British Colonization and Development of Black Tea Industry in India: A Case Study of Darjeeling

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) defined as “the ethical behavior of a company towards the society,” manifests itself in the form of such noble programs initiated by for-profit organizations. CSR has become increasingly prominent in the Indian corporate scenario because organizations have realized that besides growing their businesses, it is also vital to build trustworthy and sustainable relationships with the community at large. This is one of the key drivers of CSR programs. Though India is one of the fastest growing economies, socio-economic problems like poverty, illiteracy, lack of healthcare etc. are still ubiquitous and the government has limited resources to tackle these challenges. This scenario has opened up several areas for businesses to contribute towards social development. Companies have CSR teams that devise specific policies, strategies and goals for their CSR programs and set aside budgets to support them. Corporate Social Responsibility means the way in which business firms integrate environmental, economic and social concerns into their culture, values, strategy, decision making and operations in an accountable and transparent manner and therefore, leading to better creation of wealth, an improved society and better practices in the business organization. The research study has been undertaken by selecting three tea estates of Jorhat District of Assam, out of the total tea estates 135(Annual Report2013, Published tea Board of India). These tea estates are considered only Company based, tea estates for the study. This paper is about how Tea Industry performs their Social Responsibility towards their workers. Research is based on the three Tea Gardens industry i.e. how they fulfill their task towards the benefit of Society. In this paper, an attempt has been made to highlights how the companies based tea industries have introduced many workers welfare activities, social development programmes, better working conditions,provide better medical and sanitation facilities, sports and cultural activities in order to improve their standard of living of employees.

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Innovative Value Addition in Tea Industry: Sri Lanka vs. Japan

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27492/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Herath Mudiyanselage Chamila Gayani Pilapitiya ◽

Saliya De Silva ◽

Hideo Miyazaki

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Product Innovation ◽

Historical Analysis ◽

Black Tea ◽

Firm Level ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Average Value ◽

Radical Innovations ◽

Tea Industry ◽

Farmer Organizations

Abstract Sri Lanka is the third largest tea exporter in the world but nearly 60% of its exports are comprised of bulk tea. Bulk tea secures the lowest prices in world tea market. Sri Lanka earned an average value of US$4.83 per kilogram from 2014 to 2018 for its tea exports, compared to US$24.24 per kilogram in Japan, a highly innovative tea-producing country. The objective of this study is to examine the root causes of product innovation in Sri Lanka, as compared to Japan, by conducting a historical analysis of literature followed by field surveys in Sri Lanka and Ureshino, Japan. About 98% of the tea produced in Sri Lanka is black tea and has mainly focused on incremental innovations in blending, flavoring and packaging than radical innovations. Japan produces a large number of innovative beverage and non-beverage products from tea. Having a large number of small and medium processing factories (4698), Japan’s product innovation capabilities are mainly attributed to firm-level factors and support services. This study recommends that Sri Lanka should link together farmer organizations, processing factories, research institutes and universities to make its tea industry more innovative.

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COVID-19 and Other Challenges: A Case Study of Certified Organic Green Tea Producers in China

Critical Sociology ◽

10.1177/0896920520975843 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 089692052097584

Author(s):

Ksenia Gerasimova ◽

Jiping Sheng ◽

Jiang Zhao

Keyword(s):

Organic Agriculture ◽

Timely Manner ◽

Domestic Markets ◽

For Profit ◽

Tea Industry ◽

Western Concept ◽

Organic Tea ◽

Certified Organic ◽

Depth Interviews

This article explores how the western concept of “organic agriculture” has been applied in the traditional Chinese tea industry and how it has been tested during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using in-depth interviews and observations made during 2017–2020, we analyzed different meanings of organic agriculture and values that were given by Chinese farmers who are certified organic producers. Although organic agriculture, particular certified by international certification standards, is a foreign concept, producers invested efforts that go beyond the commercial pursuit for profit. Most importantly, the combination of the reiterated cultural meaning and health benefits of the certified organic tea with the visionary strategy has allowed these producers to shift in a timely manner from export to domestic markets and adapt to the pandemic’s barriers presented to the global trade.

