scholarly journals The Current Status of Medical School Clerkship Grades in Residency Applicants

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Vokes ◽  
Alexander Greenstein ◽  
Emily Carmody ◽  
John T. Gorczyca
Keyword(s):  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
Application Service ◽  
Residency Application ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Adequate Data

ABSTRACT Background Two criteria that have been investigated for evaluating orthopedic surgery residency candidates are achieving an “honors” grade during a surgery clerkship and the total number of honors grades received in all clerkships. Unfortunately, the rate of honors grades given and the criteria for earning an honors grade differ between medical schools, making comparison of applicants from different medical schools difficult. Objective We measured the rate of honors grades in clerkships at different medical schools in the United States to examine the utility of clerkship grades in evaluating orthopedic surgery residency applicants. Methods Adequate data via the Electronic Residency Application Service were available for 86 of 142 Association of American Medical Colleges medical schools from the 2017 Match cycle. Descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were performed to identify differences in grade distributions within each clerkship and in school ranking for research by U.S. News & World Report. Results For the surgery clerkship, the median rate of honors grades given was 32.5% (range 5%–67%). There was a high rate of interinstitutional variability in all clerkships. We were unable to demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between research ranking and percentage honors grades given for individual clerkships. Conclusions A standardized method for grading medical students during clinical clerkships does not exist, resulting in a high degree of interinstitutional variability. Surgery clerkship grades are an unreliable measure for comparing orthopedic surgery residency applicants from different medical schools. Standardized measures of applicant evaluation might be helpful in the future.

scholarly journals Poor match rates of osteopathic applicants into ACGME dermatology and other competitive specialties

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Craig ◽  
Erica Brotzman ◽  
Benjamin Farthing ◽  
Rachel Giesey ◽  
Jenifer Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Accreditation System ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Application Service ◽  
Match Rate ◽  
Residency Application ◽  
Surgery Residency Program ◽  
Osteopathic Physicians

Abstract Context There has been a steady increase in the number of osteopathic (DO) medical students in the United States without a corresponding increase in DO representation in competitive specialties. Objectives To investigate the trends and impact of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) single accreditation system on DO match rates into dermatology and other competitive specialty programs. Methods Information was collected through public databases (Electronic Residency Application Service [ERAS]; National Resident Matching Program [NRMP]; Association of American Medical Colleges [AAMC]; National Match Service, Inc. [NMS]; and the ACGME) to evaluate the match statistics of competitive specialties, including dermatology, otolaryngology, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, and plastic surgery. Residency program and medical school websites and residency communications were used to confirm whether the match placements were to programs that had traditionally been ACGME-accredited or former American Osteopathic Association (AOA) programs. Results From 2012 to 2016 (pre-unification), osteopathic graduates comprised only 0.5% of the matches the specific specialties studied here and only 0.9% of ACGME dermatology positions. Post-unification (2017–2019), DOs comprised 2.0% of the matches into these specialties and 4.4% of the total ACGME dermatology positions. This apparent increase is misleading, as it is solely due to the transition of formerly AOA programs to ACGME status. The true post-unification DO match rate to traditionally ACGME programs is actually 0.6% for all competitive specialties and 0.4% for dermatology. Post-unification, 27.6% of formerly AOA positions in these competitive specialties were filled by allopathic (MD) applicants. Conclusions DO match rates into dermatology and other competitive specialties were poor prior to GME unification and continue to remain low. This situation, when coupled with the closing of many AOA programs and MDs matching into former AOA positions, threatens the future of osteopathic physicians in competitive specialties. Osteopathic recognition is one way to potentially help preserve osteopathic representation and philosophy in the single accreditation system era. Programs should not be hesitant to consider osteopathic applicants for competitive specialties.

Gender, Race, Age, Allopathic Degree, Board Score, and Research Experience Among Applicants Matching to General and Orthopedic Surgery Residencies, 2015-2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482199198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mason Sutherland ◽  
Carol Sanchez ◽  
Amanda Baroutjian ◽  
Aleeza Ali ◽  
Mark McKenney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Research Experiences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Application Service ◽  
Residency Application

