scholarly journals Boundary Quotient -algebras of Products of Odometers

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Dilian Yang

AbstractIn this paper, we study the boundary quotient $\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebras associated with products of odometers. One of our main results shows that the boundary quotient $\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra of the standard product of $k$ odometers over $n_{i}$-letter alphabets $(1\leqslant i\leqslant k)$ is always nuclear, and that it is a UCT Kirchberg algebra if and only if $\{\ln n_{i}:1\leqslant i\leqslant k\}$ is rationally independent, if and only if the associated single-vertex $k$-graph $\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra is simple. To achieve this, one of our main steps is to construct a topological $k$-graph such that its associated Cuntz–Pimsner $\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra is isomorphic to the boundary quotient $\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra. Some relations between the boundary quotient $\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra and the $\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra $\text{Q}_{\mathbb{N}}$ introduced by Cuntz are also investigated.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lacosse ◽  
Klaus Scheffler ◽  
Gabriele Lohmann ◽  
Georg Martius

AbstractCognitive fMRI research primarily relies on task-averaged responses over many subjects to describe general principles of brain function. Nonetheless, there exists a large variability between subjects that is also reflected in spontaneous brain activity as measured by resting state fMRI (rsfMRI). Leveraging this fact, several recent studies have therefore aimed at predicting task activation from rsfMRI using various machine learning methods within a growing literature on ‘connectome fingerprinting’. In reviewing these results, we found lack of an evaluation against robust baselines that reliably supports a novelty of predictions for this task. On closer examination to reported methods, we found most underperform against trivial baseline model performances based on massive group averaging when whole-cortex prediction is considered. Here we present a modification to published methods that remedies this problem to large extent. Our proposed modification is based on a single-vertex approach that replaces commonly used brain parcellations. We further provide a summary of this model evaluation by characterizing empirical properties of where prediction for this task appears possible, explaining why some predictions largely fail for certain targets. Finally, with these empirical observations we investigate whether individual prediction scores explain individual behavioral differences in a task.


Author(s):  
Samuel Humphries ◽  
Trevor Parker ◽  
Bryan Jonas ◽  
Bryan Adams ◽  
Nicholas J Clark

Quick identification of building and roads is critical for execution of tactical US military operations in an urban environment. To this end, a gridded, referenced, satellite images of an objective, often referred to as a gridded reference graphic or GRG, has become a standard product developed during intelligence preparation of the environment. At present, operational units identify key infrastructure by hand through the work of individual intelligence officers. Recent advances in Convolutional Neural Networks, however, allows for this process to be streamlined through the use of object detection algorithms. In this paper, we describe an object detection algorithm designed to quickly identify and label both buildings and road intersections present in an image. Our work leverages both the U-Net architecture as well the SpaceNet data corpus to produce an algorithm that accurately identifies a large breadth of buildings and different types of roads. In addition to predicting buildings and roads, our model numerically labels each building by means of a contour finding algorithm. Most importantly, the dual U-Net model is capable of predicting buildings and roads on a diverse set of test images and using these predictions to produce clean GRGs.


Cerâmica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (333) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Prestes ◽  
A. S. A. Chinelatto ◽  
W. S. Resende

Burned magnesia-chromite bricks are the standard product for the lining of furnaces in lead industry, where the short service life is a great problem. Used sintered magnesia-chromite brick sample from short rotary furnace lining, sent by a secondary lead manufacturer, showed parallel cracks to the hot face due to structural spalling damage. The refractory infiltrated region and slag interface were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectroscopy analyzer, and X-ray diffraction powder analysis. Crucible corrosion test was performed to evaluate the influence of slag attack. The results showed that the structural spalling was due to strong Pb-infiltration of the refractory microstructure by bath components of the furnace (metallic lead and lead sulphite) during the reduction process and that the slag infiltration had little contribution due to the good resistance of the magnesia-chromite bricks to FeO rich slag attack.


Author(s):  
Є. В. Зінченко

Наведено результати досліджень щодо лежкостіплодів баклажана різних підвидів та сортотипів,що зберігалися в різних умовах і видах упаковки.Виявлено умови зберігання баклажана, що забезпе-чують найменші природні втрати маси плодів табільший вихід стандартної продукції. Вивченовплив способів зберігання плодів баклажана різнихпідвидів та сортотипів на їх хімічний склад післякожного терміну зберігання. Доведено ефектив-ність використання різних видів упаковки та умовзберігання для конкретного дослідного сорту. The brought results over of safety garden-stuffs of eggplantof different subspecies’s and type of sort, that keptunder various conditions and types of container. Foundout the optimal terms of storage of egg-plant with theminimum natural losses of mass of garden-stuffs and tothe greater standard product output. Ways of storage offruits of an eggplant of different subspecies and type ofsort, and their influence on a chemical compound aftereach period of storage are studied. Efficiency of use ofdifferent kinds of packing and storage conditions for aconcrete investigated grade is proved.


