scholarly journals Evaluation of Sagittal Spine-Pelvis-Lower Limb Alignment in Elderly Women with Pelvic Retroversion while Standing and Walking Using a Three-Dimensional Musculoskeletal Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Sasaki ◽  
Michio Hongo ◽  
Naohisa Miyakoshi ◽  
Toshiki Matsunaga ◽  
Shin Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Sagittal Alignment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Musculoskeletal Model ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Radiographic Measurement ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Hip Flexion

<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>In vivo biomechanical study using a three-dimensional (3D) musculoskeletal model for elderly individuals with or without pelvic retroversion.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>To evaluate the effect of pelvic retroversion on the sagittal alignment of the spine, pelvis, and lower limb in elderly females while standing and walking.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>Patients with hip–spine syndrome have concurrent hip-joint and spine diseases. However, the dynamic sagittal alignment between the hip joint and spine has rarely been investigated. We used a 3D musculoskeletal model to evaluate global spinopelvic parameters, including spinal inclination and pelvic tilt (PT).</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A total of 32 ambulant females (mean age=78 years) without assistance were enrolled in the study. On the basis of the radiographic measurement for PT, participants were divided into the pelvic retroversion group (R-group; PT≥20°) and the normal group (N-group; PT&lt;20°). A 3D musculoskeletal motion analysis system was used to analyze the calculated value for the alignment of spine, pelvis, and lower limb, including calculated (C)-PT, sagittal vertical axis (C-SVA), pelvic incidence, lumbar lordosis, T1 pelvic angle (C-TPA), as well as knee and hip flexion angles while standing and walking.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>While standing, C-PT and C-TPA in the R-group were significantly larger than those in the N-group. Hip angle was significantly smaller in the R-group than in the N-group, unlike knee angle, which did not show difference. While walking, C-SVA and C-TPA were significantly increased, whereas C-PT decreased compared with those while standing. The maximum hip-flexion angle was significantly smaller in the R-group than in the N-group. There was a significant correlation between the radiographic and calculated parameters.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The 3D musculoskeletal model was useful in evaluating the sagittal alignment of the spine, pelvis, and leg. Spinopelvic sagittal alignment showed deterioration while walking. C-PT was significantly decreased while walking in the R-group, indicating possible compensatory mechanisms attempting to increase coverage of the femoral head. The reduction in the hip flexion angle in the R-group was also considered as a compensatory mechanism.</p></sec>

Computer-based estimation of the hip joint reaction force and hip flexion angle in three different sitting configurations

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Van Houcke ◽  
A. Schouten ◽  
G. Steenackers ◽  
D. Vandermeulen ◽  
C. Pattyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Joint Reaction Force ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Joint Reaction

scholarly journals The Effect of Prolonged Running on the Symmetry of Biomechanical Variables of the Lower Limb Joints

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Zixiang Gao ◽  
Qichang Mei ◽  
Gusztáv Fekete ◽  
Julien S Baker ◽  
Yaodong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Therapy Assessment ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Hip Flexion

The aim of this study was to examine whether there are kinematic and kinetic differences in the lower limb and whether the symmetry of the lower extremities is different after prolonged-running. Fifteen healthy male amateur runners (age: 22 ± 1 years, height: 173 ± 8 cm, mass: 65 ± 7 kg, BMI: 21.62 ± 2 kg/m2) were recruited as participants for this study. A Vicon eight-camera motion capture system and Kistler force plate were used to collect kinematic and kinetic parameters. A motorized treadmill, 15-point Borg scale and heart rate bands were used to monitor fatigue during a running-induced fatigue protocol. Paired sample T tests were used to check statistical difference (p = 0.05) between the lower limbs and the symmetry changes in pre-fatigue and post-fatigue running sessions. The symmetry angle (SA) of the knee flexion angle, hip flexion angle and hip extension angle in post-fatigue was significantly greater than in pre-fatigue, increasing by 4.32%, 10.71%, and 23.12%, respectively. Moreover, the SA of hip flexion moment increased by 2.61%. However, the knee extension velocity and hip flexion velocity became more symmetrical than in pre-fatigue (p < 0.05), the SA decreased by 5.91% and 5.45%, respectively. Differences in limb function during post-fatigue may lead to changes of symmetry in the lower limbs. The variables of asymmetry may be used as a compensation mechanism to maintain gait stability. Physical therapy assessment of fatigue injuries and long-distance running training programs may want to consider the changes in symmetry due to limb dominance.