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A decision framework for location-allocation problems: A case study in tea industry

2008 4th IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology ◽

10.1109/icmit.2008.4654515 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

R. Tavakkoli-Moghaddm ◽

A. Siadat ◽

A. Kaboli

Keyword(s):

Decision Framework ◽

Location Allocation ◽

Tea Industry ◽

Allocation Problems

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Penentuan Keunggulan Kompetitif Pemasaran Teh Melalui Audit Strategi Marketing Plus (Kasus Pada PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII Jawa Barat)

Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian ◽

10.35138/paspalum.v6i1.72 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Utan Sahiro Ritonga

Keyword(s):

Competitive Advantage ◽

Marketing Strategy ◽

Confidence Level ◽

Marketing Mix ◽

Quantitative Approach ◽

West Java ◽

Left Behind ◽

Tea Industry ◽

Industry Competition

The goal of this research is to measure the competitive advantage in tea marketing with a case study on PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII West Java, and describing the deciding factors in the improvement of competitive advantage in tea marketing competition. The method used in this research is case study with quantitative approach using marketing plus strategy audit by comparing the values of Company Alignment Index (CAI) and Competitive Setting Index (CSI). The calculation of both indexes is obtained from questionnaires about the confidence level of the respondents who manage the marketing policies of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII. By comparing CSI value which is consisted of Customer (C1), Competitor (C3), Change-Driven (C4) against CAI which is consisted of Company (C2) which would be the measure of the competitive advantage of the company’s marketing strategy. From the analysis results, it can be seen that a negative gap of -1.09 where the value of CAI < CSI would mean that the company does not possess the competitive advantage in tea marketing strategy, and is relatively left behind in terms of tea industry competition. It can be learned that the cause of such low score in tea marketing strategy is caused by the low score of segmentation = 1 in the strategy, value with a score of 1.72 in the process, tactics which is consisted of differentiation = 2.63 and marketing mix = 2.63. To achieve competitive advantage in an ideal markting strategy, the factors that contribute to the marketing strategy competitive advantage value should be considered in the implementation of tea marketing strategy.

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ESTABLISHING A COMBINED FORECASTING MODEL: A CASE STUDY ON THE LOGISTIC DEMAND OF NANJING’S GREEN TEA INDUSTRY IN CHINA

Technological and Economic Development of Economy ◽

10.3846/tede.2020.14008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Hung-Lung Lin ◽

Chin-Tsai Lin

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Limited Data ◽

Tea Leaves ◽

Use Of Time ◽

Tea Industry ◽

Forecasting Method ◽

Logistics Demand ◽

Combined Forecasting ◽

The Ideal

The sales logistics of tea leaves is a process that organically integrates basic logistics activities, including transportation, storage, loading, unloading, carrying, packaging, distribution processing, delivery, and information processing. This process requires quick and accurate forecasting of the logistics demand in the green tea market and the provision of feedback to businesses and farming partners, revealing the need for a simple and accurate forecasting method. Responding to and solving the unclear information and limited data available regarding the green tea market are critical. Therefore, this study established a simple, quick, and accurate model through the use of time series and the technique for ordering preferences by similarity to the ideal solution. Finally, the actual logistics demand in the Nanjing green tea industry was employed to verify the proposed model’s practicality and feasibility, which may provide a critical reference for relevant parties such as businesses and researchers.

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Management and Technological Adoption of Black Tea Producers Emerging in Japan: Case Study in Okinawa

E-journal GEO ◽

10.4157/ejgeo.12.192 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 192-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ARAI W. Sachiho ◽

NAGATA Junji

Keyword(s):

Black Tea ◽

Technological Adoption

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Local industrial policies and development of agricultural clusters: a case study based on a tea cluster in China

International Food and Agribusiness Management Review ◽

10.22434/ifamr2019.0154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 267-288

Author(s):

Lyuhang Zhao ◽

Jianqing Ruan ◽

Xinjie Shi

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Single Case ◽

Industrial Cluster ◽

Market Failures ◽

Case Study Method ◽

Industrial Policies ◽

Evolution And Development ◽

Tea Industry

The purpose of this study is to discuss the effectiveness of local industrial policies and show that effective industrial policies contribute to both the evolution and development of the cluster in the Chinese context, based on comparative advantages and market failures. We adopted a single case study method and conducted interviews with 30 stakeholders in the tea clusters; a documentary investigation was also used as a supplement. This case study finds that local industrial policies have played an important role when market failures occur in the development of agricultural clusters. The local government implemented a series of industrial policies to promote the progress of the tea industry at various stages of development. The case study further demonstrates what can be considered as an effective industrial policy in the dynamic process of agricultural development. This case also provides empirical evidence for local governments to remain sensitive to challenges and to develop timely industrial policies when an industrial cluster is faced with either opportunities or crises. Therefore, it has implications for local governments that need to improve agriculture in undeveloped regions.

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