Background Surgical fields are historically dominated by male physicians. Increasing the diversity of the physician workforce improves training and patient experiences. We aim to investigate any differences in qualifications and match rates between male and female applicants to general surgery (GS) and orthopedic surgery (OS) residencies in the United States. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed utilizing the Association of American Medical Colleges data regarding Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) applicants and matched Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) residents into GS and OS residencies from 2015 to 2019. Descriptive statistics and independent sample T-tests were performed with significance defined as P < .05. Results 26 568 GS and 7076 OS ERAS applicants matched at a rate of 25.2% and 55.3%, respectively. Men and women matched into GS at rates of 23.0% and 29.2%, respectively. Men and women matched into OS at rates of 55.2% and 56.2%, respectively. Men aged ≥36 years matched into OS at a significantly higher rate than women aged years ≥36 (11.9% vs. 1.4%, P = .009). Female GS ERAS applicants and entering ACGME residents had a higher mean number of research experiences than male GS ERAS applicants (2.66 vs. 2.26, P < .001) and entering male GS ACGME residents (2.96 vs. 2.56, P = .008). Conclusions Male and female GS and OS applicants have similar qualifications. Women match into GS and OS at higher rates than men but comprise disproportionately lower numbers of applicants. Greater mentorship opportunities and recruitment of female applicants are needed to expand, diversify, and increase representation of women in surgery.

scholarly journals Students with global experiences during medical school are more likely to work in settings that focus on the underserved: an observational study from a public U.S. institution

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shay E. Slifko ◽  
Nadja A. Vielot ◽  
Sylvia Becker-Dreps ◽  
Donald E. Pathman ◽  
Justin G. Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Experiences ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Application Service ◽  
Global Health Electives ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background Global health interest has grown among medical students over the past 20 years, and most medical schools offer global health opportunities. Studies suggest that completing global health electives during medical school may increase the likelihood of working with underserved populations in a clinical or research capacity. This study aimed to assess the association of global electives in medical school on subsequently working in global health and with underserved populations in the United States (U.S.), additionally considering students’ interests and experiences prior to medical school. We also examined whether respondents perceived benefits gained from global electives. Methods We surveyed medical school graduates (classes of 2011-2015) from a large public medical school in the U.S. to describe current practice settings and previous global health experience. We evaluated work, volunteer, and educational experiences preceding medical school, socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity using American Medical College Application Service (AMCAS) data. We assessed the association between students’ backgrounds, completing global health electives in medical school and current work in global health or with underserved populations in the U.S. Results In the 5 to 8 years post-graduation, 78% of 161 respondents reported work, research, or teaching with a focus on global or underserved U.S. populations. Completing a global health elective during medical school (p = 0.0002) or during residency (p = 0.06) were positively associated with currently working with underserved populations in the U.S. and pre-medical school experiences were marginally associated (p = 0.1). Adjusting for pre-medical school experiences, completing a global health elective during medical school was associated with a 22% greater prevalence of working with an underserved population. Perceived benefits from global electives included improved cultural awareness, language skills, public health and research skills, and ability to practice in technology-limited settings. Conclusion Medical school graduates who participated in global electives as students were more likely than their peers to pursue careers with underserved populations, independent of experiences prior to medical school. We hypothesize that by offering global health experiences, medical schools can enhance the interests and skills of graduates that will make them more likely and better prepared to work with underserved populations in the U.S. and abroad.

scholarly journals Publication misrepresentation among neurosurgery residency applicants: an increasing problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Kistka ◽  
Arash Nayeri ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Jamie Dow ◽  
Rameela Chandrasekhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Scientific Integrity ◽  
Advanced Degrees ◽  
Application Service ◽  
Usmle Step 1 ◽  
Residency Application

OBJECT Misrepresentation of scholarly achievements is a recognized phenomenon, well documented in numerous fields, yet the accuracy of reporting remains dependent on the honor principle. Therefore, honest self-reporting is of paramount importance to maintain scientific integrity in neurosurgery. The authors had observed a trend toward increasing numbers of publications among applicants for neurosurgery residency at Vanderbilt University and undertook this study to determine whether this change was a result of increased academic productivity, inflated reporting, or both. They also aimed to identify application variables associated with inaccurate citations. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the residency applications submitted to their neurosurgery department in 2006 (n = 148) and 2012 (n = 194). The applications from 2006 were made via SF Match and those from 2012 were made using the Electronic Residency Application Service. Publications reported as “accepted” or “in press” were verified via online search of Google Scholar, PubMed, journal websites, and direct journal contact. Works were considered misrepresented if they did not exist, incorrectly listed the applicant as first author, or were incorrectly listed as peer reviewed or published in a printed journal rather than an online only or non-peer-reviewed publication. Demographic data were collected, including applicant sex, medical school ranking and country, advanced degrees, Alpha Omega Alpha membership, and USMLE Step 1 score. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression was used to identify predictors of misrepresentation. RESULTS Using univariate analysis, between 2006 and 2012 the percentage of applicants reporting published works increased significantly (47% vs 97%, p < 0.001). However, the percentage of applicants with misrepresentations (33% vs 45%) also increased. In 2012, applicants with a greater total of reported works (p < 0.001) and applicants from unranked US medical schools (those not ranked by US News & World Report) were more likely to have erroneous citations (p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of legitimate and misrepresented scholarly works reported by applicants to the authors’ neurosurgery residency program increased during the past 6 years. Misrepresentation is more common in applicants from unranked US medical schools and those with a greater number of reported works on their application. This trend is concerning in a profession where trustworthiness is vital. To preserve integrity in the field, programs should consider verifying citations prior to submitting their rank lists.

