Toluene Conversion by Using Different Morphology MnO2 Catalyst

In this work three important aromatic transformations, namely: toluene disproportionation, toluene methylation and m-xylene isomerization, were investigated in a riser simulator which closely mimics the operation of commercial fluidized bed reactors. The transformations were studied over a ZSM-5 based catalyst with medium acidity of 0.23 mmol/g and a series of Y zeolites of acidities between 0.55 and 0.03 mmol/g. For pure toluene feed, it was observed that conversion over the ZSM-5 based catalyst and the weakly acidic Y zeolite (USY-1) was very low. However, with the highly acidic Y zeolite (H-Y), significant toluene conversion was observed with paring reaction more prominent than disproportionation. On the other hand, when toluene was alkylated with methanol, higher toluene conversions were achieved over both the ZSM-5 based and the weakly acidic USY-1 catalysts as compared to when pure toluene feed was used. In addition, p-xylene/o-xylene (P/O) ratios higher than the equilibrium values were obtained in the reaction product over both catalysts. Finally, for m-xylene isomerization it was found that m-xylene conversion increased initially as the acidity of the catalyst increased up to 0.1 mmol/g beyond which any further increase in acidity resulted in a slight decrease in the m-xylene conversion.

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The importance of inherent inorganics and the surface area of wood char for its gasification reactivity and catalytic activity towards toluene conversion

Renewable Energy ◽

10.1016/j.renene.2021.03.130 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Agnieszka Korus ◽

Giulia Ravenni ◽

Krzysztof Loska ◽

Irena Korus ◽

Abby Samson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Activity ◽

Surface Area ◽

Gasification Reactivity ◽

Wood Char ◽

Toluene Conversion

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Single-phase mixed molybdenum-niobium carbides: Synthesis, characterization and multifunctional catalytic behavior in toluene conversion

Journal of Catalysis ◽

10.1016/j.jcat.2017.04.022 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 351 ◽

pp. 161-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ali Mehdad ◽

Rolf E. Jentoft ◽

Friederike C. Jentoft

Keyword(s):

Single Phase ◽

Catalytic Behavior ◽

Toluene Conversion

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Fluidizable NiO–Fe 2 O 3 /SiO 2 –γAl 2 O 3 for tar (toluene) conversion in biomass gasification

Process Safety and Environmental Protection ◽

10.1016/j.psep.2017.12.021 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 116 ◽

pp. 754-762 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Muflih A. Adnan ◽

Sagir Adamu ◽

Oki Muraza ◽

Mohammad M. Hossain

Keyword(s):

Biomass Gasification ◽

Toluene Conversion

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LaFe1-xNix as a Robust Catalytic Oxygen Carrier for Chemical Looping Conversion of Toluene

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app12010391 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 391

Author(s):

Haiming Gu ◽

Juan Yang ◽

Guohui Song ◽

Xiaobo Cui ◽

Miaomiao Niu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Carrier ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Chemical Looping ◽

Oxygen Carriers ◽

Carbon Gasification ◽

Syngas Production ◽

Toluene Conversion ◽

Substituted Ferrite ◽

Tar Model Compound ◽

H2 Yield

Chemical looping biomass gasification is a novel technology converting biomass into syngas, and the selection of oxygen carrier is key for efficient tar conversion. The performance of LaFe1-xNix as a robust catalytic oxygen carrier was investigated in the chemical looping conversion of toluene (tar model compound) into syngas in a fixed bed. LaM (M = Fe, Ni, Mn, Co, and Cu) was initially compared to evaluate the effect of transition metal on toluene conversion. LaFe (partial oxidation) and LaNi (catalytic pyrolysis) exhibited better performance in promoting syngas production than other oxygen carriers. Therefore, Ni-substituted ferrite LaFe1-xNix (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1) was further developed. The effects of Ni-substitution, steam/carbon ratio (S/C), and temperature on toluene conversion into C1 and H2 were evaluated. Results showed that the synergistic effect of Fe and Ni promoted toluene conversion, improving H2 yield yet with serious carbon deposition. Steam addition promoted toluene steam reforming and carbon gasification. With S/C increasing from 0.8 to 2.0, the C1 and H2 yield increased from 73.9% to 97.5% and from 197.7% to 269.6%, respectively. The elevated temperature favored toluene conversion and C1 yield. LaFe0.6Ni0.4 exhibited strong reactivity stability during toluene conversion at S/C = 1.6 and 900 °C.

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Unraveling Toluene Conversion during the Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Cyclohexene (in Toluene) with Rh Hybrid Catalysts

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal9120973 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 973 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mónica Rufete-Beneite ◽

M. Carmen Román-Martínez

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Carbon Materials ◽

Carbon Support ◽

Toluene Hydrogenation ◽

Hydrogen Consumption ◽

Supported Ionic Liquid ◽

Cyclohexene Hydrogenation ◽

Liquid Phase Hydrogenation ◽

Toluene Conversion

Monitoring hydrogen consumption has allowed studying the progress of the liquid phase hydrogenation of cyclohexene in toluene with Rh SILP (supported ionic liquid phase) catalysts prepared by the immobilization of the [{RhCl(cod)}2] complex on different carbon materials. An excess of hydrogen consumption with respect to the required amount for cyclohexene hydrogenation was registered and related with the solvent (toluene) hydrogenation. The study carried out led to unraveling the extent of toluene hydrogenation and to determining if the rate of this reaction is affected by the properties of the carbon material used as support. The results revealed that the Rh SILP catalysts we prepared showed acceptable toluene conversion, with 100% selectivity to the total hydrogenated product, and that the effect of the carbon support is the same as for cyclohexene hydrogenation.

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