scholarly journals Effects of Hip Flexion on Knee Extension and Flexion Isokinetic Angle-Specific Torques and HQ-Ratios

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Baumgart ◽  
Eduard Kurz ◽  
Jürgen Freiwald ◽  
Matthias Wilhelm Hoppe
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Knee Strength ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Hip Flexion

Abstract Background and Methods During isokinetic knee strength testing, the knee flexion angles that correspond to the measured torque values are rarely considered. Additionally, the hip flexion angle during seated testing diverges from that in the majority of daily life and sporting activities. Limited information concerning the influence of hip angle, muscle contraction mode, and velocity on the isokinetic knee strength over the entire range of motion (ROM) is available. Twenty recreational athletes (10 females, 10 males; 23.3 ± 3.2 years; 72.1 ± 16.5 kg; 1.78 ± 0.07 m) were tested for isokinetic knee flexion and extension at 10° and 90° hip flexion with the following conditions: (i) concentric at 60°/s, (ii) concentric at 180°/s, and (iii) eccentric at 60°/s. The effects of hip angle, contraction mode, and velocity on angle-specific torques and HQ-ratios as well as conventional parameters (peak torques, angles at peak torque, and HQ-ratios) were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping and parametric ANOVAs, respectively. Results Generally, the angle-specific and conventional torques and HQ-ratios were lower in the extended hip compared to a flexed hip joint. Thereby, in comparison to the knee extension, the torque values decreased to a greater extent during knee flexion but not consistent over the entire ROM. The torque values were greater at the lower velocity and eccentric mode, but the influence of the velocity and contraction mode were lower at shorter and greater muscle lengths, respectively. Conclusions Isokinetic knee strength is influenced by the hip flexion angle. Therefore, a seated position during testing and training is questionable, because the hip joint is rarely flexed at 90° during daily life and sporting activities. Maximum knee strength is lower in supine position, which should be considered for training and testing. The angle-specific effects cannot be mirrored by the conventional parameters. Therefore, angle-specific analyses are recommended to obtain supplemental information and consequently to improve knee strength testing.

scholarly journals Single leg hop for distance symmetry masks lower limb biomechanics: time to discuss hop distance as decision criterion for return to sport after ACL reconstruction?

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-103677
Author(s):  
Argyro Kotsifaki ◽  
Rod Whiteley ◽  
Sam Van Rossom ◽  
Vasileios Korakakis ◽  
Roald Bahr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Decision Criterion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Hip Flexion

BackgroundWe evaluated the lower limb status of athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) during the propulsion and landing phases of a single leg hop for distance (SLHD) task after they had been cleared to return to sport. We wanted to evaluate the biomechanical components of the involved (operated) and uninvolved legs of athletes with ACLR and compare these legs with those of uninjured athletes (controls).MethodsWe captured standard video-based three-dimensional motion and electromyography (EMG) in 26 athletes after ACLR and 23 healthy controls during SLHD and calculated lower limb and trunk kinematics. We calculated lower limb joint moments and work using inverse dynamics and computed lower limb muscle forces using an EMG-constrained musculoskeletal modelling approach. Between-limb (within ACLR athletes) and between-group differences (between ACLR athletes and controls) were evaluated using paired and independent sample t-tests, respectively.ResultsSignificant differences in kinematics (effect sizes ranging from 0.42 to 1.56), moments (0.39 to 1.08), and joint work contribution (0.55 to 1.04) were seen between the involved and uninvolved legs, as well as between groups. Athletes after ACLR achieved a 97%±4% limb symmetry index in hop distance but the symmetry in work done by the knee during propulsion was only 69%. During landing, the involved knee absorbed less work than the uninvolved, while the uninvolved knee absorbed more work than the control group. Athletes after ACLR compensated for lower knee work with greater hip work contribution and by landing with more hip flexion, anterior pelvis tilt, and trunk flexion.ConclusionSymmetry in performance on a SLHD test does not ensure symmetry in lower limb biomechanics. The distance hopped is a poor measure of knee function, and largely reflects hip and ankle function. Male athletes after ACLR selectively unload the involved limb but outperform controls on the uninvolved knee.