scholarly journals #ENT: Otolaryngology Residency Programs Create Social Media Platforms to Connect With Applicants During COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132098320
Author(s):  
Andrew B. DeAtkine ◽  
Jessica W. Grayson ◽  
Nikhi P. Singh ◽  
Alexander P. Nocera ◽  
Soroush Rais-Bahrami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Application Service ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Social Media Presence ◽  
Residency Application

Objective: To determine which otolaryngology residency programs have social media platforms and to review which programs are utilizing platforms to advertise virtual open houses and virtual subinternships for residency applicants. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: The study was conducted online by reviewing all accredited otolaryngology residency programs in the United States participating in the Electronic Residency Application Service. Methods: Otolaryngology residency programs were reviewed for social media presence on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook. Social media posts were evaluated for virtual open houses and virtual subinternships. Residency websites and the Visiting Student Application Service were evaluated for the presence of virtual subinternships. All data were collected between September 5, 2020, and September 9, 2020. This study did not require approval from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Institutional Review Board for Human Use. Results: Among 118 otolaryngology residency programs, 74 (62.7%) participate on Instagram, 52 (44.1%) participate on Twitter, and 44 (37.3%) participate on Facebook. Fifty-one Instagram accounts, 20 Twitter accounts, and 4 Facebook accounts have been created during 2020. Forty-two (36%), 30 (25.4%), and 15 (13%) programs are promoting virtual open houses on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook, respectively. Two programs on the Visiting Student Application Service offered virtual subinternships. Seven residency program websites offered virtual subinternships. Nine, 6, and 1 program offered virtual subinternships on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that social media presence on Instagram and Twitter among otolaryngology residency programs has substantially grown in 2020 at a higher rate compared to previous years. These data suggest that otolaryngology residency programs are finding new ways to reach out to applicants amid an unprecedented type of application cycle due to the challenges presented by COVID-19. Many programs are advertising virtual open houses via social media platforms to connect with applicants, and a few programs are offering virtual subinternships to replace traditional subinternships.

scholarly journals Clinical Application of Robotic Orthopedic Surgery: A Bibliometric Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Li ◽  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Carsten Perka ◽  
Andrej Trampuz
Keyword(s):  
Robotic Surgery ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Bibliometric Study ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
Size Type ◽  
Number Of Publications

Abstract Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the status and trends of robotic orthopedic surgery in a clinical setting using bibliometrics.Methods: All relevant publications on the clinical use of robotic surgery in orthopedics were searched from the Web of Science database. Subsequently, data were analyzed using bibliometrics. Visualizing data of bibliographic coupling, co-citation, and co-occurrence analysis were performed using VOSviewer.Results: In total, 224 clinical studies met the included standards between 2000 to 2019. Global publications presented an increasing annual trend, with the United States found to have the largest number of publications and robotic companies active in the field (n = 99), followed by China (n = 38), and the United Kingdom (n = 27). The institution with the most contributions was the Beijing Jishuitan Hospital in China (n = 14). The most productive scholars were Tian Wei and Mont Michael A, with 14 publications each. The top 30 most cited papers list showed 29 publications to be cited on more than 40 occassions. The journal with the most related and influential publications on robotic orthopedic surgery was the Journal of Arthroplasty. Fourteen types of robots were used, with the majority applied in knee and spinal surgery. MAKO was the most widely used robot in hip and knee surgery and Mazor in spinal surgery. Most studies were small sample populations of low-quality in this field. The top 20 most frequently used keywords were identified from 950 author keywords. Research on orthopedic robots were classified into two clusters by co-occurrence networks: spinal-related robotic surgery and joint-related robotic surgery. Conclusions: The present bibliometric study summarizes the clinical research of orthopedic robots on study type, sample size, type of surgery, robot information, surgical site, most popular keywords, most cited papers, journals, authors, institutions, and countries. These findings may assist the scholars better understand the current status and research trends to guide future practice and directions.

scholarly journals long range weather forecasting—history, current status and outlook1

1968 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-1) ◽  
pp. 438-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Namias
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Past Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longe Range ◽  
Adequate Data

Harry Wexler was a close student of developing techniques in the field of long range forecasting, and a contributor to them, realizing that improvement of long range forecasts represents one of the most important goals of meteorology. His scientifically-oriented administrative ability played a large part in enlarging the role of this subject in the United States. Indeed, one of the principal reasons he pioneered in inaugurating the World Weather Watch program was to lay a firmer foundation for long-range forecasting. I was one of many who gained benefit and stimulation from a long friendship with him, and my lecture will recall some of the instances. First, I want to describe the nature of the long range prediction problem as seen through the eyes of a pragmatist, and to present a balanced picture of what is now possible and what may become possible in the next decade or so. One might hope that this 10-year forecast of “weather predictability” will turn out better than a 10-year forecast of the weather itself! Next, I will speak on the history of long range forecasting over the past century, as traced through the work of inventors of synoptic, statistical and physical approaches to the problem. In spite of decades of frustration imposed by lack of adequate data, ignorance of large-scale physical processes, and the absence of intensive and large-scale effort, meteorologists working on longe range problems have made encouraging progress.

