory studies, of immobilization of added N by soil from either type of site. Rhizome N concentration increased significantly in response to fertilization at an NF site, but not at a PF site. Key words: Blueberry (lowbush), fertilizer and soil nitrogen

The impact of stem galls induced by Hemadas nubilipennis Ashmead on shoot characteristics of lowbush blueberry

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-408
Author(s):  
D. I. Hayman ◽  
K. E. MacKenzie ◽  
E. G. Reekie
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Economic Loss

The effect of galls induced by Hemadas nubilipennis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on the morphology and reproduction of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) was studied over two seasons in three Nova Scotia blueberry fields. Comparisons of galled and non-galled shoot characteristics, and position on shoots of galls formed in the years of vegetative and reproductive growth were made. In June 1999, 30 newly galled vegetative shoots were arbitrarily selected, tagged and measured along with similar sized non-galled shoots on the galled clone and a neighbouring non-galled clone. Shoot characteristics were measured in the reproductive season during bloom and after harvest. At two sites, the dry weights of leaves and stems on galled shoots measured in the reproductive season were significantly less than non-galled shoots, but at a third site there was no difference in stem allocation. Galls reduced berry production on shoots at two sites. Proportions of terminally positioned galls differed significantly among study sites in the reproductive season. Shoots with terminal galls were significantly shorter, lighter and allocated less weight to leaves and stems than shoots with basally positioned galls. If the reports of increasing gall populations in Nova Scotia during the 1990s are correct, there may be good reason to believe that there will be significant economic loss of blueberries in the future. Key words: Gall, blueberry (lowbush), Hemadas nubilipennis, Vaccinium angustifolium

scholarly journals Does water deficit negatively impact wine grape yield over the long term?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Levin ◽  
Alain Deloire ◽  
Gregory A. Gambetta
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Woody Perennial ◽  
Grape Yield

Like many other woody perennial crops, grapevine reproductive development occurs over a two-year cycle. Given that water deficits are commonplace in viticulture, especially for red wine grape production, this raises questions about how water deficit in the current season could potentially impact yields the following year. This article will focus on the long-term effects of water deficits on grapevine yield.

scholarly journals Long term effects of nitrogen and water supply on confered vigour and yield by SO4 and Riparia gloire de Montpellier rootstocks

OENO One ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pascal Tandonnet ◽  
Jean-Pierre Soyer ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gaudillère ◽  
Stéphanie Decroocq ◽  
Louis Bordenave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: the present study was designed to test the hypothesis according to which rootstock effects on scion growth and yield are related to fundamental physiological traits which are expressed consistently and independently of environmental conditions.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Pruning weights and yield components from two independent rootstock experiments are reported. In the first experiment, the effect of two levels (30 and 70 kgN/ha/year) was studied during 15 years on Cabernet-Sauvignon vines grafted onto SO4 and Riparia Gloire de Montpellier (RGM). In the second one, Cabernet-Sauvignon and Merlot vines grafted on SO4 and RGM were submitted to two levels of soil fertility shortly after plantation: control and high (100 kgN/ha/year + irrigation) and data from the plantation to year 6 were recorded. In both experiments, vine vigour and yield were significantly affected by rootstocks and fertilisation/irrigation treatments. No interaction was recorded. The devigorating effect of RGM in comparison to SO4 was observed in both experiments, regardless of other parameters. Cabernet-Sauvignon was more affected by rootstock than Merlot.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Rootstock effects on vine vegetative and reproductive development were consistently expressed, indicating that scion-rootstock interactions are governed not only by adaptative, but also by specific physiological traits.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of study</strong>: This work provides information on scion-rootstock interactions which may be useful in rootstock breeding programs and may help to better choose the rootstock according to the scion and the environment.</p>

Effect of cattle slurry fractions on nitrogen mineralization in soil

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Diaz-Fierros ◽  
M. Carmen Villar ◽  
F. Gil ◽  
M. Carballas ◽  
M. Carmen Leiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fraction ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Cumulative Curve ◽  
Mineralization Processes

SummaryThe mineralization kinetics of nitrogen in acid soils, and their modification by the addition of an organic fertilizer (cattle slurry), were studied by incubating a humic cambisol for 36 weeks using a method based on that of Keeney & Bremner (1967). The cumulative curve of the quantity of nitrogen mineralized in soil not given fertilizer departs significantly from Stanford's theoretical model, which predicts linear dependence of nitrogen mineralized upon √t. The observed kinetics are interpreted as due to the superposition of two mineralization processes involving different substrates.The cumulative mineralized nitrogen curves for soil samples enriched with the various slurry fractions likewise reflect complex kinetics involving at least two main substrates. Consideration of the net mineralized nitrogen shows that F,, the solid fraction with the highest C/N ratio, clearly induced immobilization of nitrogen during the first 130 days of incubation, and analysis of the NO3/NH4 ratio suggests that this immobilization was probably at the expense of nitrate. F3, the liquid fraction, first induced a brief period of mineralization and then stabilized nitrogen levels, giving rise to a reduction in net mineralized nitrogen. The addition to the soil of F2, the semi-liquid fraction, produced results intermediate between those of the other two fractions.In conclusion, the increase in organic nitrogen in the soil after addition of cattle slurry depends in the short term on the liquid and semi-liquid fractions, whereas long-term effects involve both the stable residues of these fractions and the more solid fraction. The labile fraction of the pool of mineralizable N benefits more than the recalcitrant fraction, and the time constants of the mineralization process are reduced.

scholarly journals Formation of cover, yield and low winter temperature tolerance of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) on the cutover raised-bog peatlands of Belarusian Lakeland

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleh Marozau ◽  
D Gordej
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Raised Bog ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
The North ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Introduction Experiment ◽  
High Level

A long-term introduction experiment conducted in 2009–2016 revealed that in the harshest weather conditions of the northern part of Belarus associated with a difficult environmental situation on a trial area, including weakly-decomposed acid sphagnum peat and the deficiency of artificial watering, lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) due to the significant tolerance to abiotic factors of the environment completely fulfills its bioproductive potential. It is clear, in particular, through the formation of a continuous berry bush cover and its high resistance to cold. A sustainable cultivated phytocenosis forms. It protects a peat substrate from fires, water and wind erosions, and has a high level of positive dynamism of berry productivity during the whole period of record. It proves the appropriateness of the ecological-biological type of the species to the extreme weather and ecological conditions of the experiment. However, lowbush blueberry needs an optimization of mineral nutrition. The implementation of this condition is a guaranty of successful introduction of the plant on the cutover raised-bog peatlands in the North of Belarus.

A comparison of first and second cropping years of Nova Scotia lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium) Ait.

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Christopher Jordan ◽  
Leonard J. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
First Year ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Lower Productivity

Traditional lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) production is based on a biennial management system with vegetative growth occurring the first year and fruit development and harvest in the second. An alternative to this management system is the 3-yr system (second-cropping) which is characterized by 2 cropping years/cycle. This study was initiated to quantify differences in vegetative and reproductive development between first and second cropping years of the lowbush blueberry and to determine why there are lower second crop yields. Second crops averaged 70% of first crop yields. Second crop plants had longer stems and higher branch numbers than first crop plants. Although both cropping years produced equal numbers of flower buds/stem, second crops had fewer blossoms/bud, blossoms/stem, set fruit, and berries/stem, resulting in lower fresh and dry weights of fruit/stem in second crop fields. Slower growth rate, fewer blossoms/bud, smaller leaf area/stem, and lower productivity of the second cropping year suggest that second crop stems have fewer resources available to achieve the same production level as first crop stems. Key words: Lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium, 3-year management, second-cropping

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

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