Moderate Associations of Muscle Elasticity of the Hamstring with Hip Joint Flexibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 717-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naokazu Miyamoto ◽  
Kosuke Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Shear Moduli ◽  
Muscle Elasticity ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Hip Flexion

AbstractThe main purpose of the present study was to identify whether and to what extent the individual differences in range of motion and stiffness of the hip joint can account for that in muscle elasticity of the hamstring. Hip extension torque and shear moduli (a measure of elasticity) of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus were assessed in 21 young males during unilateral passive hip flexion in the knee-extended position from the anatomical position to the individual’s maximal hip flexion angle. Muscle shear modulus was quantified by using ultrasound shear wave elastography. The maximal hip flexion angle correlated negatively with the shear modulus of each muscle (−0.750 ≤ r ≤ −0.612). The joint stiffness correlated positively with the shear modulus of each muscle (0.711 ≤ r ≤ 0.747). These findings suggest that hip flexion ROM and joint stiffness can reflect significantly but only moderately the muscle elasticity of the hamstring.

scholarly journals Comparison of Biomechanical Factors among Straight, Curve and Knuckle Kicking Motions in Soccer

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Kaoru Kimachi ◽  
Richong Liu ◽  
Masaaki Koido ◽  
Sungchan Hong ◽  
Shuji Shimonagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Biomechanical Factors ◽  
Practice Period

The rotation of a soccer ball is affected by several factors, such as impact point and foot posture, which are generated by joint torque in the lower limb. This study aimed to investigate joint torque in the lower limb that generates foot posture and swing trajectory, and compare three types of kicks before and after a practice period for participants to learn to control the ball rotation. An optical three-dimensional motion capture system was used to record the kicking motion of the participants. The results indicate that the adduction torque of the hip joint at the moment of impact decreased for curve kicks (from 0.56 to 0.25 Nm/kg) and increased for knuckle kicks (from −0.09 to 0.37 Nm/kg). We considered that the curve and knuckle kicks swing towards the inside (because of their positive values in the post experiment) with hip joint adduction before impact to control ball rotation.

Measurement and Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics for the Female Chinese Population During Squatting

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
S. Wei ◽  
D.-M. Wang ◽  
Y.-P. Lin ◽  
X. Li ◽  
C.-T. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Lower Limb Prosthesis ◽  
Limb Kinematics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hip Flexion

AbstractThe study investigates three-dimensional kinematics of lower limb for female Chinese population during normal squatting activity. 25 young female and 25 elder female Chinese subjects were recruited. With each subject's data collected, the means of three-dimensional rotation angles of knee, hip, and ankle joints of those two groups were calculated and analyzed. Measured results showed that the maximal eccentric range of hip flexion/extension of 128.6° for the young female group (P < 0.05) was compared with that of 158.8° for the elder female group. Thus, the elder female undergoes more hip flexion/extension angles than the young female in the posture of squatting. The mean range of motion (ROM) of knee flexion/extension was 140.2° for the young female group and 138.7° (significant level P > 0.05) for the elder female group. The mean ROM of ankle flexion/extension was 47.90° for the young female group and 31.9° (P > 0.05) for the elder female group. The ROMs obtained in the experiment during squatting were greater than the reported ones achieved after joint arthroplasty. These data may be invaluable in providing designers of lower limb prosthesis with basic mechanical parameters, and assessing the effect of kinematics of low limb on rehabilitation for the Chinese population.

