Models, the Establishment, and the Real World: Why Do So Many Flood Problems Remain in the UK?

The application of complexity science to policy for critical infrastructure systems has never been more important. A number of issues highlight the need for policy to match the complexity of the co-evolving environment: increasing interdependency between utilities, uncontrolled demand leading to over use of diminishing resources, diverse technological opportunities with unclear investment choices, governance at different scales, public-private ownership differences and emerging business models. Systems are now so complex that people do not understand the interdependencies. Individual utilities are optimised with limited redundancy so that even minor failures can lead to major impacts throughout the whole infrastructure environment. This article proposes an ontology of critical infrastructure in which the points of conversion in the system are the generic units of analysis. Each conversion point has a set of properties representing its real world description. This ontological perspective highlights the inter-disciplinary nature of critical infrastructure systems. It also allows, through the adoption of an agent-based modelling approach, the simulation of different environmental constraints, such as those of resource availability. Methodologically, such modelling provides an abstracted view of infrastructure systems that simplifies the real world but allows policy options to be tested based on assumptions about behaviour in response to exogenous changes. Epistemologically, it focuses on a dynamic, co-evolutionary understanding of the system transition over time by examining holistic, systemic outcomes, connecting micro behaviours with macro structures. A case study of critical infrastructure in Yorkshire in the UK provides an exemplar of complexity in the real world. The model, a metaphysical representation, demonstrates how policy can be connected with the real world. This paper focuses on the infrastructure in the UK but the principles will apply to other countries.

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Nutrition in the real world – patient outcomes from a multidisciplinary nutrition clinic in a large district general hospital (non-intestinal failure) setting in the UK

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN ◽

10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.12.065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 276

Author(s):

D. Oliver ◽

C. Morrison

Keyword(s):

General Hospital ◽

Patient Outcomes ◽

Real World ◽

Intestinal Failure ◽

District General Hospital ◽

The Real ◽

The Uk

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Understanding Law in Many Worlds: Socio- and Empirical Legal Research in the UK and Germany

Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie ◽

10.1515/zfrs-2007-0204 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Bettina Lange

Keyword(s):

Empirical Research ◽

Real World ◽

Policy Recommendations ◽

Legal Research ◽

Many Worlds ◽

The Real ◽

Legal Studies ◽

The Many ◽

The Uk ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThis article discusses the Nuffield inquiry report ‘ Law in the Real World: Improving our Understanding of How Law Works’. It suggests that the report matters not just because of the many policy recommendations it puts forward for the development of empirical legal research. It makes also important reading because it constructs a particular account of socio-legal and in particular empirical legal research in the UK. The article highlights three issues which are central to the picture presented in the report. It suggests that further debate concerning theses issues - especially in a comparative context - can also help to move the socio-legal enterprise forward. These three issues are the relationship between theoretical and empirical research, a tension between openness and closure among the different disciplines involved in socio-legal research, and finally the relationship between institutions and individuals in advancing socio-legal studies.

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Carbon reduction in the real world: how the UK will surpass its Kyoto obligations

Climate Policy ◽

10.3763/cpol.2001.0133 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 309-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nick Eyre

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

The Real ◽

Carbon Reduction ◽

The Uk

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The use of nusinersen in the “real world”: the UK and Ireland experience with the expanded access program (EAP)

Neuromuscular Disorders ◽

10.1016/s0960-8966(18)30364-x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. S25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Scoto ◽

A. Manzur ◽

M. Main ◽

P. Munot ◽

R. Tillmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

The Real ◽

Expanded Access ◽

Expanded Access Program ◽

The Uk ◽

Access Program

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WHATSAPP (WA) DAN KONSEP JARAK SOSIAL BARU DI MASYARAKAT

Expose Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi ◽

10.33021/exp.v1i2.445 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 134

Author(s):

Afina Amna

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Social Distance ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Public Communication ◽

