Olympic anti-doping laboratory: the analytical technological road from 2016 Rio De Janeiro to 2021 Tokyo

Bioanalysis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 1511-1527
Author(s):  
Khadija Saad ◽  
Sofia Salama ◽  
Peter Horvatovich ◽  
Mohammed Al Maadheed ◽  
Costas Georgakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
The World ◽  
Doping In Sports ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
Modern Era

The summer Olympic Games is the major mega sports event since the first modern era Olympiad, held in Athens, Greece in 1896. International Olympic Committee (IOC) has the responsibility of the organization of the summer and winter Games ensuring the broadcast in all corners of earth. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is the responsible organization of the fight against doping in sports. IOC and WADA support the event's country WADA Accredited Laboratory to incorporate the maximum of the new analytical technologies to become applicable during the event's antidoping testing. The current study reviewed the last 5 years progresses of the antidoping system with emphasis on the laboratory field.

The toxic doxa of “clean sport” and IOC’s and WADA’s quest for credibility

2020 ◽  
pp. 101269022097735
Author(s):  
Fabien Ohl ◽  
Lucie Schoch ◽  
Bertrand Fincoeur
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
Field Notes

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) have been held accountable for the “Russian crisis,” a major state-sponsored doping scandal, which began in 2014. The scandal has brought intense scrutiny on the IOC’s and WADA’s efficiency in curbing doping. This paper argues that their impaired credibility should not only be explained through their objective failure in preventing doping in Russia but can be mainly understood through an analysis of their staged promises of clean sport. This study relies on the analysis of a corpus of official policy documents from the IOC and WADA over the last two decades, several media sources, and field-notes from our “participant-as-observer” role during several anti-doping meetings. In the first part of this article, we argue that to convince the audiences of their commitment to the fight against doping, WADA and the IOC collaborate to create a “team presentation” in which “impression management” is used to stage promises of a strong anti-doping doxa. The second part of the article elaborates that performances are vulnerable and complicated. Because of its scale, the Russian crisis disrupted the IOC’s and WADA’s dramaturgy, revealing their individual agendas and their rivalries over the control of the doxa, with the IOC seeking to protect its power and WADA trying to remain a “trust device.” Finally, the article shows that the IOC and WADA trapped themselves within their own staged discourse because of their divisions and their outbidding promises of clean sport, which turned ineffective and even “toxic.” We conclude that such a scenario was detrimental to the overall anti-doping efforts and the subsequent credibility of these organizations.

scholarly journals ЕПІСТЕМОЛОГІЯ ЯВИЩА «ТРАНСГЕНДЕР» У СУЧАСНОМУ ОЛІМПІЙСЬКОМУ СПОРТІ

2020 ◽  
pp. 190-202
Author(s):  
Сергій Лазоренко ◽  
◽  
Дмитро Балашов ◽  
Микола Чхайло
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
Doping In Sports ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Olympic Sport

Relevance of the Research Topic. The forthcoming Olympic Games in July 2021 in Tokyo – the capital of the rising Sun country – in the view of most heads of international sports federations, which absolutely support the aspects of the current Olympic concept, and the athletes preparing to demonstrate the best sides of modern Olympic sports during the Tokyo Olympic Games, can become most scandalous in the context of determining the winners of the Games, the fairness of Olympic records, especially in women’s competitions and Athletes-Transgenders’ participation in the Games. In the history of the modern Olympic movement, these will be the first Olympics Games in which, alongside biological women, will compete representatives of the male half of humanity, who have artificially changed gender. The last four years, following the Games in Rio de Janeiro, have been marked by a total struggle against doping in sports. The purpose of the research is to study the issues of transgender ontology in modern Olympic sport and solutions to this problem. Being used research methods are analysis, comparison and generalization of historical information and its systematization according to the dialectic of the problem’s development. Results of the study. The International Olympic Committee has decided to purge modern Olympic sports from this shameful phenomenon, because peaceful Olympic rivalry is a demonstration of the individual qualities of the athlete, not a rivalry of the modern achievements in medicine and pharmacology. This struggle demonstrated the fundamental position of the IOC towards athletes, teams and national teams, who, for the sake of high sport achievements, used prohibited pharmacological drugs, manipulated of doping tests, etc. in the preparation for official competitions. The result of this struggle is the removal of specified subjects from participation in 2021 Games. Conclusions. The authors of the article tried to explore the dialectic of the transgender phenomenon in modern Olympic sports and to identify aspects of the IOC policy regarding the admission of transgender athletes to the 2021 Summer Olympics.

scholarly journals Prevalence of therapeutic use exemptions at the Olympic Games and association with medals: an analysis of data from 2010 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (15) ◽  
pp. 920-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Vernec ◽  
David Healy
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
Potential Confounder ◽  
Elite Sport ◽  
Calculated Risk ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
Risk Ratios ◽  
The Olympic Games

