Dégradation in vitro de Leucaena leucocephala ou Calliandra calothyrsus associé Brachiaria ruziziensis, Trypsacum laxum et au Pennisetum purpureumcomme sources d'énegie

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ET Pamo ◽  
FA Fonteh ◽  
JR Kana ◽  
F Tendonkeng ◽  
EME Betfiang
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis

scholarly journals Forage legumes included in diets with tropical grasses. I. Chemical composition and in-vitro digestibility

1969 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Abner A. Rodríguez ◽  
Ernesto O. Riquelme ◽  
Paul F. Randel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of including legume species (Leucaena leucocephala, Stylosanthes guianensis, Centrosema pubescens Benth or Neonotonia wightii) at levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40% of the dry matter on the chemical composition (crude protein, CP neutral detergent fiber, NDF; acid detergent fiber, ADF) and on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of mixtures of each legume with four grass species (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst, Panicum maximum jacq., Pennisetum purpureum Schum., or Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Of the legume species included, Leucaena leucocephala and Centrosema pubescens had the highest CP content and IVDMD, respectively. For the legumes, the mean CP and IVDMD values, respectively, were Leucaena leucocephala, 21.98 and 68.09; Stylosanthes guianensis, 13.70 and 63.44; Centrosema pubescens, 18.29 and 68.60; and Neonotonia wightii, 16.72 and 66.64%. For the grasses, they were, respectively, Cynodon nlemfuensis, 8.27 and 61.38; Panicum maximum, 7.64 and 60.06; Pennisetum purpureum, 8.02 and 53.47; and Sorghum bicolor, 7.57 and 59.62%. Neutral detergent fiber and ADF contents were higher in the grasses (Cynodon nlemfuensis, 73.03 and 44.45; Panicum maximum, 65.27 and 49.06; Pennisetum purpureum, 69.26 and 51.88; and Sorghum bicolor, 60.24 and 50.99%, respectively) than in the fegumes (Leucaena leucocephala, 50.52 and 28.50; Stylosanthes guianensis, 52.57 and 36.63; Centrosema pubescens, 58.43 and 34.84; and Neonotonia wightii, 54.11 and 33.23%, respectively). The chemical composition of the forages varied according to the relative proportions of the species included, as expected. However, the effects on IVDMD were not additive; rather, associative effects, mainly antagonistic, were observed in most of the mixtures.

scholarly journals Kajian In Vitro Kecernaan Fraksi Serat Hijauan Tropis pada Media Cairan Rumen Kambing

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Marselinus Hambakodu ◽  
Alexander Kaka ◽  
Yessy Tamu Ina
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kecernaan NDF, kecernaan ADF dan kecernaan hemiselulosa pada hijauan pakan tropis secara in vitro. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 8 jenis pakan hijauan tropis dan cairan rumen kambing PE berfistula yang diberi pakan dengan kandungan PK 12% dan TDN 62%. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap 8 perlakuan pakan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P1 = turi (Sesbania grandiflora), P2 = nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus), P3 = pisang (Musa acuminate), P4 = mangga (Mangifera indica L.), P5 = gamal (Gliricidia sepium), P6 = mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.), P7 = kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) dan P8 = lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA taraf 5%, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecernaan NDF, kecernaan ADF, dan kecernaan hemiselulosa berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Hijauan pakan tropis lamtoro, kaliadra dan gamal memiliki kecernaan NDF, kecernaan ADF lebih tinggi dibandingkan turi, nangka, pisang, mangga, dan mahoni, namun kecernaan hemiselulosa kaliandra, manga dan lamtoro tertinggi. Kesimpulan, hijauan Leucaena leucocephala, Calliandra calothyrsus, dan Gliricidia sepium memiliki kecernaan NDF tertinggi (70,34%; 66,26% dan 62,29%), dan kecernaan ADF tertinggi (53,79%; 48,08%; dan 58,91%), namun kecernaan hemiselulosa tertinggi adalah Calliandra calothyrsus, Mangifera indica L, dan Leucaena leucocephala (18,18%; 17,80% dan 16,55%).Kata kunci: in vitro, hijauan tropis, kecernaan, serat ABSTRACTThis research was conducted to evaluate neutral detergent fiber digestibility, acid detergent fiber digestibility, and hemicellulose digestibility on tropical browse plants in vitro. The materials used in this research were 8 types of tropical forages and rumen fluid from Etawa Crossbreed goat fistulated with CP 12 % and 62 % TDN. The experimental design used was the completely randomized design of 8 feed treatments and 3 replications. Treatments consisted of P1 = Sesbania grandiflora, P2 = Artocarpus heterophyllus, P3 = Musa acuminata, P4 = Mangifera indica L., P5 = Gliricidia sepium, P6 = Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq, P7 = Calliandra calothyrsus, and P8 = Leucaena leucocephala. Data were analyzed using ANOVA 5%, and continued by Duncan test. The results of the study showed that neutral detergent fiber digestibility, acid detergent fiber digestibility, hemicellulose digestibility were significantly (P<0.05). Tropical forages of Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium were highest neutral detergent fiber digestibility (70,34% and 62,29%), and highest acid detergent fiber digestibility (57,14% and 58,91%), with hemicellulose digestibility (64,10% and 65,00%).Keywords: digestibility, fiber, tropical browse plants, in vitro