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iolanda Ialongo ◽  
Jay Herman ◽  
Nick Krotkov ◽  
Lok Lamsal ◽  
Folkert Boersma ◽  
...  

Abstract. We present the comparison of satellite-based OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) NO2 products with ground-based observations in Helsinki. OMI NO2 total columns, available from standard product (SP) and DOMINO algorithm, are compared with the measurements performed by the Pandora spectrometer in Helsinki in 2012. The relative difference between Pandora #21 and OMI SP retrievals is 4 % and −6 % for clear sky and all sky conditions, respectively. DOMINO NO2 retrievals showed slightly lower total columns with median differences about −5 % and −14 % for clear sky and all sky conditions, respectively. Large differences often correspond to cloudy autumn-winter days with solar zenith angles above 65°. Nevertheless, the differences remain within the retrieval uncertainties. Furthermore, the weekly and seasonal cycles from OMI, Pandora and NO2 surface concentrations are compared. Both satellite- and ground-based data show a similar weekly cycle, with lower NO2 levels during the weekend compared to the weekdays as result of reduced emissions from traffic and industrial activities. Also the seasonal cycle shows a similar behaviour, even though the results are affected by the fact that most of the data are available during spring-summer because of cloud cover in other seasons. This is one of few works in which OMI NO2 retrievals are evaluated in a urban site at high latitudes (60° N). Despite the city of Helsinki having relatively small pollution sources, OMI retrievals have proved to be able to describe air quality features and variability similar to surface observations. This adds confidence in using satellite observations for air quality monitoring also at high latitudes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-242
Author(s):  
Mostafa Haghir Chehreghani ◽  
Albert Bifet ◽  
Talel Abdessalem

Graphs (networks) are an important tool to model data in different domains. Realworld graphs are usually directed, where the edges have a direction and they are not symmetric. Betweenness centrality is an important index widely used to analyze networks. In this paper, first given a directed network G and a vertex r ∈ V (G), we propose an exact algorithm to compute betweenness score of r. Our algorithm pre-computes a set ℛ𝒱(r), which is used to prune a huge amount of computations that do not contribute to the betweenness score of r. Time complexity of our algorithm depends on |ℛ𝒱(r)| and it is respectively Θ(|ℛ𝒱(r)| · |E(G)|) and Θ(|ℛ𝒱(r)| · |E(G)| + |ℛ𝒱(r)| · |V(G)| log |V(G)|) for unweighted graphs and weighted graphs with positive weights. |ℛ𝒱(r)| is bounded from above by |V(G)| – 1 and in most cases, it is a small constant. Then, for the cases where ℛ𝒱(r) is large, we present a simple randomized algorithm that samples from ℛ𝒱(r) and performs computations for only the sampled elements. We show that this algorithm provides an (ɛ, δ)-approximation to the betweenness score of r. Finally, we perform extensive experiments over several real-world datasets from different domains for several randomly chosen vertices as well as for the vertices with the highest betweenness scores. Our experiments reveal that for estimating betweenness score of a single vertex, our algorithm significantly outperforms the most efficient existing randomized algorithms, in terms of both running time and accuracy. Our experiments also reveal that our algorithm improves the existing algorithms when someone is interested in computing betweenness values of the vertices in a set whose cardinality is very small.


2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfei Fu ◽  
Guosheng Liu

Abstract Rain-type statistics derived from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) standard product show that some 70% of raining pixels in the central Tibetan Plateau summer are stratiform—a clear contradiction to the common knowledge that rain events during summer in this region are mostly convective, as a result of the strong atmospheric convective instability resulting from surface heating. In examining the vertical distribution of the stratiform rain-rate profiles, it is suspected that the TRMM PR algorithm misidentifies weak convective rain events as stratiform rain events. The possible cause for this misidentification is believed to be that the freezing level is close to the surface over the plateau, so that the ground echo may be mistakenly identified as the melting level in the PR rain classification algorithm.


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