scholarly journals Size Variation of Palm Kernel Shells as Replacement of Coarse Aggregate for Lightweight Concrete Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 153-165
Author(s):  
Humphrey Danso ◽  
Frank Appiah-Agyei
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Agricultural Waste as a Partial Substitute for Granite as Coarse Aggregate

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Joshua Chukwuemeka Emeghai ◽  
Ogheneale Umukoro Orie
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

The paper investigated the effect of using Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) as a partial substitute for granite as coarse aggregate in concrete production, aimed at developing an alternative form of construction material without compromising structural integrity. Randomly sourced dried and undried palm kernel shells, were used to replace coarse aggregate by weight to a standard mix ratio of 1:2:4:0.54. The dried shells were obtained by heating in an improvised oven at 800C. The physical and geotechnical properties of the aggregates were determined. Results showed that the aggregate impact value of granite and PKS used were 0.228 and 0.104 respectively. The substitution of the coarse aggregate was varied from 0% to 20%. A slump test was used to determine the workability of the fresh concrete. A total of 108 concrete cubes measuring 100mm×100mm×100mm were investigated at 7days, 14days, 21days and 28days. The control mix gave compressive strengths of 25.67 N/mm2, 29.83 N/mm2, 31.33 N/mm2 and 35.67 N/mm2 at 7, 14, 21 and 28days respectively. The compressive strengths of undried PKS cement blended concrete and dried PKS substitute at 5% were 23.17 N/mm2, 27.00 N/mm2, 28.00 N/mm2, 26.00 N/mm2 and 17.50 N/mm2, 16.17 N/mm2, 18.16 N/mm2, 20.00 N/mm2 respectively for 7, 14, 21 and 28days curing periods. The highest compressive strength of 28.00 N/mm2 decreased by 21.50% from the control of 35.67 N/mm2. This compressive strength is adequate for light weight construction works as specified by BS EN 206:2013.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Cement Ratios on Compressive Strength of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (Issue 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O Adeyemi ◽  
M.A Anifowose ◽  
I.O Amototo ◽  
S.A Adebara ◽  
M.Y Olawuyi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

This study examined the effect of varying water cement ratio on the compressive strength of concrete produced using palm kernel shell (PKS) as coarse aggregate at different replacement levels. The replacement levels of coarse aggregate with palm kernel shells (PKS) were 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% respectively. PKS concrete cubes (144 specimens) of sizes 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were cast and cured in water for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively. A mix ratio of 1:2:4 was adopted with water-cement ratio of 0.45, 0.5, and 0.6 respectively while the batching was done by weight. Slump test was conducted on fresh concrete while compressive strength test was carried out on the hardened concrete cubes using a compression testing machine of 2000kN capacity. The result of tests on fresh concrete shows that the slump height of 0.45 water cement ratio (w/c) increases with an increase in PKS%. This trend was similar to 0.50 and 0.60 w/c. However, the compressive strength of concrete cube decreases with an increase in w/c (from 0.45 to 0.60) but increases with respect to curing age and also decreases with increase in PKS%. Concrete with 0.45 water-cement ratio possess the highest compressive strength. It was observed that PKS is not a good substitute for coarse aggregate in mix ratio 1:2:4 for concrete productions. Hence, the study suggest the use of chemical admixture such as superplasticizer or calcium chloride in order to improve the strength of palm kernel shells-concrete.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Light Weight Concrete Using Coconut Shell and Fly Ash

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 752-758
Author(s):  
Barkha Verma
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Coconut Shells

Abstract: Aggregates provide volume at low cost, comprising 66% to 78% of the concrete. With increasing concern over the excessive exploitation of natural and quality aggregates, the aggregate produced from industrial wastes and agricultural wastes is the viable new source for building material. This study was carried out to determine the possibilities of using coconut shells as aggregate in concrete. Utilizing coconut shells as aggregate in concrete production not only solves the problem of disposing of this solid waste but also helps conserve natural resources. In this paper, the physical properties of crushed coconut shell aggregate were presented. The fresh concrete properties such as the density and slump and 28 days compressive strength of lightweight concrete made with coconut shell as coarse aggregate were also presented. The findings indicate that water absorption of the coconut shell aggregate was high about 24% but crushing value and impact value were comparable to that of other lightweight aggregates. The average fresh concrete density and 28days cube compressive strength of the concrete using coconut shell aggregate 1975kg/m3 and 19.1 N/mm2 respectively. It is concluded that crushed coconut shell is suitable when it is used as a substitute for conventional aggregates in lightweight concrete production. Keywords: Coarse Aggregate, Cement, Concrete, Fly Ash, Coconut shell Aggregate, Water, Compressive Strength, Workability, Fine Aggregate.

IMPACT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF GRANITE WITH PERIWINKLE AND PALM KERNEL SHELLS ON CONCRETE STRENGTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunle E. Ogundipe ◽  
Adekunle M. Ajao ◽  
Babatunde F. Ogunbayo ◽  
Adewale S. Adeyi
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Strength Parameter ◽  
Grain Size Distributions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

Concrete has been universally known as conventional building material, which has great effect on walling unit of building production and its component. This experimental study sought the strength parameter of concrete produced with partial replacement of granite with 25% of Periwinkle and 25% Palm kernel shells respectively for future intending use.12 concrete cubes were produced with design mix of 1: 1½: 3 concrete and they were cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days to attain maximum strength. Physical properties conducted on the materials were specific gravity (SG), water absorption (WA), grain size distributions, dry and bulk density and mechanical property was also determined through compressive strength to analyze the strength parameter of the concrete. The outcome of the mean strength of three concrete cubes produced, revealed that it increased as the age of concrete progresses from 9.93 N/mm2 at 7 days, to 12.35 N/mm2 at 14 days, 13.73 N/mm2 at 21 days, and as high as 14.93 N/mm2 at 28 days respectively. Therefore, a design mix of 1: 1½: 3 of concrete produced with 25% Periwinkle and 25% Palm kernel shells is advised to be used for lightweight concrete and non-load bearing components in building especially pedestrian, non-motorable way, kerbs for cost effective and waste reduction.

