The Durability Test Setup of Test Rig for the Rear Axle of a LCV and Its Validation in Adams/View

Influence of Backward- and Forward-Facing Steps on the Flow Through a Turning Mid Turbine Frame

Journal of Turbomachinery ◽

10.1115/1.4037859 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 139 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Sabine Bauinger ◽

Emil Goettlich ◽

Franz Heitmeir ◽

Franz Malzacher

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Total Pressure ◽

Test Rig ◽

Test Setup ◽

Aero Engine ◽

Total Temperature ◽

Flow Through ◽

Run Up ◽

Compact Design ◽

Probe Measurements

For this work, reality effects, more precisely backward-facing steps (BFSs) and forward-facing steps (FFSs), and their influence on the flow through a two-stage two-spool turbine rig under engine-relevant conditions were experimentally investigated. The test rig consists of an high pressure (HP) and an low pressure (LP) stage, with the two rotors rotating in opposite direction with two different rotational speeds. An S-shaped transition duct, which is equipped with turning struts (so-called turning mid turbine frame (TMTF)) and making therefore a LP stator redundant, connects both stages and leads the flow from a smaller to a larger diameter. This test setup allows the investigation of a TMTF deformation, which occurs in a real aero-engine due to non-uniform warming of the duct during operation—especially during run up—and causes BFSs and FFSs in the flow path. This happens for nonsegmented ducts, which are predominantly part of smaller engines. In the case of the test rig, steps were not generated by varying temperature but by shifting the TMTF in horizontal direction while the rotor and its casing were kept in the same position. In this way, both BFSs and FFSs between duct endwalls and rotor casing could be created. In order to avoid steps further downstream of the interface between HP rotor and TMTF, the complete aft rig was moved laterally too. In this case, the aft rig incorporates among others the LP rotor, the LP rotor casing, and the deswirler downstream of the LP stage. In order to catch the influence of the steps on the whole flow field, 360 deg rake traverses were performed downstream of the HP rotor, downstream of the duct, and downstream of the LP rotor with newly designed, laser-sintered combi-rakes for the measurement of total pressure and total temperature. Only the compact design of the rakes, which can be easily realized by additive manufacturing, makes the aforementioned 360 deg traverses in this test rig possible and allows a number of radial measurements positions, which is comparable to those of a five-hole probe. To get a more detailed information about the flow, also five-hole probe measurements were carried out in three measurement planes and compared to the results of the combi-rakes.

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Mathematical Modeling of Chain Drive Geometries for a Durability Test Rig

Experimental Techniques ◽

10.1007/s40799-016-0108-7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 1137-1146 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y. Zhou

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Chain Drive ◽

Test Rig ◽

Durability Test

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Iterative learning control with complex conjugate gradient optimization algorithm for multiaxial road durability test rig

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science ◽

10.1177/0954406218786981 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 233 (7) ◽

pp. 2349-2360 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xiao Wang ◽

Dacheng Cong ◽

Zhidong Yang ◽

Shengjie Xu ◽

Junwei Han

Keyword(s):

Conjugate Gradient ◽

Iterative Learning Control ◽

Learning Control ◽

Iterative Learning ◽

Gradient Algorithm ◽

Complex Conjugate ◽

Test Rig ◽

Learning Gain ◽

Durability Test ◽

Optimal Learning

Service load replication performed on multiaxial hydraulic test rigs has been widely applied in automotive engineering for durability testing in laboratory. The frequency-domain off-line iterative learning control is used to generate the desired drive file, i.e. the input signals which drive the actuators of the test rig. During the iterations an experimentally identified linear frequency-domain system model is used. As the durability test rig and the specimen under test have a strong nonlinear behavior, a large number of iterations are needed to generate the drive file. This process will cause premature deterioration to the specimen unavoidably. In order to accelerate drive file construction, a method embedding complex conjugate gradient algorithm into the conventional off-line iterative learning control is proposed to reproduce the loading conditions. The basic principle and monotone convergence of the method is presented. The drive signal is updated according to the complex conjugate gradient and the optimal learning gain. An optimal learning gain can be obtained by an estimate loop. Finally, simulations are carried out based on the identified parameter model of a real spindle-coupled multiaxial test rig. With real-life spindle forces from the wheel force transducer in the proving ground test to be replicated, the simulation results indicate that the proposed conventional off-line iterative learning control with complex conjugate gradient algorithm allows generation of drive file more rapidly and precisely compared with the state-of-the-art off-line iterative learning control. Few have been done about the proposed method before. The new method is not limited to the durability testing and can be extended to other systems where repetitive tracking task is required.