In vitro screening of rumen fluid samples from indigenous African ruminants provides evidence for rumen fluid with superior capacities to digest tannin-rich fodders

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Odenyo ◽  
C. S. McSweeney ◽  
B. Palmer ◽  
D. Negassa ◽  
P. O. Osuji
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Acacia Angustissima ◽  
Type Interaction ◽  
Fluid Sources

The capabilities of rumen fluid sources from indigenous African ruminants and hindgut fluid from zebra to ferment leaves of Acacia angustissima, Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena diversifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Leucaena pallida, and Tephrosia bracteolata were evaluated to determine the presence of tannin tolerant or degrading microbes. In vitro gas and ammonia production and loss of neutral detergent fibre were estimated as indices for fermentation. The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on fermentation was tested. The ability of microorganisms in rumen fluid sources to grow in the presence of tannin extracts or tannic acid was also tested and their disappearance was determined by HPLC. There was a significant (P < 0.001) rumen fluid source × fodder type interaction with all variables studied. The highest gas and ammonia production was from samples incubated with rumen fluid from dik-dik and goat. Addition of PEG enhanced fermentation with various rumen fluid sources and from some plant leaves but its effect was greatest (P < 0.001) in A. angustissima. HPLC results showed that tannin and phenolic monomers were hydrolysed by all rumen fluid sources. The conclusion from this work was that rumen fluid from goat, gazelle, Gunther™s dik-dik, and impala effectively fermented tannin-rich fodders and therefore may harbour tannin tolerant or degrading microorganisms.

scholarly journals Avaliação de fontes de urease na amonização de fenos de Brachiaria brizantha com dois teores de umidade

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liandra Maria Abaker Bertipaglia ◽  
Silvio De Luca ◽  
Gabriel Maurício Peruca de Melo ◽  
Ricardo Andrade Reis
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens

O efeito da amonização com uréia (5,0% matéria seca) do feno de Brachiaria brizantha, com dois teores de umidade (15 ou 30% de umidade), associado a três fontes de urease (feno de capim Brachiaria decumbens, capim-elefante [Pennisetum purpureum] e leucena [Leucaena leucocephala]), foi avaliado. Foram determinados os teores de proteína bruta (PB), fração solúvel (A), frações de proteína verdadeira solúvel e insolúvel em borato fosfato (B1 e B2), fração de proteína potencialmente degradável (B3) e fração da proteína insolúvel em detergente ácido (C). Avaliaram-se os teores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), celulose (CEL), hemicelulose (HEM) e lignina (LIG) e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com 10 tratamentos (dois controles, 15 e 30% umidade, sem uréia e sem urease; dois controles, 15 e 30% umidade, com uréia e sem urease; seis combinações de fontes de urease e conteúdo de umidade) e três repetições. A amonização dos fenos com diferentes conteúdos de umidade, associados a fontes de urease, aumentou os teores de PB e da fração A, mas não afetou B1 e B2. Contudo, as frações B3 e C diminuíram em reposta à amonização. A aplicação de uréia nos fenos de 30% de umidade, associados ou não a fontes de urease, diminuiu os teores de FDN. A adição de fontes de urease não alterou os teores dos constituintes da parede celular, quando comparada aos tratamentos amonizados com uréia. Os tratamentos aplicados não proporcionaram efeitos consistentes sobre os teores de FDA e de CEL dos fenos e não afetaram os teores de LIG. A aplicação de uréia associada a 15 ou 30% de umidade foi favorável para aumentar o nitrogênio solúvel do feno de Brachiaria brizantha e diminuir o nitrogênio indisponível para o ruminante.

