Effects of source and placement of phosphorus on concentration of cadmium in the grain of two durum wheat cultivars

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Selles ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
C. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphorus Source

Cadmium is toxic to humans. Because it enters the food chain through plant uptake, application of phosphorus fertilizer carrying Cd as an impurity may increase the Cd concentration of cereal grains above proposed threshold values. Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of two phosphorus fertilizers on Cd concentration of two durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) cultivars, a low Cd accumulator (Arcola) and a high accumulator (Kyle) grown in two soils of southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada. Phosphorus was applied as monoammonium phosphate (15 mg Cd kg-1) and as triple superphosphate (75 mg Cd kg-1) at a rate of 18 kg P ha-1. The fertilizer was applied in a mid-row band or in the seed row. Nitrogen was applied as urea or as ammonium sulphate. Variability in Cd concentration was at tributed primarily to genotype and environment, which accounted for 41% and 29% of the explained variability, respectively. The Cd concentration of Arcola averaged 80 µg kg-1, while that of Kyle averaged 143 µg kg-1. In contrast, fertilization accounted for only a small proportion of the explained variability, with phosphorus treatments accounting for 3% of the model sums of squares, and N sources accounting for less than 1%. Phosphorus fertilization increased the Cd concentration of Arcola, regardless of source or placement, but the proportion of samples with Cd concentration above 100 µg kg-1 remained unchanged at 17%. In the case of Kyle the Cd concentration increased only when the fertilizer was seed-placed, but in this case the proportion of samples with Cd concentration above 100 µg kg-1 increased from 67 to 90%. The effect of P appeared to result from the effects of fertilizer on plant density and vigour rather than from Cd impurities in the fertilizer. Key words: Cadmium concentration, cadmium uptake, durum wheat, fertilization, phosphorus, fertilizer placement, phosphorus source

Transcend Durum wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Singh ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Concentration Test

Singh, A. K., Clarke, J. M., Knox, R. E., DePauw, R. M., McCaig, T. N., Fernandez, M. R. and Clarke, F. R. 2012. Transcend durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 809–813. Transcend durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. It combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, yellow grain and dough pigment, and low grain cadmium concentration. Transcend has strong straw, slightly more days to maturity, and improved Fusarium head blight resistance compared to Strongfield.

Brigade durum wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Better Than

Brigade durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. It combines yield similar to the checks, very strong gluten, and low grain cadmium concentration. Brigade has better straw strength than Strongfield, slightly later maturity, and Fusarium head blight resistance better than other currently registered Canadian durum cultivars.Key words: Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn., durum wheat, cultivar description, yield, protein, disease resistance

scholarly journals Adaptive Traits to Improve Durum Wheat Yield in Drought and Crown Rot Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Alahmad ◽  
Yichen Kang ◽  
Eric Dinglasan ◽  
Elisabetta Mazzucotelli ◽  
Kai P. Voss-Fels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Stay Green

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) production can experience significant yield losses due to crown rot (CR) disease. Losses are usually exacerbated when disease infection coincides with terminal drought. Durum wheat is very susceptible to CR, and resistant germplasm is not currently available in elite breeding pools. We hypothesize that deploying physiological traits for drought adaptation, such as optimal root system architecture to reduce water stress, might minimize losses due to CR infection. This study evaluated a subset of lines from a nested association mapping population for stay-green traits, CR incidence and yield in field experiments as well as root traits under controlled conditions. Weekly measurements of normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) in the field were used to model canopy senescence and to determine stay-green traits for each genotype. Genome-wide association studies using DArTseq molecular markers identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosome 6B (qCR-6B) associated with CR tolerance and stay-green. We explored the value of qCR-6B and a major QTL for root angle QTL qSRA-6A using yield datasets from six rainfed environments, including two environments with high CR disease pressure. In the absence of CR, the favorable allele for qSRA-6A provided an average yield advantage of 0.57 t·ha−1, whereas in the presence of CR, the combination of favorable alleles for both qSRA-6A and qCR-6B resulted in a yield advantage of 0.90 t·ha−1. Results of this study highlight the value of combining above- and belowground physiological traits to enhance yield potential. We anticipate that these insights will assist breeders to design improved durum varieties that mitigate production losses due to water deficit and CR.

scholarly journals Phosphorus fertilization with enhanced efficiency in soybean and corn crops

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Luiz A. Zanão Jr ◽  
Orivaldo Arf ◽  
Roberto dos A. Reis Jr ◽  
Natalia Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer ◽  
High Yields

Due to the low natural availability of phosphorus (P) in tropical soils and the plant’s need for P, the use of phosphorus fertilizers of increased efficiency is an important tool for achieving high yields. The aims of this study were to evaluate plant growth, foliar P content and yield of soybean and corn crops in different seasons and places in response to P rates and sources. The sources of P were monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and Policote coated MAP (Policote+MAP). Field experiments were carried out comparing MAP performance compared to Policote coated MAP (MAP+Policote), an additive based on water soluble polymers. Experiments formed by P sources (MAP including 11% N, 52% P2O5 and MAP+Policote including 10% N, 49% P2O5) and rates were carried out in soybean and corn crops in different dates and sites. In the soybean crop, a (2x4) +1 factorial was used, comprising of two sources such as MAP and MAP+Policote and four rates of P (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 of P2O5), besides the control. For corn, a (2x5) factorial was used, including two sources and five rates of P (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 of P2O5). The results showed that phosphorus fertilization would increase soybean and corn plant heights and yields in different seasons and places. Soybean and corn yield and agronomic phosphorus use efficiency were higher with Policote coated phosphorus fertilizer than with conventional phosphorus fertilizer. Policote coated phosphorus fertilizer can be used as an enhanced efficiency fertilizer because it increased soybean and corn yields in different seasons and places.

