scholarly journals Direct and indirect effects of multilevel factors on school-based physical activity among Japanese adolescent boys

Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li He ◽  
Kaori Ishii ◽  
Ai Shibata ◽  
Minoru Adachi ◽  
Keiko Nonoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
School Based

Keep Your Brain Tissue Healthy

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-66
Author(s):  
Charles Alessi ◽  
Larry W. Chambers ◽  
Muir Gray
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

This chapter starts by advising how to reduce the impact of stress. When stress becomes long term, the immune system becomes less sensitive to cortisol, and since inflammation is partly regulated by this hormone, this decreased sensitivity heightens the inflammatory response and allows inflammation to get out of control, increasing our risk of many diseases. You can reduce your stress yourself through a variety of methods, including physical activity and mindfulness-based stress reduction. Adequate sleep is also a major factor that can improve cognitive abilities and reduce the risk of dementia, and this chapter outlines what we need to know about sleep cycles, insomnia, and sleep disordered breathing, and how to sleep more and sleep better. The chapter then covers how to protect your brain from over medication (polypharmacy). It finishes by discussing how to maintain and indeed increase your levels of physical activity, and how increasing physical activity has both direct and indirect effects on the brain.

scholarly journals Efficacy of School-Based Interventions for Improving Muscular Fitness Outcomes in Adolescent Boys: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Cox ◽  
Stuart J. Fairclough ◽  
Maria-Christina Kosteli ◽  
Robert J. Noonan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adolescent Males ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Muscular Fitness ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Based Interventions

Abstract Background It has been reported that boys’ and girls’ physical activity (PA) levels decline throughout adolescence. Boys are at risk of physical inactivity during adolescence; however, in intervention research, they are an under-represented group relative to girls. It is suggested that the school environment may be central to developing interventions that support adolescents in meeting the current PA guidelines. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of school-based physical activity interventions for improving muscular fitness (MF) in adolescent males. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the preferred reporting systems for meta-analyses guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO (Registration number: CRD42018091023). Eligible studies were published in English within peer-reviewed articles. Searches were conducted in three databases, with an additional grey literature search in Google Scholar. Studies investigating MF outcomes were included. Results There were 43 data sets identified across 11 studies, from seven countries. Overall methodological quality of the studies was moderate-to-strong. Interventions targeting MF evidenced a small-to-medium effect (g = 0.32, CI 0.17, 0.48, p < 0.00). Subgroup analyses of MF delivery method resulted in small-to-medium effects: upper limb MF measures (g = 0.28, 95% CI − 0.02, 0.58, p = 0.07), lower limb MF measures (g = 0.28, 95% CI 0.09, 0.68, p = 0.03), combined MF activities (g = 0.24, 95% CI − 0.04 to 0.49, p = 0.05), plyometric activities (g = 0.39, 95% CI 0.09, 0.68, p = 0.01), body weight (g = 0.27, 95% CI − 0.10, 0.65, p = 0.15), and traditional MF methods (g = 0.43, 95% CI 0.09, 0.78, p = 0.01). Conclusions School-based interventions which aimed to increase MF outcomes in adolescent boys demonstrated small-to-moderate effects. Traditional and plyometric methods of resistance training appear to be the most effective form of PA delivery in adolescent males. More quality research is required to assess the impact of MF delivered in the school environment to inform future intervention design.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Inquiry into the Eating Behavior and Physical Activity of Adolescent Girls and Boys in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S122-S131
Author(s):  
Airin Roshita ◽  
Peter Riddell-Carre ◽  
Revyani Sjahrial ◽  
Dee Jupp ◽  
Harriet Torlesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Adolescent Nutrition ◽  
School Based ◽  
Adolescent Girls And Boys

Background: Despite the rising double burden of malnutrition, adolescent nutrition has received little attention in Indonesia. Eating and physical activity behaviors established in adolescence are known to track into adulthood and may contribute to chronic diseases in later life. This study aimed to explore the eating behaviors and physical activity of Indonesian adolescents, and their influencing factors. Methods: The study, designed as a qualitative study, was conducted in 2 selected districts in Indonesia: Klaten and Lombok Barat. Data were collected through immersion, open and informal discussions, and participant observations with 302 adolescent girls and boys. Results: The eating and physical activity behaviors of adolescent boys and girls are influenced by contextual changes in their family lifestyles and environment. The adolescents in this study only conflate physical activity with participation in sport. Even when a wider view of physical activity is cast, their level of physical activity remains low, especially for adolescent girls. Adolescents and their families generally eat 3 meals a day, with schools an important source of food for adolescents. Adolescents skip breakfast at home, and breakfast and lunch are usually purchased and eaten at school. Fewer families cook and families rarely eat together due to increasingly busy lives, increased mobility, and digital connectivity. Conclusions: The rapid contextual shifts taking place in Indonesia influence the home, school, and peer environment to shape eating behaviors and physical activity among adolescent boys and girls. Gender-responsive multicomponent school-based interventions have the potential to serve as an important entry point for influencing adolescent nutrition.

Direct and indirect effects of poor sleep quality on body mass index and waist circumference in a female population-based study in Southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Heloísa Marquardt Leite ◽  
Anderson Garcez ◽  
Fernanda Bairros ◽  
Juvenal Soares Dias da Costa ◽  
Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Intermediate Variables

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of poor sleep quality on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), considering behavioral factors as intermediate variables. Design: A population-based cross-sectional study design was adopted. Data were collected between February and October 2015. Poor sleep quality was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-BR). Weight, height (used to calculate BMI), and WC were measured using standard protocols. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and fast food consumption were considered intermediate variables. Non-standardized effects were estimated by path analysis with bootstrapped confidence intervals (CIs). Setting: Urban region of the city of São Leopoldo, southern Brazil. Participants: Representative sample of 1,117 women aged between 20 and 69 years. Results: Poor sleep quality (higher PSQI-BR scores) was significantly associated with low physical activity levels (β = -0.05; 95%CI = -0.09 to -0.01). High physical activity levels were associated with lower BMI (β = -0.21; 95%CI = -0.37 to -0.07) and WC (β = -0.64; 95% CI = -1.00 to -0.30). There was a non-significant direct effect of poor sleep quality on BMI and WC. However, low physical activity showed a significant indirect effect on the association between poor sleep quality and increased WC (β = 0.03; 95%CI = 0.01 to 0.07). Conclusion: The results indicate that the association between sleep quality and WC is mediated by physical activity. This finding can assist in the development of strategies to prevent and reduce abdominal obesity in adult women.

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