The Real ◽

Know How ◽

The Right ◽

Selection Of ◽

Do So

Abstract. Whatsapp (WA) as a new social media changes people's communication in cyberspace. Communication that initially can only be done in the real world, develops with the existence of cyberspace that makes communication can be done without having to meet, and can be done quickly and can be felt as if real. For this reason, this study aims to find out how public communication is before there is WA and after there is WA? Does WA change the concept of social distance for society? This research is important to do so that we know how WA as an active and massive communication media used by the community can change the concept of new social distance in society. The method used is qualitative data collection through interviews with several WA users. This interview was conducted by random sampling method with the selection of informants randomly. The theory used in this study is the theory of social distance. This study found that WA changed communication in cyberspace and WA also changed the concept of new social distance because after massive WA groups were used, people were free to disseminate information and had the right to comment without fear of social distance in the real world. People can also more easily realize their sympathies because groups in WA make it easier for them to carry out information and coordination to be able to carry out activities that show sympathy for others. Keywords: Communication, Whatsapp, Social Distance

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Hearing without listening: Attending to a quiet audiobook

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1080/17470218.2017.1345959 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 (8) ◽

pp. 1663-1671 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hettie Roebuck ◽

Kun Guo ◽

Patrick Bourke

Keyword(s):

Sustained Attention ◽

Real World ◽

The Real ◽

Hearing Ability ◽

Spoken Words ◽

Low Volume ◽

Cognitive Consequences ◽

And Performance ◽

Over Time ◽

Do So

Careful systematic tests of hearing ability may miss the cognitive consequences of sub-optimal hearing when listening in the real world. In Experiment 1, sub-optimal hearing is simulated by presenting an audiobook at a quiet but discriminable level over 50 min. Recall of facts, words and inferences are assessed and performance compared to another group at a comfortable listening volume. At the quiet intensity, participants are able to detect, discriminate and identify spoken words but do so at a cost to sequential accuracy and fact recall when attention must be sustained over time. To exclude other interpretations, the effects are studied in Experiment 2 by comparing recall to the same sentences presented in isolation. Here, the differences disappear. The results demonstrate that the cognitive consequences of listening at low volume arise when sustained attention is demanded over time.

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P433 A real-world observational study assessing treatment persistence in ulcerative colitis patients receiving anti-TNF treatment (golimumab or adalimumab)

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis ◽

10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.562 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S394-S394

Author(s):

S Hoque ◽

S Boccaletti ◽

A Puenpatom ◽

C Brown ◽

C Black ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Real World ◽

Treatment Initiation ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Real World Data ◽

Biologic Treatment ◽

Treatment Persistence ◽

Free Survival ◽

The Real ◽

The Uk

Abstract Background There are limited published observational data describing both clinical outcomes and treatment persistence rates for anti-TNFs used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC), particularly for golimumab. Based on published literature the outcomes demonstrated in clinical trials do not necessarily translate into clinical practice, highlighting the importance of real-world studies. In this study, we evaluated treatment persistence, switching patterns, and colectomy outcomes between golimumab and adalimumab in the real-world setting. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted across 16 NHS sites in the UK. Data describing demographics, treatment history and colectomy were collected for UC patients treated with either golimumab or adalimumab. Patients were receiving golimumab or adalimumab as first or second-line therapy and initiating treatment between 1 March 2016 and 30 September 2017. Patients enrolled were required to have at least 6 months of data for analyses, and were followed within 12 months where the data were available. Kaplan–Meier analysis was conducted to assess time to discontinuation and also time to colectomy; log-rank tests were used to compare the two treatment arms. Results A total of 183 patients, (87 golimumab, 96 adalimumab), mean age was 45.6 years (46.8 years golimumab; 44.4 years adalimumab) and 59.6% were male (71.3% golimumab; 49.0% adalimumab), were included. Overall, 79.8% (78.2% golimumab; 81.3% adalimumab) of patients were receiving their first-line biologic. Treatment persistence with golimumab or adalimumab were relatively similar; 64.4% of golimumab and 64.6% of adalimumab patients remaining on treatment at 12 months (p = 0.7, Figure 1). Of the 65 patients who discontinued treatment within 12 months, 48.4% golimumab and 64.7% adalimumab switched to another biologic. Of those patients who switched, vedolizumab was the most commonly prescribed drug (56.8%), followed by infliximab biosimilar (Inflectra/Remsima) (29.7%) and infliximab (Remicade) (13.5%). Colectomy-free survival was demonstrated by 92.0% golimumab and 91.7% of adalimumab patients 12 months post-treatment initiation (p = 0.7). Conclusion The real-world data collected in this study demonstrate comparable treatment persistence for golimumab compared with adalimumab 12 months following treatment initiation. Colectomy-free survival was relatively similar within 1 year.

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