AAC Marchwell durum wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Singh ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
I. Wise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Production Area ◽  
End Use

Singh, A. K, Clarke, J. M., Knox, R. E., DePauw, R. M., Wise, I., Thomas, J., McCaig, T. N., Cuthbert, R. D., Clarke, F. R. and Fernandez, M.R. 2015. AAC Marchwell durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 189–195. AAC Marchwell durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of th Canadian prairies. AAC Marchwell is the first durum genotype registered for commercial production in Canada with the Sm1 gene for antibiosis-based resistance to orange wheat blossom midge [Sitodiplosis modellana (Gehin)]. It combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, yellow pigment, test weight, and low grain cadmium concentration. AAC Marchwell has similar straw strength, plant height, and days to maturity as Strongfield. AAC Marchwell is resistant to leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust, common bunt, loose smut, and common root rot. AAC Marchwell has end use quality suitable for the Canada Western Amber Durum class.

Effect of zinc on cadmium concentration in the tissue of durum wheat

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Choudhary ◽  
L D. Bailey ◽  
C. A. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Chamber Study ◽  
Soil Temperatures

The addition of zinc at 20 mg kg−1 to soils in a growth chamber study reduced the shoot Cd concentration of two durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) lines at 10 °C, 16 °C, and 22 °C soil temperatures while additions of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and monoammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4) increased shoot Cd concentrations. Applying Zn with NH4NO3 or NH4H2PO4 reduced shoot Cd concentrations of the plants to levels comparable to the control. Key words: Cd, durum wheat, ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, Zn

Enterprise durum wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K Singh ◽  
J M Clarke ◽  
R M DePauw ◽  
R E Knox ◽  
F R Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Concentration Test

Enterprise durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. It combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, yellow grain pigment, and low grain cadmium concentration. Enterprise has slightly weaker straw strength, similar days to maturity, and improved fusarium head blight resistance compared with strongfield. Key words: Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn., durum wheat, cultivar description, grain yield, yellow pigment, cadmium

Forty-six years of genetic improvement in Canadian durum wheat cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Clarke ◽  
F.R. Clarke ◽  
C.J. Pozniak
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Production Area

The first durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] cultivar developed in Canada was Stewart 63, registered in 1963. The objective of this paper is to document genetic progress in Canadian durum cultivars since that time. The genetic potential for grain yield in the main durum production area increased by about 0.7% per year and shows no sign of tapering off. This genetic potential has been captured in commercial farm yields, which increased by 1.5% per year during the same period. Grain protein concentration tended to increase slightly over the same time period because of the requirement for minimum protein concentration for cultivar release in Canada. Based on a study of two unselected doubled haploid populations, it was estimated that genetic gain for grain yield was reduced by 8 to 15% because of the negative correlation of protein concentration with yield. Yellow pigment concentration of semolina increased during the study period, especially after the mid 1990s, when higher pigment became an important breeding target. Gluten strength has also been increased since the mid 1990s. Grain cadmium concentration was reduced by about 50% to satisfy the requirements of certain export markets. Resistance to leaf and stem rust was maintained in all cultivars released since Stewart 63. In the past 10 yr, breeding has exploited genetic variation in resistance to Fusarium head blight to produce cultivars such as Brigade and CDC Verona with intermediate levels of resistance. There appears to be remaining genetic variability for all major traits in lines currently in registration trials.

scholarly journals Cadmium and Zinc Concentration in Grain of Durum Wheat in Relation to Phosphorus Fertilization, Crop Sequence and Tillage Management

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Gao ◽  
Cynthia A. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crop Sequence

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Manitoba, Canada, to determine the effect of crop rotation, phosphorus (P) fertilization and tillage on grain yield and grain concentrations of Cd and Zn in durum wheat (Triticum durumL.). Compared to conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) management decreased grain Cd and increased grain yield and grain Zn in half of the site-years. The type of preceding crops of spring wheat-flax or canola-flax had little influence. Rate and timing of P application had little effect on grain Cd, but increasing P rate tended to decrease grain Zn. No interactive effect was detected among tested factors. Grain Zn was not related to grain Cd, but positively to other nutrients such as Fe, Mn, P, Ca, K, and Mg. Both grain Zn and Fe correlated positively with grain protein content, suggesting protein may represent a sink for micronutrients. The study suggested that the tillage management may have beneficial effects on both grain yield and quality. Phosphorus fertilizer can remain available for subsequent crops and high annual inputs in the crop sequence may decrease crop grain Zn. Understanding the environment is important in determining the impact of agricultural management on agronomic and nutrient traits.

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