scholarly journals Pile Dwellings in the Circum-Baltic Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 2-16
Author(s):  
Elena Pranckėnaitė ◽  
Ekaterina Dolbunova ◽  
Andrey Mazurkevich
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Inland Lakes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Location Patterns ◽  
Baltic Area

The phenomenon of northern pile dwellings has been found in different geographical zones and landscapes of the Circum-Baltic region: in sea landscapes and on the shores of inland lakes and rivers. Inland sites were established in specific lacustrine landscapes, appearing within former post-glacial basins. The pile dwellings revealed here are characterized by different types of wooden buildings, including structures with raised floors. They are dated to the 4th millennium BC to 4th century BC in Central Europe and the Baltics, and to the end of the 4th to end of the 3rd millennium BC – in NW Russia and Belarus. They appeared in major cases independently and followed different cultural trajectories. The article presents an overview of a number of sites which can be attributed to pile dwelling settlements distributed in the Circum-Baltic area. It discusses particular features of their construction, traits of material culture, and site location patterns.

Social change in the Later Neolithic of Central Europe

Antiquity ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (225) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Starling
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Uniform Pattern ◽  
Funnel Beaker Culture ◽  
Small Sites ◽  
Important Shift ◽  
Complete Collapse

Profound changes occurred in central and northern Europe towards the end of the 3rd millennium bcX, when a uniform pattern of settlement, burial and material culture-the Corded Ware complexreplaced the diversity of the middle neolithic groups of the TRB (or Funnel Beaker Culture). Collective graves and large settlement sites gave way to individual burials in a largely dispersed pattern of settlement based on small sites. This was accompanied by a spread of sites into hitherto uncolonized areas, and a greater variety of locations used for settlement. This major change might at first seem to indicate a complete collapse of the earlier system, with an undifferentiated pattern replacing the apparent beginnings of hierarchies indicated by the Middle Neolithic. Kristiansen ( I 982) has recently suggested for Denmark that the middle neolithic system disintegrated, fitting a model of cyclical tribal development. It is suggested here, however, that the transformation of the middle neolithic pattern is better seen as a changed structure, which does not involve concepts such as disintegration or collapse, but marks an important shift in the organization of neolithic societies.

A Preliminary Report on Excavations at Star Carr, Seamer, Scarborough, Yorkshire, 1949

1949 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 52-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. D. Clark ◽  
H. Godwin ◽  
F. C. Fraser ◽  
J. E. King
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Early Literature ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Baltic Area

The object of the excavations described in this preliminary report was to recover evidence of:(a) the more perishable elements in the material culture of a Maglemosian community,(b) the fauna on which this community largely subsisted and(c) the vegetation which formed the ecological setting of man and beast alike.The best way of appreciating the need for such an investigation and of judging the measure of success attained in this first season is to consider how knowledge of the Maglemosian culture in Britain grew up between the two world wars. There appear to have been two main clues, namely single finds of barbed bone points, commonly, though probably wrongly, referred to in the early literature as ‘harpoons,’ and flint industries of a type associated with analogous points on Maglemosian sites in the Baltic area.

Being hunted high and low: do differences in nocturnal sleeping and diurnal resting sites of howler monkeys (Alouatta nigerrima and Alouatta discolor) reflect safety from attack by different types of predator?

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-219
Author(s):  
Thays Jucá ◽  
Sarah Boyle ◽  
Gitana Cavalcanti ◽  
Thiago Cavalcante ◽  
Pavel Tomanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Howler Monkeys ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Resting Sites ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sleeping Sites ◽  
Low Do

Abstract Predation risk is important in influencing animal behaviour. We investigated how the choice of nocturnal sleeping and diurnal resting sites by two species of primates was influenced by the most likely forms of attack (diurnal raptors and nocturnal felids). We recorded vertical and horizontal patterns of occupancy for 47 sleeping and 31 resting sites, as well as the presence of lianas or vines on trees. We compared the heights of trees used as resting or sleeping sites by the monkeys with those of 200 forest trees that the monkeys did not use. Trees used as nocturnal sleeping sites were taller than those used as diurnal resting sites, and taller than trees that the monkeys did not use. However, while trees used as diurnal resting sites were not significantly taller than non-used trees, diurnal resting sites were located on branches closer to the ground, closer to the main trunk of the tree and in trees with more lianas/vines than nocturnal sleeping sites. The differences in site location can be explained by the type of predator most likely to attack at a particular time: raptors in the day and felids at night.

scholarly journals How Does Infrastructure Investment Affect Macroeconomic Performance? Evidence from Portugal

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 14-40
Author(s):  
Alfredo Marvão Pereira ◽  
Rui Manuel Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Traded Goods ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Infrastructure Investments

