scholarly journals Modernization of Beauty in China

Asian Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-179
Author(s):  
Téa Sernelj

The article explores the socio-political and historical development of the great debate on aesthetics and the aesthetic fever in China during the 20th century. It introduces the main figures of the aesthetic movement and their aesthetic theories. It introduces the period of appropriation of the aesthetic debates to Marxist ideology that prevailed in China after 1949 and lasted until the end of 1970s. The 1980s and 1990s represent a shift in the Chinese aesthetic debate which focused on the adoption of Western aesthetic concepts and paradigms in a more scientific way. The article tackles the problem of Chinese society on the verge of the millennium, and problematizes the consumerism of art and attitudes towards aesthetics in general.

Author(s):  
Galina S. Gultyaeva ◽  

Chinese folk painting nianhua (literal translation, “New Year’s picture”) is a kind of Chinese graphic art, which received a wide popularity in the late XIX – early XX centuries. On the eve of the New Year in China everywhere decorated interiors of living rooms with colorful pictures containing New Year’s greetings, they were pasted on windows, doors, gates. Decorative pictures had a utilitarian and cultic purpose: images of mythological characters and gods symbolized happiness, longevity, prosperity, protected from disasters and misfortunes. At the beginning of the 20th century, nianhua was produced in the woodcutting shops in a woodcut way, since the middle of the 20th century have been used modern technologies, including printing. New Year’s paintings significantly different from national academic painting. The philosophical concept of New Year’s painting was to reflect the spiritual life of the people, moral values, and artistic tastes. The images were built on the basis of folklore motifs, a rhythmic combination of bright colors created a decorative effect, so nianhua is a valuable material that demonstrates the aesthetic representations of the Chinese people, their folk traditions and symbols. The themes of the New Year’s paintings are extremely diverse and includes the following: scenes from classical literature, religious and symbolic and benevolent drawings, genre art painting, calendars depicting 12 cyclic signs of animals, agricultural calendars and advertising pictures. During the history of its existence, the New Year’s picture plays an important political and ideological role. Traditional paintings propagated the foundations of the orthodox Confucian ideology about social and ethical relationships, including hierarchy in the family and society: “Wu lun – the five principles of relationships”, “Xiao – filial piety”, “Ren – patience”. In the second half of the XX century, the New Year's picture is developing as an agitational poster. Under the influence of European painting and modern political processes in Chinese society, artists began to use a new artistic method - revolutionary realism on purpose to illuminate sociopolitical events, propagandize government tasks and resolutions. The basic principles of painting the New Year’s picture are the decorative character (the brightness of colors, the rhythmic combination of color spots), the hyperbolism and idealization of images, the folklore basis of plots and the conventional symbolic-metaphoric language.


Author(s):  
T. Vilhovchenko

The article traces the historical stages of the emergence and development of modern choreography, its main directions, the influence of outstanding choreographers on the development of the plastic language of modern dance. It is noted that modern dance and its many and varied styles, types, forms arouse interest and the most controversial reactions from both the viewer and the critic. The concept of "modern choreography" was used and was relevant at every stage of the historical development of dance. In this or that historical period, dance was considered innovative and in line with the spirit of its time. Particular attention is paid to modern dance in the article. It incorporated both the aesthetic principles of the early 20th century and the further transformation of the modern dance of the second half of the 20th - early 21st centuries. The work also explores the emergence of the theory of movement, which appeared at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries. However, despite the absence of a system of choreographic structure, tools for its analysis have already been proposed. This dance did not have a specific form and was aimed at conveying a person's spiritual state. In parallel with the birth of modern dance, new views on its perspectives were framed. The innovators sought to minimize the importance of costume, music, and decoration while maximizing lexical material and depth of thought, which rejected any canons of dance composition. It marked the beginning of a new era - the postmodern era, in which modern choreography evolves, moves in search of new forms and means of expression, changes, creating a new vocabulary, artistic symbols, and understandable signs.


2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962110258
Author(s):  
Ignatius G.D Suglo

This paper examines depictions of Africans in China during the period when China moved to establish diplomatic relations across the African continent – the foundation of what would become Africa–China relations today. Chinese posters were early forms of mass visual interaction with (the image of) foreign nationals. They reflect how Chinese society viewed itself in relation to others as it developed a global awareness through domestic mobilization. This study investigates how Africa and Africans are depicted in Chinese posters and how they shaped and/or reflected discourses of the period. It also examines motivations behind the inclusion of Africans in Chinese posters, arguing that this largely had a domestic rationale. By historicizing the meaning-making process of the image of Africa in 20th-century Chinese posters, this paper demonstrates that Chinese posters informed public opinion by defining friend and foe, focused more on China and her Cold War entanglements than on Africa, and simultaneously challenged and reinforced some widely held stereotypes about the continent.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
I. A. Peremislov ◽  
◽  
L. G. Peremislov ◽  

Japanese culture with its unique monuments of architecture, sculpture, painting, small forms, decorative and applied arts, occupies a special place in the development of world art. Influenced by China, Japanese masters created their own unique style based on the aesthetics of contemplation and spiritual harmony of man and nature. In the context of "Japan's inspiration" the work refers to the influence of the art of the Land of the Rising Sun on American decorative arts and, in particular, on the silver jewelry industry in trends of a new aesthetic direction of the last third of the XIXth century, the "Aesthetic movement". The article provides a brief overview of the history of the emergence and development of decorative silver art in the United States. The important centers of silversmithing in the USA and the most important American manufacturers of the XIXth century are described in more detail. The article also touches on the influence of Japanese aesthetic ideas on European creative groups and on the formation of innovative ideas in European decorative arts. At the same time, an attempt is made to trace the origin, development trends, evolution and variations of "Japanesque" style in American decorative and applied art, in particular, in the works of Edward Moore and Charles Osborne (Tiffany & Co jewelry multinational company).