scholarly journals Investigating the Performance of Palm Kernel Shells and Periwinkle Shells as Coarse Aggregates in Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.J Oladiran ◽  
D.R Simeon ◽  
O.A Olatunde
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells ◽  
Periwinkle Shell

Excessive usage of materials is causing fast depletion of natural stone deposit. This study therefore investigates the performance of palm kernel shells (PKS) and periwinkle shells (PS) as alternatives coarse aggregates in concrete. Forty cubes and 40 cylinders each were produced with PKS and PS as replacement materials for granite. Series of tests were conducted to determine their performances. The results showed that, compressive and tensile strengths decrease as PKS and PS content increases, which allow specific area to increase, thus requiring more cement paste to bond effectively with the shells. The result also revealed that for all curing ages, palm kernel shell concrete (PKSC) have lower compressive strength and tensile strength than periwinkle shell concrete (PSC). The compressive strength and tensile strength of the 28-day PKSC with 100% replacement were 4.33 N/mm2 and 3.68 N/mm2 respectively; that of PSC at 100% replacement were 5.89 N/mm2 and 4.95 N/mm2 respectively; and granite concrete without any replacement were 25.11 N/mm2 and 11.74 N/mm2 respectively. It is concluded that both PKSC and PSC satisfied the compressive strength and tensile strength requirement of light weight concrete, although PS has better gradation and bonding to cement than PKS. This implies that PS is best suited as replacement for granite in lightweight concrete than PKS. It is recommended that the mix-ratio should be altered to get higher values of compressive strength; and both PKS and PS should be used for lightweight concretes.

scholarly journals Affordable housing issue: Experimental investigation on properties of eco-friendly lightweight concrete produced from incorporating periwinkle and palm kernel shells

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 100193
Author(s):  
Kunle E. Ogundipe ◽  
Babatunde F. Ogunbayo ◽  
Oluwarotimi M. Olofinnade ◽  
Lekan M. Amusan ◽  
Clinton O. Aigbavboa
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Housing Issue ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

scholarly journals Measurement of thermal conductivity in lightweight concrete produced with ground stone residue

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (74) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio Nelson Mateus Lucas ◽  
Maximiliano dos Anjos Azambuja ◽  
Vicente Luiz Scalon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Ground Stone ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Production Technologies

With the advancement of concrete production technologies, such as the development of additives, use of different aggregates, dosing methods, mixing and application equipment, they have contributed to the emergence of concrete with special characteristics, as is the case with light concrete. Given the above, this research continues the experimental studies of structural lightweight concrete with expanded clay (coarse aggregate) developed by Lucas and Azambuja (2020). This research presents the results of mechanical properties at older ages, 28 days 214 days for Trait 1 (AN100%) and Trait 2 (AB20%) compared to the results of 7 days of age, however, the main contribution was the measurement of thermal conductivity with construction of a low-cost prototype in accordance with NBR 15220-4:2005, using the protected hot plate method. The results showed compressive strength values ​​of a minimum of 17,8 MPa at 7 days of age and a maximum of 28,6 MPa at 214 days, values ​​above 17 MPa established by NBR NM 35:1995 at 28 days, as well as the tensile strength by diametrical compression, which also presented values ​​that served as a basis for framing concrete as lightweight and structural. The evaluation of thermal conductivity was performed using a hot plate, in which the results were satisfactory between 0,44 and 0,71 W/(m.k), appropriate values ​​to answer the question of thermal performance, thus as well as complying with the established by ABNT NBR 15220-2:2008.

scholarly journals Structural Lightweight Concrete Production by Using Oil Palm Shell

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habibur Rahman Sobuz ◽  
Noor Md. Sadiqul Hasan ◽  
Nafisa Tamanna ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Shell ◽  
Concrete Production

Conventional building materials are widely used in a developing country like Malaysia. This type of material is costly. Oil palm shell (OPS) is a type of farming solid waste in the tropical region. This paper aims to investigate strength characteristics and cost analysis of concrete produced using the gradation of OPS 0–50% on conventional coarse aggregate with the mix proportions 1 : 1.65 : 2.45, 1 : 2.5 : 3.3, and 1 : 3.3 : 4.2 by the weight of ordinary Portland cement, river sand, crushed stone, and OPS as a substitution for coarse aggregate. The corresponding w/c ratios were used: 0.45, 0.6, and 0.75, respectively, for the defined mix proportions. Test results indicate that compressive strength of concrete decreased as the percentage of the OPS increased in each mix ratio. Other properties of OPS concrete, namely, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, splitting tensile strength, and density, were also determined and compared to the corresponding properties of conventional concrete. Economic analysis also indicates possible cost reduction of up to 15% due to the use of OPS as coarse aggregate. Finally, it is concluded that the use of OPS has great potential in the production of structural lightweight concrete.

scholarly journals The Feasibility of Palm Kernel Shell as a Replacement for Coarse Aggregate in Lightweight Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 012040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarina Itam ◽  
Salmia Beddu ◽  
Nur Liyana Mohd Kamal ◽  
Md Ashraful Alam ◽  
Usama Issa Ayash
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell
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