scholarly journals Seasonal Effect of Sunlight on COVID-19 among Countries with and without Lock-Downs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 303-325
Author(s):  
Jose-Luis Sagripanti
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Effect

scholarly journals Assessing dry weather flow contribution in TSS and COD storm events loads in combined sewer systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2983-2991 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Métadier ◽  
J. L. Bertrand-Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Continuous Discharge

Continuous high resolution long term turbidity measurements along with continuous discharge measurements are now recognised as an appropriate technique for the estimation of in sewer total suspended solids (TSS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) loads during storm events. In the combined system of the Ecully urban catchment (Lyon, France), this technique is implemented since 2003, with more than 200 storm events monitored. This paper presents a method for the estimation of the dry weather (DW) contribution to measured total TSS and COD event loads with special attention devoted to uncertainties assessment. The method accounts for the dynamics of both discharge and turbidity time series at two minutes time step. The study is based on 180 DW days monitored in 2007–2008. Three distinct classes of DW days were evidenced. Variability analysis and quantification showed that no seasonal effect and no trend over the year were detectable. The law of propagation of uncertainties is applicable for uncertainties estimation. The method has then been applied to all measured storm events. This study confirms the interest of long term continuous discharge and turbidity time series in sewer systems, especially in the perspective of wet weather quality modelling.

Seasonal effect on chemical composition and biological activities of Sonoran propolis

2012 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Valencia ◽  
Efrain Alday ◽  
Ramon Robles-Zepeda ◽  
Adriana Garibay-Escobar ◽  
Juan C. Galvez-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Seasonal Effect

scholarly journals Magnetopause energy transfer dependence on the interplanetary magnetic field and the Earth's magnetic dipole axis orientation

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Palmroth ◽  
R. C. Fear ◽  
I. Honkonen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Interplanetary Magnetic Field ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Dipole Orientation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Axis Orientation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Imf

Abstract. We examine the spatial variation of magnetospheric energy transfer using a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation (GUMICS-4) and a large data set of flux transfer events (FTEs) observed by the Cluster spacecraft. Our main purpose is to investigate whether it is possible to validate previous results on the spatial energy transfer variation from the GUMICS-4 simulation using the statistical occurrence of FTEs, which are manifestations of magnetospheric energy transfer. Previous simulation results have suggested that the energy transfer pattern at the magnetopause rotates according to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation, and here we investigate whether a similar rotation is seen in the locations at which FTE signatures are observed. We find that there is qualitative agreement between the simulation and observed statistics, as the peaks in both distributions rotate as a function of the IMF clock angle. However, it is necessary to take into account the modulation of the statistical distribution that is caused by a bias towards in situ FTE signatures being observed in the winter hemisphere (an effect that has previously been predicted and observed in this data set). Taking this seasonal effect into account, the FTE locations support the previous simulation results and confirm the earlier prediction that the energy transfers in the plane of the IMF. In addition, we investigate the effect of the dipole orientation (both the dipole tilt angle and its orientation in the plane perpendicular to the solar wind flow) on the energy transfer spatial distribution. We find that the energy transfer occurs mainly in the summer hemisphere, and that the dayside reconnection region is located asymmetrically about the subsolar position. Finally, we find that the energy transfer is 10% larger at equinox conditions than at solstice, contributing to the discussion concerning the semiannual variation of magnetospheric dynamics (known as "the Russell-McPherron effect").

Seasonal effect of GnIH on gonadotrope functions in the pituitary of goldfish

2012 ◽  
Vol 350 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moussavi ◽  
M. Wlasichuk ◽  
J.P. Chang ◽  
H.R. Habibi
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Effect

scholarly journals Longitudinal sampling of external mucosae in farmed European seabass reveals the impact of water temperature on bacterial dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Rosado ◽  
Raquel Xavier ◽  
Jo Cable ◽  
Ricardo Severino ◽  
Pedro Tarroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
European Seabass ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFish microbiota are intrinsically linked to health and fitness, but they are highly variable and influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. Water temperature particularly limits bacterial adhesion and growth, impacting microbial diversity and bacterial infections on the skin and gills. Aquaculture is heavily affected by infectious diseases, especially in warmer months, and industry practices often promote stress and microbial dysbiosis, leading to an increased abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria. In this regard, fish mucosa health is extremely important because it provides a primary barrier against pathogens. We used 16 rRNA V4 metataxonomics to characterize the skin and gill microbiota of the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, and the surrounding water over 12 months, assessing the impact of water temperature on microbial diversity and function. We show that the microbiota of external mucosae are highly dynamic with consistent longitudinal trends in taxon diversity. Several potentially pathogenic genera (Aliivibrio, Photobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio) were highly abundant, showing complex interactions with other bacterial genera, some of which with recognized probiotic activity, and were also significantly impacted by changes in temperature. The surrounding water temperature influenced fish microbial composition, structure and function over time (days and months). Additionally, dysbiosis was more frequent in warmer months and during transitions between cold/warm months. We also detected a strong seasonal effect in the fish microbiota, which is likely to result from the compound action of several unmeasured environmental factors (e.g., pH, nutrient availability) beyond temperature. Our results highlight the importance of performing longitudinal studies to assess the impact of environmental factors on fish microbiotas.