ObjectivesThe percentage of athletes with Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUEs) competing in elite sport and the association with winning medals has been a matter of speculation in the absence of validated competitor numbers. We used International Olympic Committee (IOC) and World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) data to identify athletes competing with TUEs at five Olympic Games (Games) and a possible association between having a TUE and winning an Olympic medal.MethodsWe used the IOC’s competition results and WADA’s TUE database to identify the number of TUEs for athlete competitions (ACs, defined as one athlete competing in one event) and any associations with medals among athletes competing in individual competitions. We calculated risk ratios (RR) for the probability of winning a medal among athletes with a TUE compared with that of athletes without a TUE. We also reported adjusted RR (RRadj) controlling for country resources, which is a potential confounder.ResultsDuring the Games from 2010 to 2018, there were 20 139 ACs and 2062 medals awarded. Athletes competed with a TUE in 0.9% (181/20 139) of ACs. There were 21/2062 medals won by athletes with a TUE. The RR for winning a medal with a TUE was 1.13 (95% CI: 0.73 to 1.65; p=0.54), and the RRadj was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.69 to 1.56; p=0.73).ConclusionThe number of athletes competing with valid TUEs at Games is <1%. Our results suggested that there is no meaningful association between being granted a TUE and the likelihood of winning a medal.

Hosting the Youth Olympic Games

2015 ◽  
pp. 219-240
Author(s):  
Nick Aplin
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Global Identity ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The People ◽  
Island State ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Status ◽  
Small Island State

Athens 1896, Chamonix 1924, Singapore 2010, and Innsbruck 2012 represent the four major games innovations introduced by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Being seen as an efficient and gracious host of the inaugural Youth Olympic Games (YOG) signified a growing reputation that enhanced Singapore's global status. The interactions and interdependencies between state institutions, international associations, private bodies, and the people themselves served to reinforce existing sentiments that Singapore was not only successfully integrating sporting initiatives into the broader strategy for nation building but also sending out a resounding message to the rest of the world. This chapter examines the motivations, organisational processes, and linked issues that helped to establish Singapore as a country capable of creating an Olympic event and simultaneously marketing the Singapore brand. Negative financial and logistic issues could not overshadow the benefits that emerged to enhance the regional and global identity of the small island state.

scholarly journals The Viability of Cross-Country Running Appearing in the Winter Olympic Games

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Andrew Boyd Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Organized Sport ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Recent Attention

Today, cross-country running celebrates over 200 years of being a practiced, organized sport. Originally adapted as a form of imitation fox hunting by schoolboys in England, it is now a globally sanctioned program governed by World Athletics, which oversees marathon running, track and field, and other athletics events. First introduced to the International Olympic Committee by Percy Fischer, a member of the Olympic track committee of the Amateur Athletics Association in October 1910, cross-country running appeared three times on the program for the Summer Olympic Games in 1912, 1920, and 1924 as both a team and individually-scored event. Due to the overwhelming popularity of track and field and marathon events in the current Olympic Games program in the summer, recent attention has turned to promoting cross-country running––largely practiced in the autumnal and winter months the world over––for inclusion on the Winter Olympic Games schedule. Despite a history of nearly 100 years of efforts for reinclusion back into the Olympics, cross-country running has had difficulty in gaining traction for support for the winter program, largely due to the winter olympic charter mandating all sports be practiced exclusively on snow or ice.

1. Brazil hosts the Olympic Games

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Anthony W. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Opening Ceremony ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
First Time ◽  
National Experience ◽  
The Olympic Games

‘Brazil hosts the Olympic Games’ examines the opening ceremony of the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro on 5 August 2016. This was the first time the games took place in South America. Watched live by hundreds of millions of people around the world, the four-hour ceremony reveals something about Brazil and its national experience. It provides insights into what makes Brazilians proud to be Brazilian, as well as anxieties behind those sources of pride. The themes concern the importance of nature and its preservation; the importance of the future in Brazilians’ view of the world; Brazil’s alleged vocation for peaceful inclusion; and the informality of the Brazilian way of getting things done.

scholarly journals Pharmacy services at the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (17) ◽  
pp. 1105-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Stuart ◽  
Young In Kwon ◽  
Sandy Jeong Rhie
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Pharmacy Services ◽  
Length Of Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
Effective Medication ◽  
Paralympic Games

