scholarly journals Indirect narration : a case study of Conrad's Heart of darkness and Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Majda Šavle

Joseph Conrad's narrative style bas influenced many writers, including F. Scott Fitzgerald. The objective of my study on verbs used in discourse in Conrad's Heart of Darkness and Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby was to confirm  the speculation  that besides Conrad's innovative technique of indirect narration there were other techniques (such as careful selection of imagistic detail) Fitzgerald learned from Conrad.

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Ihsan Nur Iman Faris

AbstractCultural contents contained in reading passages need to be treated carefully due to their influence to shapethe readers’ points of view. Since a test can include reading passages, careful selection of reading passages should also be conducted in a test development. This research is aimed at investigating what cultures are contained in the reading passages of the tests developed by the English teachers in a senior high school and the reasons why the reading passages were included. The methods employed in this research were textual analysis and case study. The data for textual analysis were collected from 24 reading passages from the tests developed by the English teachers of a senior high school in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. The information related to the problems of inclusion of cultural contents in the tests was collected from an interview. Among 24 reading passages in the tests, 10 reading passages were culture-neutral, while 14 reading passages contained cultural items.The findings show that in 14 reading passages, the culture contained are the target culture (40%) in the forms of naming, place, and season, the international culture (40%) in the forms of naming, place, and season,and the source culture (20%) in the forms of naming and place. Theunbalance proportion of the source culture can influence the readers’ mindset and the result of the test due to familiarity issue of the materials. Regarding why this proportion is found in the tests, the teachers were not aware of the cultural content issue. Therefore, the proportion was not intentionally made. The unawareness of teacher can lead to the inclusion of inappropriate cultural contents in the tests. Hence, based on the findings, it is recommended that teachers be more aware of cultural contents in reading passages and develop a test with a more balance proportion of cultural contents in reading passages.Keywords: Cultural contents, the source culture, the target culture, the international culture, reading passages. AbstrakIsi budaya yang terkandung dalam wacana harus diperlakukan dengan hati-hati karena bisa mempengaruhi sudut pandang pembaca. Dikarenakan tes mencakup wacana, pemilihan wacana secara hati-hati juga harus dilakukan dalam pengembangan tes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki budaya apa yang terkandung dalam wacana-wacana di dalam tes yang dikembangkan oleh guru bahasa Inggris di SMA dan alasan mengapa wacana tersebut dimasukkan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis tekstual dan studi kasus. Data untuk analisis tekstual dikumpulkan dari 24 wacana dari tes yang dikembangkan oleh guru bahasa Inggris dari SMA di Cianjur, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Informasi yang berhubungan dengan masalah masuknya isi budaya dalam tes dikumpulkan dari wawancara. Di antara 24 wacana tes, 10 wacana netral dari budaya, sementara 14 mengandung temuan budaya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dari 14 wacana, budaya yang terkandung adalah budaya target (40%) dalam bentuk penamaan, tempat, dan musim, budaya internasional (40%) dalam bentuk penamaan, tempat, dan musim, dan budaya sumber (20%) dalam bentuk penamaan dan tempat. Proporsi budaya yang tidak imbang dapat mempengaruhi pola pikir pembaca dan hasil tes karena berkaitan dengan tingkat pengetahuan terhadap materi. Mengenai mengapa proporsi ini ditemukan dalam tes, guru tidak menyadari masalah konten budaya. Oleh karena itu, proporsi tidak sengaja dibuat. Ketidaksadaran guru dapat menyebabkan masuknya isi budaya yang tidak pantas ke dalam tes. Oleh karena itu, berdasarkan temuan, disarankan bahwa guru menjadi lebih sadar akan isi budaya dalam wacana dan mengembangkan tes dengan menjaga keseimbangan proporsi isi budaya dalam wacana.Kata kunci: Isi budaya, budaya sumber, budaya target, budaya internasional, wacana.


Author(s):  
Ирина Валерьевна Соловьева

В статье обсуждается вопрос о понимании текста на основе восстановления читателем смысла «поэтическое» как инварианта жанрового смысла культуры. Ритмический рисунок романа является одновременно и важной характеристикой стиля текста и основанием для отбора автором стилистических изобразительных средств. Смысл «поэтическое» прослеживается на всех уровнях организации высказывания и помогает восстанавливать его более частные смыслы. The article discusses the issue of understanding the text based on the reader's restoration of the meaning of «poetic» as an invariant of the genre meaning of culture. The rhythmic pattern of the novel is an essential characteristic of the author's style and, at the same time, the basis for the selection of stylistic pictorial means. Rhythmization can be traced at all levels of the organization of the utterance and helps to restore its more particular meanings.


Author(s):  
Raad S. Rauf ◽  
Krm E. Danail

The debate on the reliability of the story teller or narrator in fiction writing is so intense to the degree of controversy. Ever since the early stages of fiction writing, most of the novelists seek new methods and techniques in writing their stories. Some of them have achieved success and became known worldwide, and their works have become masterpieces and essential landmarks in the world of fiction. These works have been among the curricular subjects taught in the most esteemed universities in the world. These eminent works have mostly been tackled thematically by reason of the novelty and importance of their themes, yet there are only a handful critiques on their technical aspects, style, diction being used, or narrative methods. This is a comparative study of some of such works like F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby in comparison with some other works such as Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and Emily Bronte’s Withering Heights.