We use the industry-specific effects of 12 different types of infrastructure investment in Portugal to highlight the mechanisms through which such investments affect economic activity. Our main findings are as follows: first, demand-side effects are over 60 per cent of total effects for airport investments, ports, refineries and water, and over 45 per cent for national roads, municipal roads, telecommunications, health and education. Second, site-location effects are also very significant, in particular for national roads, highways and railroads, with 30, 35 and 64 per cent of the total effects, respectively. Site-location effects are negative for water and electricity, and statistically insignificant for municipal roads, airports and refineries, and marginally positive for ports, that is, all these are cases in which we would expect adverse or small location effects. Third, the macroeconomic effects are driven primarily by the effects of these investments on non-traded goods and service industries. The functional channel relating to internationally traded goods is much less significant while the functional effect affecting non-traded industries is much more relevant as it accounts for more than 30 per cent of the effects in the cases of municipal roads, airports and refineries, and in excess of 20 per cent for highways, railroads, telecommunications, health and education. Naturally, these results cannot be automatically generalised, as the nature of the effects of infrastructure investments crucially depends on the level of development of the country in question, on the maturity of its existent infrastructure systems, and on the rigour of all decisions pertaining to infrastructure investment. Nevertheless, they establish that, as infrastructure investments are concerned, the dominance of virtuous supply-side effects is not a foregone conclusion and, conversely, the relevance of Keynesian effects cannot be dismissed. JEL Classification: C32, E22, H54, L90, L98, O52

High Dose High Temperature Ion Implantation of Ge into 4H-SiC

2006 ◽  
Vol 527-529 ◽  
pp. 851-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kups ◽  
Petia Weih ◽  
M. Voelskow ◽  
Wolfgang Skorupa ◽  
Jörg Pezoldt
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Lattice Site ◽  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
Stacking Faults ◽  
Implantation Dose ◽  
Location Analysis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Different Types

A box like Ge distribution was formed by ion implantation at 600°C. The Ge concentration was varied from 1 to 20 %. The TEM investigations revealed an increasing damage formation with increasing implantation dose. No polytype inclusions were observed in the implanted regions. A detailed analysis showed different types of lattice distortion identified as insertion stacking faults. The lattice site location analysis by “atomic location by channelling enhanced microanalysis” revealed that the implanted Ge is mainly located at interstitial positions.

scholarly journals Transformations in East-Central Europe from 6000 to 3000 BC: local vs. foreign patterns

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 143-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Local Development ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
Local Patterns ◽  
Over Time

In the sixth, fifth and fourth millennium BC, in the basins of the Vistula and the Oder, extremely complex economic, social and ideological transformations took place. They consisted in the emergence and expansion of new systems of circulating information (‘communicative communities’). The majority of these were connected with the Neolithic. The process involved a constant clash between foreign and local patterns. The latter, over time, prevailed. Hence the ultimate dominance of Neolithic communicative communities in the eastern part of Central Europe around the middle of the fourth millennium was essentially a local development. Nonetheless, a considerable portion of the territory continued to remain outside their influence. Therefore, throughout the three millennia, Mesolithic communicative communities not only gradually merged with or evolved into Neolithic ones. They also embraced such transformations, mainly concerning the material culture and ideology, which were completely independent from the advances of the Neolithic, or could have been competitive in relation to them.

scholarly journals Comparison of genetic diversity of three Impatiens species from Central Europe and Baltic region

2015 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenija Kupcinskiene ◽  
Lina Zybartaite ◽  
Algimantas Paulauskas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Baltic Region

scholarly journals Spatial cognition in landscape designations in the area of the Old European Hydronymy

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-84
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Lühr
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Southern Scandinavia ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Subject of the investigation are settlement names that refer to waters. These oikonyms are often the oldest. The research area is that of the Ancient European Hydronymy. The Old European hydronyms occur in Central Europe, in the Baltic region, in Southern Scandinavia, in the British Isles, in France, on the Iberian Peninsula and in Italy. The research question is, if the expression of spatial relationships in oikonyms with water words is a universal? It turns out to be also other naming strategies. The theoretical framework is Levinson’s (2008) description of spatial cognition. The connection of spatial cognition with landscape terms is new in toponomastics.

scholarly journals La traduzione degli elementi culturali nella letteratura per bambini

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Different Types

Culture is often transmitted in a text through lexemes termed realia words. These words are used to denominate culturally specific objects, but because they are culturally oriented they are very difficult to translate: various strategies are used by translators and are described in translation studies. This paper analyzes realia words used in the book Vaffelhjarte (Waffle Hearts) by the Norwegian children’s writer Maria Parr and translated into Italian. The study distinguishes different types of realia (personal names, place names, names of foods and drinks, names of holidays, and other names describing material culture) and the various strategies used to translate each type.

The Eastern Baltic

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Lang
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Entire Region ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
South West ◽  
The Baltic

This chapter examines Iron Age funerary and domestic archaeological sites, and economic and cultural developments from c.500 BC–AD 550/600, in the east Baltic region (present day Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania). While the early pre-Roman Iron Age was to some extent a continuation of the late Bronze Age in material culture terms, many changes took place in the late pre-Roman Iron Age. At the change of era, new cultural trends spread over the east Baltic region, from the south-eastern shore of the Baltic to south-west Finland, which produced a remarkable unification of material culture over this entire region up to the Migration period. Differences in burial practices and ceramics, however, indicate the existence of two distinct ethnic groups, Proto-Finnic in the northern part of the region and Proto-Baltic to the south. Subsistence was based principally on agriculture and stock rearing, with minor variations in the economic orientation of different areas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document