scholarly journals In vitro rumen biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in tropical grass-legume rations

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-668
Author(s):  
Malik Makmur ◽  
Mardiati Zain ◽  
Fauzia Agustin ◽  
Riesi Sriagtula ◽  
Ezi Masdia Putri
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Tropical Grass

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various combinations of tropical grass-legume species in rations on the biohydrogenation (BH) activity of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), C18:0 composition, and fermentation profile in an in vitro rumen system. Materials and Methods: Samples of the following five fodder plants were used: One species of grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and four species of tree legumes (Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, Calliandra calothyrsus, and Indigofera zollingeriana). The following eight experimental diets were evaluated: 50% P. purpureum + 50% L. leucocephala (LL I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% G. sepium (GS I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% C. calothyrsus (CC I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% I. zollingeriana (IZ I); 75% P. purpureum + 25% L. leucocephala (LL II); 75% P. purpureum + 25% G. sepium (GS II); 75% P. purpureum + 25% C. calothyrsus (CC II); and 75% P. purpureum + 25% I. zollingeriana (IZ II). Each ration was replicated 3 times. In vitro rumen incubation was performed for 48 h, according to the Tilley and Terry method. Determination of the FA profiles of the forage materials and rumen fluid samples was performed using gas chromatography. Results: The percentage of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in the forage materials ranged from 34.18% (P. purpureum) to 74.51% (C. calothyrsus). The percentage of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) ranged from 5.06% (P. purpureum) to 8.71% (L. leucocephala). The percentage of saturated FA (SFA) was the lowest at 19.12% (C. calothyrsus) and highest at 60.76% (P. purpureum). In vitro BH of C18:3 n-3, C18:2 n-6, C18:1 n-9, and C18 PUFA in the experimental diets ranged from 72% to 100%. The BH of C18:1 n-9 in GS I (80%) and IZ I (72%) was significantly different (p<0.05). The percentage of C18:0 was 10-50% and significantly different (p<0.05) among treatments, with the highest (of 50%) in GS II. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in the fermentation parameters (pH, total volatile FAs, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and in vitro organic matter digestibility) among the treatments, except in NH3 concentration (p<0.05). Conclusion: The various combinations of tropical legumes do not have significant inhibitory effects on the BH of C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, and C18 PUFA after in vitro incubation for 48 h. Furthermore, an increase in the tropical legume ratio in the ration tends to suppress C18:0 formation after the fermentation simulation process. IZ I has the potential to reduce C18:1 n-9 (MUFA) disappearance and yield an ideal rumen fermentation profile.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and in Vitro Digestibility of Five Heavily Fertilized Tropical Grasses in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
S. Tessema ◽  
R. E. McDowell ◽  
P. J. Van Soest ◽  
A. Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis

Samples from five tropical grass species: Guinea (Panicum maximum), Pangola (Digitaria decumbens), Congo (Brachiaria ruziziensis), Merker (Pennisetum purpureum), and Star (Cynodon nlemfuensis), were harvested during nine weeks at ages from 7 to 63 days in southwestern Puerto Rico. The grasses were fertilized at the rate of 4480 kg/ha per year with a 15-5-10 fertilizer. The crude protein content of all grasses exceeded 10 percent up through 28 days of regrowth. Grasses declined in crude protein from a mean of 18.1 percent at 7 days to 5.6 percent at 63 days. A narrower range was observed between grasses from 42 to 63 days. The five tropical grasses possessed high contents of structural carbohydrates, principally cellulose and lignin, which increased with age, except in Pangola grass. Silica did not change uniformly with age in any of the grasses while hemicellulose was characterized by marked fluctuations. Digestibility values were lower at all stages of growth than in temperate forages of similar ages. Cellulose was negatively correlated with in vitro digestibility in all grasses except Pangola. Lignin appeared to be the predominant factor in determining digestibility. The relationship of silica to digestibility varied between species, being positive in some (Guinea and Congo) and negative in others (Star, Pangola, and Merker). The grasses may be ranked as follows with regard to their chemical composition and digestibility: Merker > Congo > Star > Guinea > Pangola. Pangola grass, though lowest in in vitro digestibility, declined least with advancing age, thus maintaining a more constant quality for a longer period of time.

scholarly journals Rumen disappearance of tannins from tropical tannin-rich plants: interplay between degradability, methane production and adherent rumen microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moufida Rira ◽  
Diego P Morgavi ◽  
Milka Popova ◽  
Gaelle Maxin ◽  
Michel Doreau
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Musa Spp

Condensed tannins in plants are found free and attached to protein and fibre but it is not known whether these fractions influence degradation and rumen function. The aim of the study was to explore the rumen degradation of tropical tannins-rich plants and elucidate their relationship with the disappearance of condensed tannins fractions. The effects on fermentation parameters and microbial communities colonising plant particles in the rumen was also assessed. We used in situ and in vitro approaches to study four leguminous: leaves from Calliandra calothyrsus, Gliricidia sepium, and Leucaena leucocephala, Acacia nilotica pods and the leaves of two agricultural by-products: Manihot esculenta and Musa spp. Plants were analysed to quantify levels of hydrolysable tannins, free condensed tannins, protein-bound condensed tannins and fibre-bound condensed tannins. Rumen dry matter, nitrogen and fibre (NDF) degradability, rumen disappearance of tannin fractions and microbial colonisation of plants was assessed in situ. The methane-mitigation potential of tannin-rich plants compared to a tropical forage without tannins was assessed in vitro. All plants contained more than 100 g/kg of condensed tannins with a large proportion (32 to 61%) bound to proteins. Calliandra calothyrsus had the highest concentration of condensed tannins at 361 g/kg, whereas Acacia nilotica was particularly rich in hydrolysable tannins (350 g/kg). Hydrolysable and free condensed tannins from all plants completely disappeared after 24 h incubation in the rumen. Disappearance of protein-bound condensed tannins was more variable with Gliricidia sepium showing the highest proportion (93%), Manihot esculenta and Musa spp. showed intermediate values of disappearance, and no disappearance was observed from Calliandra calothyrsus leaves. In contrast, fibre-bound condensed tannins disappearance averaged ~82% and did not vary between plants. Disappearance of bound fractions of condensed tannins was not associated with degradability of plant fractions. Dry matter and nitrogen degradation were similar for all plants except Calliandra calothyrsus and Musa spp. that showed lower values. Calliandra and Acacia nilotica had also a lower NDF degradation. Methane production was also lower for these plants and for Leucaena leucocephala although for the latter total volatile fatty acids production was not affected and was similar to control. The presence of tannins interfered with the microbial colonisation of plants. Each plant had distinct bacterial and archaeal communities after 3 and 12 h of incubation in the rumen and distinct protozoal communities at 3 h. Adherent communities in tannin-rich plants had a lower relative abundance of fibrolytic microbes, notably Fibrobacter spp. Whereas, archaea diversity was reduced in high tannin-containing Calliandra calothyrsus and Acacia nilotica at 12 h of incubation. Here we show that the total amount of hydrolysable and condensed tannins contained in a plant govern the interaction with rumen microbes affecting degradability and fermentation. The effect of protein- and fibre-bound condensed tannins on degradability is less important.

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