ObjectivePharmacy services at large multisport events support safe and effective medication use. Our aim is to describe the contribution of pharmacists and to share the pharmacy experiences at the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Games.MethodsThe data collected included the accreditation details of patients and prescribers indicating: sport, country, athlete or non-athlete status, and prescription details including: medication, strength, frequency, length of treatment, for the period of the Olympic Games (1–26 February 2018) and the Paralympic Games (5–20 March 2018). The numbers of prescriptions dispensed were analysed by medication category, sports and country of the patient.ResultsA total of 5313 medication items were dispensed over the course of the Olympic and Paralympic Games (athletes: 670; non-athletes: 4615; unknown: 28), for a total of 2360 patients. 72 of 82 countries (87.8%) had fewer than 20 patient visits. The first high peak (Olympic: 5.0%; Paralympic: 7.3%) of daily volume of prescriptions were dispensed in the 2 days prior to the Olympic and the 1 day prior to Paralympic opening ceremonies. Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) and International Olympic Committee NeedlePolicy were well managed and compliant with the regulations.ConclusionPharmacy services at major multisport games include dispensing over 5000 prescriptions, supporting the TUE and IOC Needle Policy processes and providing clinical information to athletes and prescribers on drugs in sports and the World Anti-Doping Agency regulations of drugs prohibited in sport. During the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games, pharmacists played a crucial role in delivering safe and effective pharmacy service based on their expert knowledge in antidoping and the clinical use of drugs in sport.

scholarly journals Talking about the ‘rotten fruits’ of Rio 2016: Framing mega-event legacies

2019 ◽  
pp. 101269021987884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Mega Events ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Mega Event

Legacy has become a watchword of hosting mega-events in recent years, used to justify massive spending and far-reaching urban transformations. However, academic studies of legacy outcomes suggest there is only limited evidence for the efficacy of using mega-events to deliver broader policy goals. The discourse of legacy promulgated by the International Olympic Committee promotes a fantastical vision of the possibilities created by mega-events while obfuscating critical analyses of legacy. This paper explores legacy talk among a wholly different group – activists who have protested against the Olympic Games, specifically in Rio de Janeiro – based on interviews conducted two years after the Games as part of a broader ethnographic study. The positive connotations of legacy, even among these Olympic critics, places a straitjacket on conversation, leading activists to discuss specific legacy projects, at the expense of highlighting the very real harms of mega-event development, such as evictions, gentrification and militarization. As such, there is a need to deepen understanding that legacy encompasses all that is left behind after mega-events, not only the positive impacts.

scholarly journals Current Insights into the Potential Misuse of Platelet-based Applications for Doping in Sports

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (07) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Scully ◽  
Antonios Matsakas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
The World ◽  
Doping In Sports ◽  
Platelet Releasate ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency

AbstractPlatelet-based applications are currently used for the delivery of growth factors and other biomolecules as autologous biomaterials in regenerative medicine and cosmetic therapies. Many studies have revealed that platelet-based applications such as platelet-rich plasma and platelet releasate exhibit beneficial biological effects after a sports injury or trauma when administered locally by intramuscular injections. At present, treatment of the public, patients and athletes with platelet-based applications is permitted and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration and the World Anti-Doping Agency. Since 2011 the use of autologous platelet-rich plasma is permitted in competitive sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency, due to the lack of evidence in performance enhancement and anabolic effects. However, accumulating research has recently shed light on the role of platelet-derived growth factors in wound healing, skeletal myogenesis, muscle stem cell function and tissue regeneration. Although any ergogenic potential of platelet-rich plasma and platelet releasate on intact skeletal muscle and human sports performance remain to be established, novel evidence suggests that platelet-derived growth factors can modulate muscle, tendon, ligament, protein synthesis/degradation, vascularization, energy utilization and regenerative capacity in various experimental settings. Since platelet-based applications are currently not prohibited, they constitute a tool for potential abuse and doping in sports. The aim of this review is to critically discuss and assimilate current insights and biological evidence that set the ground for exploitation and misuse in competitive sports, and develop strategies to combat these activities.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Technical and Tactical Preparation of Elite Judokas during the World Championships and Olympic Games

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5841
Author(s):  
Wiesław Błach ◽  
Łukasz Rydzik ◽  
Łukasz Błach ◽  
Wojciech J. Cynarski ◽  
Maciej Kostrzewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
General Classification ◽  
Adequate Level ◽  
Technical Preparation ◽  
The World ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
The Olympic Games

The basis for achieving success in sport is technical preparation supported by adequate level of physical fitness. During judo competitions, athletes use technique to meet tactical objectives aimed to achieve victory. The modification of the rules of combat in judo that has been carried out in recent years has changed the course of competition. It seems to be interesting if there are relations between technical and tactical preparation expressed by means of indices and modification of the course of the fight caused by changes in the rules. The purpose of the paper was to determine the values of technical and tactical preparation of judokas during competition at the elite level. A hundred and twenty bouts during the Olympic Games in London in 2012 as well as 136 bouts fought during the World Championships in Rio de Janeiro in 2013 were analyzed. Verification was performed by calculating indicators of technical and tactical preparation. The results show a significant correlation between the indicators of technical and tactical preparation and the ranking in the general classification of the analyzed competitions. There were no statistically significant correlations between the change of fighting rules and the level of the examined indices of technical and tactical preparation. The results of the study verified the appropriate method of preparation for the competitions analyzed.

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