Author(s):  
Kevin Oh ◽  
Natalie Nussli ◽  
Melisa Kaye ◽  
Nicole Michele Cuadro

This chapter reports on an exploratory case study investigating strategies to facilitate group discussions in Second Life, a three-dimensional virtual world. The purpose was to identify best practices for discussion facilitation in-world from the perspective of a virtual host and a discussion facilitator. A host and a facilitator moderated four virtual group discussions with 16 in-service teachers enrolled in a graduate technology class. The chapter discusses several themes that emerged from the host's and the facilitator's debriefings. Key themes include the need for a careful selection of the communication modality (text or voice or a combination), strategies to promote interactivity among the participants, the critical need for at least one facilitator in addition to the host, the need for clear ground rules for the participants, and clear guidelines for the host and the facilitator. Several challenges experienced during the process of facilitating these virtual events are discussed and recommendations are made to address these difficulties. This chapter is of interest to educators who are planning to substitute in-class group discussions with synchronous group discussions in-world.


2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-612
Author(s):  
John P. Hart ◽  
Kevin C. Nolan

In their recent report, Cook and Comstock (2014) purport to address the "old wood" problem in temperate eastern North America. Here we point out several interpretive and analytical errors in their work. We conclude that careful selection of wood charcoal for radiocarbon assay can result in accurate chronology for events of interest. However, this does not obviate the need to critically assess the extant database of wood charcoal dates in any chronology building effort.


Sains Insani ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Zulkefli Aini ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Don ◽  
Ahmad Irdha Mokhtar ◽  
Nur Uswah Ahmad Fauzi

One of the factors that can affect a person's behavior is a communication message. In the context of the da`wah, preachers who involved actively in da`wah communication with the Orang Asli should be able to ensure that the message conveyed can be understood by the target group. In addition, the selection of the correct messages of da`wah based on the foremost priority simplify the process of sharing information between the preachers and the Orang Asli. Accordingly, this article aims to identify specific topics of Islamic faith (akidah) submitted by the Orang Asli in the process of da`wah communication and to identify verbal feedback given by the preachers to the Orang Asli of the topics. This qualitative study using case study design and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Interviews involving nine preachers were active in da`wah activity to the Orang Asli community in Selangor. Data were analyzed thematically according to the specified objectives. The study found that the topics frequently raised by the Orang Asli is concerned about belief in Allah, belief in Malaikat, and belief in Qada' and Qadar. The topics may be found within the framework of worldview in their beliefs and practice of ancient traditions. Therefore, the preachers gave verbal feedback on these topics is based on a clear and precise sample corresponding to the level of their thinking. The emphasis on these topics is very important to strengthen and purify the faith of the community.Keywords: Communication; Message; Preacher; Indigenous community Abstrak: Elemen mesej dalam komunikasi merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat memberi kesan terhadap perubahan tingkah laku seseorang. Dalam konteks dakwah, pendakwah yang terlibat dalam proses komunikasi dakwah dengan Orang Asli seharusnya berkebolehan memastikan kandungan mesej yang disampaikan boleh difahami oleh sasaran dakwahnya. Di samping itu, pemilihan mesej dakwah yang betul mengikut keutamaan memudahkan proses perkongsian maklumat antara pendakwah dengan Orang Asli. Sehubungan dengan itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti topik-topik tertentu dalam mesej akidah yang dikemukakan oleh masyarakat Orang Asli kepada pendakwah dan mengenalpasti maklum balas lisan yang diberikan oleh pendakwah kepada Orang Asli terhadap topik tersebut. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kes dengan pengumpulan data melalui temu bual separa struktur. Temu bual melibatkan sembilan orang pendakwah yang aktif dalam aktiviti dakwah masyarakat Orang Asli di Selangor. Data kajian dianalisis secara tematik mengikut objektif yang ditentukan. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa topik-topik yang sering dikemukan oleh Orang Asli kepada pendakwah dalam penyampaian mesej akidah ialah berkenaan tentang keimanan kepada Allah SWT, keimanan kepada malaikat, dan keimanan kepada qada’ dan qadar. Topik-topik berkenaan didapati berada dalam kerangka worldview kepercayaan dan amalan tradisi mereka. Sehubungan dengan itu, pendakwah memberikan maklum balas lisan terhadap topik-topik tersebut adalah berdasarkan keterangan yang jelas dan contoh yang tepat bersesuaian dengan tahap pemikiran mereka. Penekanan terhadap topik-topik tersebut merupakan perkara yang penting dalam rangka mengukuhkan dan memurnikan akidah masyarakat Orang Asli.Kata kunci: Komunikasi; Mesej; Pendakwah; Komuniti Orang Asli


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