Author(s):  
Elena V. Kovaleva

The article studies the problem of interrelation of the cult and aesthetic components of iconography and analyzes the approach to its solution in the works of the representative of Russian religious philosophy of the early 20th century E. Trubetskoy.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Kevin Jacobs

The affective labour debate has become mainstream in communications studies. In this paper, I The affective labour debate has become mainstream in communications studies. In this paper, I suggest the Aesthetic Movement of the late 19th century as inspiration for how users can use Facebook with the knowledge that their data is being used for profit. I present Facebook usage as art, creating an analog with aesthete Oscar Wilde’s essay, “the critic as artist” (1891/2010), where he presents critics as artists. Other theorists, especially Walter Benjamin provide grounding for making the argument that Facebook usage is an artistic expression. I then turn to my inversion of Walter Pater’s “art for art’s sake”, the seminal idea of Aestheticism and propose Facebook for Facebook’s sake as a method for Facebook use. While more advanced remuneration concepts have yet to arrive with such force that they could provide the proper payment to users, Facebook for its own sake is a way to appreciate Facebook’s beauty in the meantime. Baudelaire and Debord’s psychogeographic theories provide methods for navigating cities that I apply to examine Facebook as a digital city. The central claim of this paper is the following: By using Facebook for Facebook’s sake, users take back some of the dignity taken away from them in the exploitation of free labour. Finally, I turn to critiques of Aestheticism and how contemporary software might provide insight into using Facebook in an ethical manner. Users will have to consider each action differently; how would liking something affect users’ artistic expression of themselves? In this way, while the affective labour debate continues, users can use Facebook for its own sake.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Цветана [Tzvetana] Георгиева [Georgieva]

Ivan Grozev and the “New Cultural Race” in the Aesthetic Religious Project of Bulgarian ModernismThe aesthetic-religious views of Ivan Grozev, a Bulgarian writer, poet and spiritual awakener, combine various aspects whose unifying center is the mystical ability of man to reach God: the Christian idea of man’s aspiration for God; theosophical and Masonic conceptions; and elements of Hellenistic philosophy and mystery. In his articles and studies that he published in the journal Hyperion, Ivan Grozev promoted ideas about the poet as “a priest and a prophet”, his “worldly sacrifice”, and “the steps towards godly knowledge” (scientist, genius, mystic). As a true Theosophist, he contrasts his utilitarian times with the spiritual from past eras (reason vs. mysticism), affirming the idea of a “New Heaven” and a “New Cultural Race” for the devoted ones. The Bulgarian modern consciousness from the late 19th and early 20th century perceived such ideas as a new type of religion of the aesthetic, and at the same time as a new ethic of the creator (prophet, Übermensch in the sense of Nietzsche or Rudolf Steiner) as a necessity of spiritual creation of a new cultural race that abandons mercantilism for the sake of ideal values. Iwan Grozew i „nowa rasa kulturowa” w religijno-estetycznym projekcie bułgarskiego modernizmuPoglądy estetyczno-religijne Iwana Grozewa, bułgarskiego pisarza, poety, działacza na rzecz duchowego przebudzenia społeczeństwa, łączą aspekty chrześcijańskiej idei dążenia człowieka do Boga, koncepcje teozoficzne i masońskie, elementy hellenistycznej filozofii i misteriów, a ich wspólnym jądrem jest mistyczna zdolność człowieka, aby dotrzeć do Boga. W artykułach i studiach publikowanych na łamach czasopisma „Хиперион” Iwan Grozew propaguje idee dotyczące poety „kapłana i proroka” i jego „ziemskiej ofiary”, „kroków w kierunku boskiej wiedzy” (naukowiec, geniusz, mistyk); jako wyznawca teozofii, utylitarne czasy, w jakich żyje, przeciwstawia epokom duchowym z przeszłości (rozum przeciwko mistycyzmowi), potwierdzając ideę „nowego nieba” i „nowej rasy kulturowej” dla osób poświęconych. W bułgarskiej świadomości modernistycznej przełomu XIX i XX wieku takie idee postrzegane były jako nowy rodzaj religii estetycznej, a jednocześnie jako nowa etyka twórcy (proroka, nadczłowieka w rozumieniu Friedricha Nietzschego lub Rudolfa Steinera), pojęta jako konieczność duchowego stworzenia nowej rasy kulturowej, która odrzuca postawę merkantylną w imię wartości idealnych.


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