Genetic Indices Relationship to Hyperglycemia-associated Biomarkers: Consistency with miRNA Expression in Egyptian Children with T1D

The heavy metal burden of patients with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been widely discussed [1-5]. Present knowledge suggests that ASD patients, compared to ‘normal’s’ show a greater metal burden, which may be a cause of the ASD pathogenesis, possibly due to a limited detoxification potential. We thus aimed to evaluate if the metal burden of ASD children is due to comprised detoxification ability, and if missing of enzymes such as the glutathione-S-transferases provide an explanation, or if additional factors play a role. Genetically, we noticed a slight difference in the detoxification ability of the ASD group compared to the Control group. In the ASD group, carrier of the genotype GSTT1 null genotype (i.e. the homozygous loss) are 1.7 times more common as in the Control group and the GSTT1 allele is more frequent in the ASD patient collective. These findings are not statistically significant but indicate a trend. In addition, our data indicates that levels of potentially toxic metals in blood and hair of both groups demonstrate a similar immediate and long-term exposure. However, 36% of the ASD group showed signs of zinc deficiency compared to 11% of the Control group and this points towards inefficiency of the Phase I detoxification pathway. More research is needed to explore the role of other elements in the detoxification pathway.

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Food Allergy in Preschool Egyptian Children with Recurrent Wheezy Chest

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3542159 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alameldin Abdallah ◽

Naglaa S. Osman ◽

Kotb A. Metwalley ◽

Hanaa A Mohammad ◽

Mostafa Embaby ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Allergy ◽

Egyptian Children

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The Predominant microRNAs in β-cell Clusters for Insulin Regulation and Diabetic Control

Current Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1389450121666191230145848 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 722-734

Author(s):

Adele Soltani ◽

Arefeh Jafarian ◽

Abdolamir Allameh

Keyword(s):

Mirna Expression ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

In Vitro Proliferation ◽

Cell Functions ◽

Mirna Expression Profiles ◽

Multiple Processes ◽

The Impact

micro (mi)-RNAs are vital regulators of multiple processes including insulin signaling pathways and glucose metabolism. Pancreatic β-cells function is dependent on some miRNAs and their target mRNA, which together form a complex regulative network. Several miRNAs are known to be directly involved in β-cells functions such as insulin expression and secretion. These small RNAs may also play significant roles in the fate of β-cells such as proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis. Among the miRNAs, miR-7, miR-9, miR-375, miR-130 and miR-124 are of particular interest due to being highly expressed in these cells. Under diabetic conditions, although no specific miRNA profile has been noticed, the expression of some miRNAs and their target mRNAs are altered by posttranscriptional mechanisms, exerting diverse signs in the pathobiology of various diabetic complications. The aim of this review article is to discuss miRNAs involved in the process of stem cells differentiation into β-cells, resulting in enhanced β-cell functions with respect to diabetic disorders. This paper will also look into the impact of miRNA expression patterns on in vitro proliferation and differentiation of β-cells. The efficacy of the computational genomics and biochemical analysis to link the changes in miRNA expression profiles of stem cell-derived β-cells to therapeutically relevant outputs will be discussed as well.

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T-cell Activation Induces Dynamic Changes in miRNA Expression Patterns in CD4 and CD8 T-cell Subsets

MicroRNA ◽

10.2174/2211536604666150819194636 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 117-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Nato Teteloshvili ◽

Katarzyna Smigielska-Czepiel ◽

Bart-Jan Kroesen ◽

Elisabeth Brouwer ◽

Joost Kluiver ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

T Cell Activation ◽

Mirna Expression ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Cd8 T Cell ◽

T Cell Subsets ◽

Dynamic Changes

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Regulatory Interplay between miR-181a-5p and Estrogen Receptor Signaling Cascade in Breast Cancer

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13030543 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 543

Author(s):

Rosaria Benedetti ◽

Chiara Papulino ◽

Giulia Sgueglia ◽

Ugo Chianese ◽

Tommaso De Marchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Endocrine Therapy ◽

Mirna Expression ◽

Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽

Estrogen Signaling ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Tumor Resistance ◽

Estrogen Receptor Signaling

The efficacy and side effects of endocrine therapy in breast cancer (BC) depend largely on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression, the specific drug administered, and treatment scheduling. Although the benefits of endocrine therapy outweigh any adverse effects in the initial stages of BC, later- or advanced-stage tumors acquire resistance to treatments. The mechanisms underlying tumor resistance to therapy are still not well understood, posing a major challenge for BC patient care. Epigenetic regulation and miRNA expression may be involved in the switch from a treatment-sensitive to a treatment-resistant state and could provide a valid therapeutic strategy for ERα negative BC. Here, a hybrid lysine-specific histone demethylase inhibitor, MC3324, displaying selective estrogen receptor down-regulator-like activities in BC, was used to highlight the interplay between epigenetic and ERα signaling. MC3324 anticancer action is mediated by microRNA (miRNA) expression regulation, indicating an innovative function for this molecule. Integrated analysis suggests a crosstalk between estrogen signaling, ERα interactors, miRNAs, and their putative targets. Specifically, miR-181a-5p expression is regulated by MC3324 and has an impact on cellular levels of ERα. A comparison of breast tumor versus healthy mammary tissues confirmed the important role of miR-181a-5p in ERα regulation and points to its putative predictive function in BC therapy.

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Whole-Genome Doubling Affects Pre-miRNA Expression in Plants

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10051004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1004

Author(s):

Salvatore Esposito ◽

Riccardo Aversano ◽

Pasquale Tripodi ◽

Domenico Carputo

Keyword(s):

Dna Repair ◽

Mirna Expression ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Nucleotide Metabolism ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Solanum Commersonii ◽

Genome Doubling ◽

Whole Genome Doubling ◽

Micro Rnas

Whole-genome doubling (polyploidy) is common in angiosperms. Several studies have indicated that it is often associated with molecular, physiological, and phenotypic changes. Mounting evidence has pointed out that micro-RNAs (miRNAs) may have an important role in whole-genome doubling. However, an integrative approach that compares miRNA expression in polyploids is still lacking. Here, a re-analysis of already published RNAseq datasets was performed to identify microRNAs’ precursors (pre-miRNAs) in diploids (2x) and tetraploids (4x) of five species (Arabidopsis thaliana L., Morus alba L., Brassica rapa L., Isatis indigotica Fort., and Solanum commersonii Dun). We found 3568 pre-miRNAs, three of which (pre-miR414, pre-miR5538, and pre-miR5141) were abundant in all 2x, and were absent/low in their 4x counterparts. They are predicted to target more than one mRNA transcript, many belonging to transcription factors (TFs), DNA repair mechanisms, and related to stress. Sixteen pre-miRNAs were found in common in all 2x and 4x. Among them, pre-miRNA482, pre-miRNA2916, and pre-miRNA167 changed their expression after polyploidization, being induced or repressed in 4x plants. Based on our results, a common ploidy-dependent response was triggered in all species under investigation, which involves DNA repair, ATP-synthesis, terpenoid biosynthesis, and several stress-responsive transcripts. In addition, an ad hoc pre-miRNA expression analysis carried out solely on 2x vs. 4x samples of S. commersonii indicated that ploidy-dependent pre-miRNAs seem to actively regulate the nucleotide metabolism, probably to cope with the increased requirement for DNA building blocks caused by the augmented DNA content. Overall, the results outline the critical role of microRNA-mediated responses following autopolyploidization in plants.

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