Ambulance Vehicle Crashworthiness and Passive Safety Design: A Comparative Evaluation

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 464-472
Author(s):  
Nadine Levick ◽  
Raphael Grzebieta
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Safety Design ◽  
Vehicle Crashworthiness

scholarly journals An Investigation of Dynamic Responses and Head Injuries of Standing Subway Passengers during Collisions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Peng ◽  
Tuo Xu ◽  
Lin Hou ◽  
Chaojie Fan ◽  
Wei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Safety Design ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Set Up

With the development of the subway and the pressing demand of environmentally friendly transportation, more and more people travel by subway. In recent decades, the issues about passenger passive safety on the train have received extensive attention. In this research, the head injury of a standing passenger in the subway is investigated. Three MADYMO models of the different standing passenger postures, defined as baseline scenarios, are numerically set up. HIC15values of passengers with different postures are gained by systematic parametric studies. The injury numerical simulation results of various scenarios with different friction coefficients, collision acceleration, standing angle, horizontal handrail height, and ring handrail height are analyzed. Results show that the horizontal handrail provides better protection in the three different standing passenger postures. Different friction coefficients and the standing angle have great impact on the head injuries of passengers in three different scenarios. The handrail height also has some effects on head injury of passengers with different standing postures, so it is necessary to be considered when designing the interior layout of the subway. This study may provide guidance for the safety design of the subway and some advices for standing subway passengers.

PAM-OPT™/PAM-SOLID™: Optimization of Transport Vehicle Crash and Safety Design and Forming Processes

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Haug ◽  
P. Guyon
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Process Simulation ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Fast Solvers ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Safety Design ◽  
Transport Vehicle ◽  
Flow Charts ◽  
Vehicle Crashworthiness

Abstract Dynamic simulation solver codes are now extensively used by industry for the design verification of vehicle crashworthiness and for the process simulation of sheet metal forming. The logical next step is to use these by now proven codes for the optimization of the vehicle crash design and of metal forming processes. A step towards this goal has been taken by PSI, and an optimization code, PAM-OPT™, has been written for calling dynamic FE codes of the PAM-SOLID™ family in design and process optimization loops. The code interacts with the user via input, signalling and output files and it calls an interface that interacts with the FE solvers. The paper briefly outlines the properties and various flow charts of the optimizer, depending on single or multiple solvers used in the loop, single or parallel calls and fast solvers. Then the paper reports various applications of PAM-OPT™ in conjunction with the PAM-SFE™, PAM-CRASH™, PAM-SAFE™ and PAM-STAMP™ solvers. An outlook on how to replace the user-written interface with a general keyword-driven interface concludes the paper.

scholarly journals Advanced Integral Type Reactors: Passive Safety Design and Experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Li Shengqiang ◽  
Yanping Huang ◽  
Luciano Burgazzi ◽  
Annalisa Manera
Keyword(s):  
Passive Safety ◽  
Integral Type ◽  
Safety Design

A Stochastic Virtual Testing Approach in Vehicle Passive Safety Design: Effect of Scatter on Injury Response

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneloes Dalenoort ◽  
Gabriella Griotto ◽  
Herman Mooi ◽  
Hans Baldauf ◽  
Gerd Weissenbach
Keyword(s):  
Passive Safety ◽  
Injury Response ◽  
Design Effect ◽  
Virtual Testing ◽  
Safety Design ◽  
Testing Approach

Developments and Applications of Structural Optimization and Robustness Methods in Vehicle Impacts

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Yang ◽  
L. Gu ◽  
C. Soto ◽  
G. Li ◽  
T. Tyan
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Reliability Based Design ◽  
Vehicle Impact ◽  
Safety Design ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Vehicle Crashworthiness ◽  
Robust Reliability

Finite element based full vehicle structural crash simulation is an analysis tool commonly used in automotive industry to evaluate vehicle impact performance. As the simulations are computation intensive, special optimization methods and processes are often required. This paper presents recent developments and applications of structural safety optimization and robustness methods for vehicle crashworthiness. It addresses advanced methods in gauge, size, shape, topology optimization, and robust, reliability-based design optimization methods. Recent applications in vehicle safety design are presented and discussed.

Modeling Passive Safety in the Westinghouse Small Modular Reactor: Assessment of Wall Condensation and CMT Natural Circulation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liao ◽  
Vefa N. Kucukboyaci
Keyword(s):  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Reactor Safety ◽  
Heat Transfer Mechanism ◽  
The Core ◽  
Design Basis ◽  
Loss Of Coolant Accident ◽  
Small Modular Reactor ◽  
Loss Of Coolant ◽  
Safety Design

Passive safety design that utilizes gravity, natural circulation, heat sink and stored potential energy for reactor safety functions is being increasingly adopted in advanced reactors, especially in the small modular reactor (SMR) designs. The passive safety design of the Westinghouse SMR is described in details and compared with the AP1000® passive safety design. The natural circulation loops and heat transfer mechanism in a postulated Westinghouse SMR loss of coolant accident (LOCA) are discussed. The key thermal hydraulic phenomena pertinent to the passive safety design of the Westinghouse SMR have been identified in the small break LOCA Phenomena Identification and Rank Table (PIRT). Among the identified phenomena, condensation on the containment wall and natural circulation in core makeup tank (CMT) loop are highly ranked. Those passive safety phenomena are expected to be assessed using the WCOBRA/TRAC-TF2 LOCA thermal hydraulic code, which will provide the design basis LOCA analysis in the SMR design control documentation. In this paper, the progress on the assessing two key phenomena in passive safety of Westinghouse SMR is reported. The preliminary assessments against UCB tube condensation tests and Westinghouse core makeup tank tests reveals the capability of WCOBRA/TRAC-TF2 code to reasonably predict the condensation on the containment wall and natural circulation in the core makeup tank (CMT) loop.

scholarly journals Simulation and Optimization of Body Structure of Electric Vehicles with Offset Collision

2021 ◽  
Vol 2095 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
Yuanhe Hu ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Jiangbo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Impact Simulation ◽  
Safety Design

Abstract In recent years, as the rapid growth of the number of electric vehicles, people have more and more requirements on the safety performance of vehicles. However, compared with fuel vehicles, the structure of electric vehicles has its own particularity which makes the safety design of body structure more difficult. Thus, improving the passive safety of electric vehicles and protecting the passengers from injury in the collision to the greatest extent have become important issues for the automotive industry. This paper simulates the frontal offset impact simulation analysis of a certain type of SUV, and analyzes the safety performance of the vehicle from the perspective of member protection. The front side member structure and impact energy absorption which affect the passive safety of the whole vehicle are optimized and improved. The finite element model of the whole vehicle is rebuilt, and the frontal offset impact simulation test is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the optimization scheme.

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