Risk Factors Associated with Clostridium difficile Infection in A Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Ward with Analysis of the Infection Control Measures

2016 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Al Musa ◽  
Mahmoud Shorman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pediatric Hematology ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Oncology Ward

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Long-Term Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Persistence—A Prospective Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Correa-Martinez ◽  
Stollenwerk ◽  
Kossow ◽  
Schaumburg ◽  
Mellmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are important nosocomial pathogens that require effective infection control measures, representing a challenge for healthcare systems. This study aimed at identifying risk factors associated with prolonged VRE carriage and determining the rate of clearance that allows the discontinuation of contact precautions. During a 2-year study, screening was performed in patients with a history of VRE or at risk of becoming colonized. After bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing, glycopeptide resistance was confirmed by PCR. Isolates were compared via whole genome sequence-based typing. Risk factors were recorded, and follow-up screening was performed upon readmission, defining patients as long-term carriers if still colonized ≥10 weeks after first detection. Of 1059 patients positive for VRE, carriage status was assessed upon readmission in 463 patients. VRE was cleared in 56.4% of the cases. Risk factors associated with long-term persistence were hospital stays (frequency, length), hemato-oncological disease, systemic treatment with steroids, and use of antibiotics. No specific genotypic clustering was observed in patients with VRE clearance or persistence. VRE clearance is possibly underestimated. The identification of risk factors favoring long-term carriage may contribute to a targeted implementation of infection control measures upon readmission of patients with history of VRE.

Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Infection Control

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (09) ◽  
pp. 628-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwan Kew Lai ◽  
Zita S. Melvin ◽  
Mary Jane Menard ◽  
Helen R. Kotilainen ◽  
Stephen Baker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of specific infection control measures on the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) and to identify risk factors for its development. Setting: 370-bed, tertiary-care teaching hospital with approximately 12,000 to 15,000 admissions per year. Methods: Several infection control measures were implemented in 1991 and 1992, and the attack rates of CDAD were calculated quarterly. Antibiotic use for 1988 through 1993 was analyzed. A case-control study was conducted from January 1992 to December 1992 to identify risk factors for acquisition of CDAD. Results: From 1989 to 1992, the attack rate of CDAD increased from 0.49% to 2.25%. An increase in antibiotic use preceded the rise in the incidence of CDAD in 1991. Despite implementation of various infection control measures, the attack rate decreased to 1.32% in 1993, but did not return to baseline. Ninety-two cases and 78 controls (patients with diarrhea but with negative toxin assay) were studied. By univariate analysis, history of prior respiratory tract infections (odds ratio [OR], 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.2-10.4), the number of antibiotics, and the duration of exposure to second-generation cephalosporins (OR, 3.55; CI95, 1.47-9.41) and to ciprofloxacin (OR, 7.27; CI95, 1.13-166.0) were related significantly to the development of CDAD. By stepwise logistic regression analysis, only exposure to antibiotics and prior respiratory tract infections (P=.0001 and .0203, respectively) were found to be significant. Conclusion: Antibiotic pressure might have contributed to failure of infection control measures to reduce the incidence of CDAD to baseline.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and environmental factors associated with aerosolised Aspergillus spores at a zoological park

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000281
Author(s):  
Molly Martony ◽  
Hendrik Nollens ◽  
Melinda Tucker ◽  
Linda Henry ◽  
Todd Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Air Sampler ◽  
Zoological Park

Aspergillus is a significant pathogen in zoological species, although information on environmental variables influencing fungal prevalence in zoological settings are lacking. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of and to identify environmental factors associated with aerosolised Aspergillus spores at a zoological park to advance the understanding of fungal exposure as a first step towards improved mitigation strategies for susceptible animals. Twenty-one locations were sampled for presence of Aspergillus species using the SAS Super 180 Microbial Air Sampler, while twenty-two environmental factors were evaluated every two weeks at SeaWorld of California during two 12-month periods. In each period, the frequency of investigated environmental factors was compared between samples classified as positive or negative for Aspergillus species using logistic regression. Prevalence of Aspergillus was higher (P<0.05) during the second 12-month period (110/525 or 21 per cent), compared with the first period (62/483 or 13 per cent). In both periods, positive Aspergillus samples were associated with indoor sites without high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration systems and other infection control measures (adjusted OR=4.33 and 5.19, P<0.01) or outdoor sites (adjusted OR=2.50 and3.79, P≤0.05), compared to indoor sites with HEPA filtration systems and other infection control measures, after controlling for season. Burden of airborne Aspergillus can be higher in indoor sites without HEPA filtration systems than in outdoor sites. The use of HEPA filtration systems and other infection control measures can mitigate the burden of Aspergillus. Risk-based surveillance systems that target indoor areas without HEPA filtration systems can be an efficient approach for early detection of high burden of Aspergillus at zoological parks.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated With Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhita Dharbhamulla ◽  
Ahmed Abdelhady ◽  
Mona Domadia ◽  
Sanket Patel ◽  
John Gaughan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection

Control of Nosocomial Clostridium difficile Transmission in Bone Marrow Transplant Patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hend Hanna ◽  
Issam Raad ◽  
Virginia Gonzalez ◽  
Jan Umphrey ◽  
Jeffrey Tarrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Infection Control Measures

AbstractThis is a report of six cases of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) that occurred among cancer patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation in a tertiary-care cancer hospital. Specific infection control measures that were taken to minimize the nosocomial spread of CDAD also are discussed.

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