Strong earthquake activity influenced by solar flare intensity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Duma
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flares ◽  
Strong Earthquake ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Earthquake Activity ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
International Service ◽  
Earthquake Frequency ◽  
Magnetic Index ◽  
Magnetic Disturbances

<p>Based on the comprehensive earthquake catalogue USGS ( HYPERLINK<span>  </span>https://earthquake.usgs.gov) the paper demonstrates that strong earthquake activity, seismic events with M≥6, exhibits a seasonal trend. This feature is the result of<span>  </span>analyses of earthquake data for the N- and S- Earth Hemisphere in period 2010-2019. It can be shown also for single earthquake prone regions as well, like Japan, Eurasia, S-America.</p><p>Any seasonal effect suggests an external influence. In that regard, one can think also of a solar-terrestrial effect, that is suggested already in several studies (e.g<span>  </span>M.Tavares, A.Azevedo, 2011; D.A.E. Vares, M.A.Persinger,2014; G.Duma, 2019). This assumption leads to the question: Which dynamic process can cause a trigger effect for strong earthquakes in the Earth's lithosphere.</p><p>In this study the intensity of solar flares and the resulting radiation, the solar wind, towards the Earth was taken into account. An appropriate parameter which has been regularity measured and reported for many decades and which reflects the intensity of solar radiation is the magnetic index Kp. It is measured at numerous geomagnetic observatories and describes the magnetic disturbances in nT within 3 hour intervals, respectively. Averages of all the measured 3-hour values are then published as Kp, therefore considered a planetary parameter (International Service of Geomagnetic Indices ISGI,France).</p><p>The temporal variations of strong earthquake activity over 10 years and their energy release was compared with the above mentioned index Kp. Actually, a distinct correlation between the two quantities, Kp and earthquake frequency, resulted in cases of different regions as well as globally. Another essential result of the study is that maxima of Kp preceed those of earthquake activity by about 60 to 80 days in most cases. The mechanism has not yet been modeled satisfactorily.</p>

scholarly journals Zooplankton fluctuations in Jurumirim Reservoir (São Paulo, Brazil): a three-year study

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
LP. Sartori ◽  
MG. Nogueira ◽  
R. Henry ◽  
EM. Moretto
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Low Oxygen Concentration

During three consecutive years, monthly samples of zooplankton were taken in the lacustrine (dam) zone of Jurumirim (São Paulo, Brazil). The seasonal effect on basic limnological features (thermal regime, oxygen distribution, phytoplankton biomass, etc.) was also examined. The influence of the seasonality on the fluctuation of the zooplankton composition and abundance was not clearly detected (low degree of recurrent patterns). Rotifers (32 taxa) were the most abundant organisms during almost the entire study period with some seasonal alternations in the maximum abundance peaks of the main taxa (Conochilus unicornis, Keratella americana, K. cochlearis and Hexarthra spp.), except for Polyarthra (mainly P. vulgaris). Only occasionally copepods were numerically dominant. Higher copepod abundance was positively associated to periods of increase in the water retention time. Among the Copepoda (10 taxa) the calanoids (mainly Notodiaptomus iheringi) were more abundant, especially in warmer periods. Conversely, cyclopoids had higher abundance in autumn and winter. The species Thermocyclops minutus and T. decipiens co-occurred, but the first attained higher abundance. Some evidence of co-existence strategies between both species are considered. Cladocera (17 taxa) was never numerically dominant and the main taxa (Bosmina spp., Ceriodaphnia spp. and Diaphanosoma spp.) occurred almost the whole study period and did not present a seasonal pattern of fluctuation. Diaphanosoma (mainly D. birgei) attained the highest abundance among cladocerans. Most organisms were always found at the surface, but they also occupy the whole water column, even in periods of stratified conditions and low oxygen concentration in the bottom layers. Among the main zooplanktonic taxa, only Hexarthra avoids deep layers. An exceptionally high concentration of Copepoda nauplii on the surface was influenced by low transparency, high concentration of phytoplankton at this layer and low oxygen concentration at the bottom. In periods of higher retention timevariability there was a more heterogeneous distribution of the zooplankton in the water column. The increase in the retention time seems also to favor the copepod development. Finally, some inter-decade changes are considered on the basis of zooplankton assemblage structure observations.

Seasonal Effect of Ozone Concentrations on Mortality in 9 French Cities

Epidemiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S193-S194
Author(s):  
Mathilde Pascal ◽  
Edouard Chatignoux ◽  
Vérène Wagner ◽  
Myriam Blanchard ◽  
Magali Corso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Ozone Concentrations
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