scholarly journals The Viability of Cross-Country Running Appearing in the Winter Olympic Games

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Andrew Boyd Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Organized Sport ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Recent Attention

Today, cross-country running celebrates over 200 years of being a practiced, organized sport. Originally adapted as a form of imitation fox hunting by schoolboys in England, it is now a globally sanctioned program governed by World Athletics, which oversees marathon running, track and field, and other athletics events. First introduced to the International Olympic Committee by Percy Fischer, a member of the Olympic track committee of the Amateur Athletics Association in October 1910, cross-country running appeared three times on the program for the Summer Olympic Games in 1912, 1920, and 1924 as both a team and individually-scored event. Due to the overwhelming popularity of track and field and marathon events in the current Olympic Games program in the summer, recent attention has turned to promoting cross-country running––largely practiced in the autumnal and winter months the world over––for inclusion on the Winter Olympic Games schedule. Despite a history of nearly 100 years of efforts for reinclusion back into the Olympics, cross-country running has had difficulty in gaining traction for support for the winter program, largely due to the winter olympic charter mandating all sports be practiced exclusively on snow or ice.

scholarly journals Does the Olympic Agenda 2020 Have the Power to Create a New Olympic Heritage? An Analysis for the 2026 Winter Olympic Games Bid

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schnitzer ◽  
Lukas Haizinger
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
The Future ◽  
Winter Olympic Games

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) lacks candidates willing to host the Olympic Games (OG) and has reacted to this situation by introducing the Olympic Agenda 2020 (OA)—a reform process making the OG more attractive for potential hosts. This study analyzes whether the OA plays a crucial role for the future of the OG. We, therefore, examined the official IOC documents and feasibility studies of the 2026 Winter Olympic Games (WOG) bidders and conducted qualitative interviews with experts in the field (n = 15). The results reveal that the 2026 WOG hosts plan to reduce the budgets for the organization and the infrastructure costs in the host regions. As a consequence, the number and nature of the sites and venues as well as the distances between them will increase. This means that the future Olympic heritage (OH) may lay less in iconic buildings but rather focus on the attempt to fulfil the city’s long-term strategies. Our analyses extend the literature by: (1) analysing the OA in view of future OG, (2) comparing experiences from past OG with those of current bidders, (3) integrating expert knowledge thanks to qualitative interviews and, finally, (4) considering new heritage concepts.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of formation of physical preparedness of athletes in athletics

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
V.I. Bobrovnick ◽  
M.L. Tkachenko ◽  
D.S. Danyluk ◽  
S.G. Lytvynenko
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Training Process ◽  
World Championship ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
And Training ◽  
Sydney Australia

In the training of all-round track and field athletes there are basically two ways to achieve high athletic performance. The first one is the improvement and development of those basic skills, to which the athlete is more predisposed (to speed, strength, etc.). The essence of the second one lies in the fact that it is aimed at equal improvement of all physical abilities for mastering the events included in decathlon and heptathlon (sprint events, jump events, speed-strength events and endurance events). The athletic performance rates of Ukrainian all-rounders, participating at these competitions, are 400-800 points behind. The best place of the Ukrainian athlete Olexiy Kasyanov at the World Championship 2009 was third with 8470 points, and the worst 23rd place was taken by Fedir Laukhin (7652 points) at the Olympic Games 2000 in Sydney (Australia). The irregular participation of Ukrainian all-round athletes in the main sports forums (Olympic Games and world championships) shows that the system of training decathletes in our country does not meet the expected standards. It is possible to distinguish many reasons for such performances. In recent years they are associated with the fact that the leaders of decathletes traditionally don’t participate in the championships of Ukraine. So, all other athletes have no possibilities to compete with the strongest in this particular sport and to show their highest results. And this happens along with the absence of highly qualified coaches and conditions for the educational and training process.