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An Off-Resonance Synchronous Vibration Based Method for Rotor System Damage Detections

Volume 1: 20th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise, Parts A, B, and C ◽

10.1115/detc2005-84197 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Huageng Luo ◽

Hector Rodriguez ◽

Darren Hallman ◽

Dennis Corbly

Keyword(s):

Final Section ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Detection System ◽

Detection Algorithm ◽

Integrated System ◽

Test Results ◽

Test Rig ◽

Test Setup ◽

First Order ◽

Vibration Detection

This paper presents a methodology of detecting rotor imbalances, such as mass imbalance and crack-induced imbalance, using shaft synchronous vibrations. A vibration detection algorithm is derived based on the first order nonresonant synchronous vibration response. A detection system is integrated by using state-of-the-art commercial analysis equipment. A laboratory rotor test rig with controlled mass imbalances was used to verify the integrated system. The system is then deployed to an engine sub-assembly test setup. Four specimens were used in the subassembly test and the test results are reported in the final section.

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A Unified Hamiltonian Approach for LQ and H∞ Preview Control Algorithms

Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control ◽

10.1115/1.2802483 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 121 (3) ◽

pp. 365-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Lawrence Mianzo ◽

Huei Peng

Keyword(s):

Discrete Time ◽

Tracking Control ◽

Control Algorithms ◽

Hamiltonian Approach ◽

Test Rig ◽

Preview Control ◽

Durability Test ◽

Simulation Results

A framework for solving both the continuous and discrete-time LQ and H∞ preview control algorithms is presented in this paper. The tracking control of an automotive durability test rig is used as an application example. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the preview control algorithms.

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Experimental Test Setup for Deoiling Hydrocyclones Using Conventional Pressure Drop Ratio Control

SPE Production & Operations ◽

10.2118/208608-pa ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Mishiga Vallabhan K. G. ◽

Marcin Dudek ◽

Christian Holden

Keyword(s):

Pressure Drop ◽

Experimental Test ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Produced Water ◽

Gas Production ◽

Test Rig ◽

Test Setup ◽

Droplet Distribution ◽

Control Scheme ◽

Oil Concentration

Summary Produced water is a major challenge in the oil and gas industry, especially with the aging of oil fields. Proper treatment of produced water is important in reducing the environmental footprint of oil and gas production. On offshore platforms, hydrocyclones are commonly used for produced-water treatment. However, maintaining the efficiency of hydrocyclones subjected to plant disturbances is a difficult task owing to their compact nature. This paper describes a new experimental test rig built at the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology for testing industrial-scale hydrocyclones. The test setup can emulate first-stage separation and create plant disturbances, such as changes in flow rate, oil concentration, and oil droplet distribution at the inlet of the hydrocyclones. Also, the setup is capable of testing different control algorithms, which helps to maintain the efficiency of hydrocyclones in the presence of such disturbances. The test rig is equipped with various instruments that can monitor such parameters as pressure, flow, temperature, and oil concentration. A typical pressure drop ratio (PDR) control scheme for hydrocyclones is tested in the test rig, which can control the disturbances in the inflow rate. The PDR control scheme does not detect disturbances in the inlet oil concentration and changes in droplet distribution, and these scenarios are shown experimentally in this paper.

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Influence of Backward and Forward Facing Steps on the Flow Through a Turning Mid Turbine Frame

Volume 2B: Turbomachinery ◽

10.1115/gt2017-63351 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Sabine Bauinger ◽

Franz Malzacher ◽

Emil Goettlich ◽

Franz Heitmeir

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Total Pressure ◽

Test Rig ◽

Test Setup ◽

Aero Engine ◽

Total Temperature ◽

Flow Through ◽

Run Up ◽

Compact Design ◽

Probe Measurements

For this work, reality effects, more precisely backward and forward facing steps, and their influence on the flow through a two-stage two-spool turbine rig under engine-relevant conditions were experimentally investigated. The test rig consists of a HP and a LP stage, with the two rotors rotating in opposite direction with two different rotational speeds. An S-shaped transition duct, which is equipped with turning struts (so-called turning mid turbine frame or TMTF) and making therefore a LP stator redundant, connects both stages and leads the flow from a smaller to a larger diameter. This test setup allows the investigation of a TMTF deformation, which occurs in a real aero-engine due to non-uniform warming of the duct during operation — especially during run up — and causes backward and forward facing steps in the flow path. This happens for non-segmented ducts, which are predominantly part of smaller engines. In the case of the test rig, steps were not generated by varying temperature but by shifting the TMTF in horizontal direction while the rotor and its casing were kept in the same position. In this way, both backward and forward facing steps between duct endwalls and rotor casing could be created. In order to avoid steps further downstream of the interface between HP rotor and TMTF, the complete aft rig was moved laterally too. In this case, the aft rig incorporates amongst others the LP rotor, the LP rotor casing and the deswirler downstream of the LP stage. In order to catch the influence of the steps on the whole flow field, 360 deg rake traverses were performed downstream of the HP rotor, downstream of the duct and downstream of the LP rotor with newly designed, laser-sintered Combi-Rakes for the measurement of total pressure and total temperature. Only the compact design of the rakes, which can be easily realised by additive manufacturing, makes the aforementioned 360 deg traverses in this test rig possible and allows a number of radial measurements positions, which is comparable to those of a five hole probe. To get a more detailed information about the flow, also five hole probe measurements were carried out in three measurement planes and compared to the results of the Combi-Rakes.

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