scholarly journals Visualization of walking speed variation-induced synchronized dynamic changes in lower limb joint angles and activity of trunk and lower limb muscles with a newly developed gait analysis system

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 230949901880668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kousei Miura ◽  
Hideki Kadone ◽  
Masao Koda ◽  
Keita Nakayama ◽  
Hiroshi Kumagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Maximum Flexion ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Limb Muscles

Purpose: To evaluate a newly developed system for dynamic analysis of gait kinematics and muscle activity. Methods: We recruited 10 healthy men into this study. Analyses of three-dimensional motion and wireless surface electromyogram (EMG) were integrated to achieve synchronous measurement. The participants walked continuously for 10 min under two conditions: comfortable and quick pace. Outcome measures were joint angles of the lower limbs determined from reflective markers and myoelectric activity of trunk and lower limbs determined from EMG sensors, comparing comfortable and quick gait pace. Results: Lower limb joint angle was significantly greater at the quick pace (maximum flexion of the hip joint: 4.1°, maximum extension of hip joint: 2.3°, and maximum flexion of the knee joint while standing: 7.4°). The period of maximum flexion of the ankle joint during a walking cycle was 2.5% longer at a quick pace. EMG amplitudes of all trunk muscles significantly increased during the period of support by two legs (cervical paraspinal: 55.1%, latissimus dorsi: 31.3%, and erector spinae: 32.6%). EMG amplitudes of quadriceps, femoral biceps, and tibialis anterior increased significantly by 223%, 60.9%, and 67.4%, respectively, between the periods of heel contact and loading response. EMG amplitude of the gastrocnemius significantly increased by 102% during the heel-off period. Conclusion: Our gait analysis synchronizing three-dimensional motion and wireless surface EMG successfully visualized dynamic changes in lower limb joint angles and activity of trunk and lower limb muscles induced by various walking speeds.

Physical Modelling of Hip Joint Forces in Stair Climbing

1996 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
F J Shelley ◽  
D D Anderson ◽  
M J Kolar ◽  
M C Miller ◽  
H E Rubash
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Femoral Shaft ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Joint Force ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
Flexion Moment ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Femoral Flexion

A test device has been developed and validated to simulate physiologic loading of the hip during stair climbing. Forces about the hip joint were measured in static simulations of stair climbing using simulated extensor, abductor and adductor muscle groups to support the joint. Femoral flexion angle (to model step length and height) and applied hip flexion moment (to model trunk lean) were varied to examine the effects of different loading conditions on the hip. In stair climbing the maximum total joint force was six times body weight at 34° of femoral flexion and 60 N m of hip flexion moment. Joint forces increased with hip flexion moment and varied little with femoral flexion angle, except for the posteriorly directed force. This component, which twists implants about the femoral shaft, increased with femoral flexion angle but changed little with hip flexion moment.

A Heterogeneous Model for Gait Analysis of the Lower-Limb and the Prosthesis Coupled System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lv ◽  
Hongbin Fang ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Qining Wang ◽  
Xiaoxu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Heterogeneous Model

Abstract By considering the coupling effect between the healthy lower-limb and the passive prosthesis, this paper builds a heterogeneous dynamic model for gait analysis, where the motions of the healthy limb and the prosthesis are driven by the central pattern generator (CPG) and the hip joint swing, respectively. The foot-ground contact is modelled as the process of unilateral force reaction rather than the constraint to get a refined representation of the gait motion. The response of the heterogeneous model, solved by numerical calculation, is then analyzed by comparison with a real gait test. Preliminary results show that the heterogeneous model not only describes the amputee’s gait well but also reveals a new gait feature of period-doubling. Parameter analysis further indicates that the period-doubling gait will return to the single-period pattern by amplifying the vertical motion of the hip joint at the amputated side. This dynamic bifurcation, which mimics the process of hip swing adaption, provides new insight into the compensatory mechanism for lamely walking.

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