scholarly journals ЕПІСТЕМОЛОГІЯ ЯВИЩА «ТРАНСГЕНДЕР» У СУЧАСНОМУ ОЛІМПІЙСЬКОМУ СПОРТІ

2020 ◽  
pp. 190-202
Author(s):  
Сергій Лазоренко ◽  
◽  
Дмитро Балашов ◽  
Микола Чхайло
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
Doping In Sports ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Olympic Sport

Relevance of the Research Topic. The forthcoming Olympic Games in July 2021 in Tokyo – the capital of the rising Sun country – in the view of most heads of international sports federations, which absolutely support the aspects of the current Olympic concept, and the athletes preparing to demonstrate the best sides of modern Olympic sports during the Tokyo Olympic Games, can become most scandalous in the context of determining the winners of the Games, the fairness of Olympic records, especially in women’s competitions and Athletes-Transgenders’ participation in the Games. In the history of the modern Olympic movement, these will be the first Olympics Games in which, alongside biological women, will compete representatives of the male half of humanity, who have artificially changed gender. The last four years, following the Games in Rio de Janeiro, have been marked by a total struggle against doping in sports. The purpose of the research is to study the issues of transgender ontology in modern Olympic sport and solutions to this problem. Being used research methods are analysis, comparison and generalization of historical information and its systematization according to the dialectic of the problem’s development. Results of the study. The International Olympic Committee has decided to purge modern Olympic sports from this shameful phenomenon, because peaceful Olympic rivalry is a demonstration of the individual qualities of the athlete, not a rivalry of the modern achievements in medicine and pharmacology. This struggle demonstrated the fundamental position of the IOC towards athletes, teams and national teams, who, for the sake of high sport achievements, used prohibited pharmacological drugs, manipulated of doping tests, etc. in the preparation for official competitions. The result of this struggle is the removal of specified subjects from participation in 2021 Games. Conclusions. The authors of the article tried to explore the dialectic of the transgender phenomenon in modern Olympic sports and to identify aspects of the IOC policy regarding the admission of transgender athletes to the 2021 Summer Olympics.

scholarly journals Fluid Needs for Training, Competition, and Recovery in Track-and-Field Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Casa ◽  
Samuel N. Cheuvront ◽  
Stuart D. Galloway ◽  
Susan M. Shirreffs
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
History Of

The 2019 International Amateur Athletics Federation Track-and-Field World Championships will take place in Qatar in the Middle East. The 2020 Summer Olympics will take place in Tokyo, Japan. It is quite likely that these events may set the record for hottest competitions in the recorded history of both the Track-and-Field World Championships and Olympic Games. Given the extreme heat in which track-and-field athletes will need to train and compete for these games, the importance of hydration is amplified more than in previous years. The diverse nature of track-and-field events, training programs, and individuality of athletes taking part inevitably means that fluid needs will be highly variable. Track-and-field events can be classified as low, moderate, or high risk for dehydration based on typical training and competition scenarios, fluid availability, and anticipated sweat losses. This paper reviews the risks of dehydration and potential consequences to performance in track-and-field events. The authors also discuss strategies for mitigating the risk of dehydration.

Hosting the Youth Olympic Games

2015 ◽  
pp. 219-240
Author(s):  
Nick Aplin
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Global Identity ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The People ◽  
Island State ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Status ◽  
Small Island State

Athens 1896, Chamonix 1924, Singapore 2010, and Innsbruck 2012 represent the four major games innovations introduced by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Being seen as an efficient and gracious host of the inaugural Youth Olympic Games (YOG) signified a growing reputation that enhanced Singapore's global status. The interactions and interdependencies between state institutions, international associations, private bodies, and the people themselves served to reinforce existing sentiments that Singapore was not only successfully integrating sporting initiatives into the broader strategy for nation building but also sending out a resounding message to the rest of the world. This chapter examines the motivations, organisational processes, and linked issues that helped to establish Singapore as a country capable of creating an Olympic event and simultaneously marketing the Singapore brand. Negative financial and logistic issues could not overshadow the benefits that emerged to enhance the regional and global identity of the small island state.