American Medical Schools and the Practice of Medicine

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Career Paths ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
American Medicine ◽  
History Of

In this extensively researched history of medical schools, William Rothstein, a leading historian of American medicine, traces the formation of the medical school from its origin as a source of medical lectures to its current status as a center of undergraduate and graduate medical education, biomedical research, and specialized patient care. Using a variety of historical and sociological techniques, Rothstein accurately describes methods of medical education from one generation of doctors to the next, illustrating the changing career paths in medicine. At the same time, this study considers medical schools within the context of the state of medical practice, institutions of medical care, and general higher education. The most complete and thorough general history of medical education in the United States ever written, this work focuses both on the historical development of medical schools and their current status.

Do Orthopedic Surgery Residency Program Web Sites Address Diversity and Inclusion?

2021 ◽  
pp. 155633162110376
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Mortman ◽  
Alex Gu ◽  
Peter Berger ◽  
Samrat Choudhury ◽  
Simone A. Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Residency Program ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Application Service ◽  
Residency Application ◽  
Surgery Residency Program

Background: Orthopedic surgery is one of the least diverse medical specialties. Other medical specialties have employed diversity-related initiatives to increase the number of students underrepresented in medicine (URM). Furthermore, with the suspension of visiting student rotations during the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students used residency program Web sites as a main source of program-specific information. Aims/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the extent to which orthopedic surgery residency program Web sites describe diversity and inclusion initiatives. Methods: The Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) was used to identify U.S. orthopedic surgery residency programs. The programs’ Web sites were reviewed, and data on commitments to diversity and inclusion were collected. Descriptive statistics of these data were generated. Results: There were 192 residency programs identified and 3 were excluded from the analysis due to lack of Web sites. Of the remaining 189 residency program Web sites, only 55 (29.10%) contained information on diversity and inclusion. Information on a commitment to improving diversity and inclusion was the most prevalent data point found among program Web sites, although it was found on only 15% of program Web sites. Conclusion: Orthopedic surgery residency programs rarely address topics related to diversity and inclusion on their program Web sites. An emphasis on opportunities for URM students and initiatives related to diversity and inclusion on program Web sites may improve URM outreach and serve as one method for increasing URM matriculation into orthopedic surgery.

scholarly journals Clinical application of robotic orthopedic surgery: a bibliometric study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Li ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Carsten Perka ◽  
Andrej Trampuz
Keyword(s):  
Robotic Surgery ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Bibliometric Study ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
Size Type ◽  
Number Of Publications

Abstract Objectives The present study aimed to evaluate the status and trends of robotic orthopedic surgery in a clinical setting using bibliometrics. Methods All relevant publications on the clinical use of robotic surgery in orthopedics were searched from the Web of Science database. Subsequently, data were analyzed using bibliometrics. Visualizing data of bibliographic coupling, co-citation, and co-occurrence analysis were performed using VOSviewer. Results In total, 224 clinical studies met the included standards between 2000 to 2019. Global publications presented an increasing annual trend, with the United States found to have the largest number of publications and robotic companies active in the field (n = 99), followed by China (n = 38), and the United Kingdom (n = 27). The institution with the most contributions was the Beijing Jishuitan Hospital in China (n = 15). The most productive scholars were Tian Wei and Mont Michael A, with 14 publications each. The top 30 most cited papers list showed 29 publications to be cited on more than 40 occassions. The journal with the most related and influential publications on robotic orthopedic surgery was the Journal of Arthroplasty. Fourteen types of robots were used, with the majority applied in knee and spinal surgery. MAKO was the most widely used robot in hip and knee surgery and Mazor in spinal surgery. Most studies were small sample populations of low-quality in this field. The top 20 most frequently used keywords were identified from 950 author keywords. Research on orthopedic robots were classified into two clusters by co-occurrence networks: spinal-related robotic surgery and joint-related robotic surgery. Conclusions The present bibliometric study summarizes the clinical research of orthopedic robots on study type, sample size, type of surgery, robot information, surgical site, most popular keywords, most cited papers, journals, authors, institutions, and countries. These findings may assist the scholars better understand the current status and research trends to guide future practice and directions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document