scholarly journals Rozbor úspěšnosti střelby reprezentačního družstva mužů ČR v biatlonu v letech 2002–2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Jan Ondráček ◽  
Sylva Hřebíčková ◽  
Božena Paugschová ◽  
Jan Mezník
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
World Cup ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Running Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Winter Olympic Games

The successful implementation of the biathlon shooting is necessary condition for overall success in the race. In the biggest competitions, such as the World Cup, World Championship and Winter Olympic Games, even one failed hit on the shooting-range leads to the rejection of the sportsman from the fi ght for the victory in whole race. Th e main aim of our thesis is to compare successful shooting of the men´s team of the Czech Republic with the winners of above mentioned word competitions. We were discovering the improvement of the successful shooting of the Czech team compared to the control group of winners in the worldwide competitions during two Olympic cycles in the seasons 2002/2003 – 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 – 2009/2010. As the base we have used data from DATACENTER, available on offi cial web pages of the International biathlon organisation IBU. We have assessed 3 basic domaines: shooting success, speed of the shooting performance and running time. Th e running time was assessed for the completion of the study of the successful shooting. Continual backwardness of the Czech representatives has been found in all observed domaines. Findings presented should help coaches to fi nd reserves at work with the athletes especially in the shooting part of the biathlon.

scholarly journals Followers of the Union of Gymnastic Societies “Sokół” (Falcon) in Poland in the Olympic Games 1924–1936

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-83
Author(s):  
Jerzy Chełmecki
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country

The aim of the article is to depict the participation of athletes, originated from the Union of Gymnastic Societies ‘Sokół’ (Falcon) in Poland, in the summer and winter Olympic Games in the interwar period. The Olympians represented gymnastics, athletics, boxing, wrestling and cross-country skiing – sports that were initiated on Polish soil yet during the partitions and were widely exercised in ‘Sokół’s’ societies in the interwar period. In this article, the political and social context accompanying the development of professional sport in “Sokół” can be found. Moreover, included biograms of the Olympians mention, in addition to sports successes, their membership in‘ Sokół’, and their social and professional activities after the end of a sports career. The aim of the article is to depict the participation of athletes, originated from the Union of Gymnastic Societies ‘Sokół’ (Falcon) in Poland, in the summer and winter Olympic Games in the interwar period. The Olympians represented gymnastics, athletics, boxing, wrestling and cross-country skiing – sports that were initiated on Polish soil yet during the partitions and were widely exercised in ‘Sokół’s’ societies in the interwar period. In this article, the political and social context accompanying the development of professional sport in “Sokół” can be found. Moreover, included biograms of the Olympians mention, in addition to sports successes, their membership in ‘Sokół’, and their social and professional activities after the end of a sports career. Futhermore, this study presents athletes whose biographies were contained in the published biographies and memoirs. This sources unambiguously confirm that their membership in the “Sokół” was not incidental, and their social identity was shaped in the process of education of the Society. This research area has begun to interest sport historians for some time, but publications are still incidental and rather focused on the achievements of the 'Sokół' in the dissemination of sport in selected regions of the country rather than the performance in competitive sport. The research methodology is based on the analysis of historical sources, such as sports press, diaries, and in-depth biographical studies.

scholarly journals THE TOURIST-GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

1990 ◽  
Vol 33-34 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
The World ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
Geographical Position

Analysing the level of influence of the tourist-geographical position of Bosnia-Herzegovina, it is possible to state as follows. The certain places in this republic have local position, then Bosnia-Herzegovina related to Yugoslavia has the regional tourist-geographical position, and as a part of Yugoslavia it has the continental position. Further, connecting to the successful holding of The fourteenth winter olympic games, it can by in the last time say that the certain parts of Bosnia-Herzegovina have partially also the world tourist-geographical position.

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