scholarly journals In vitro rumen biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in tropical grass-legume rations

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-668
Author(s):  
Malik Makmur ◽  
Mardiati Zain ◽  
Fauzia Agustin ◽  
Riesi Sriagtula ◽  
Ezi Masdia Putri
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Tropical Grass

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various combinations of tropical grass-legume species in rations on the biohydrogenation (BH) activity of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), C18:0 composition, and fermentation profile in an in vitro rumen system. Materials and Methods: Samples of the following five fodder plants were used: One species of grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and four species of tree legumes (Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, Calliandra calothyrsus, and Indigofera zollingeriana). The following eight experimental diets were evaluated: 50% P. purpureum + 50% L. leucocephala (LL I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% G. sepium (GS I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% C. calothyrsus (CC I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% I. zollingeriana (IZ I); 75% P. purpureum + 25% L. leucocephala (LL II); 75% P. purpureum + 25% G. sepium (GS II); 75% P. purpureum + 25% C. calothyrsus (CC II); and 75% P. purpureum + 25% I. zollingeriana (IZ II). Each ration was replicated 3 times. In vitro rumen incubation was performed for 48 h, according to the Tilley and Terry method. Determination of the FA profiles of the forage materials and rumen fluid samples was performed using gas chromatography. Results: The percentage of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in the forage materials ranged from 34.18% (P. purpureum) to 74.51% (C. calothyrsus). The percentage of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) ranged from 5.06% (P. purpureum) to 8.71% (L. leucocephala). The percentage of saturated FA (SFA) was the lowest at 19.12% (C. calothyrsus) and highest at 60.76% (P. purpureum). In vitro BH of C18:3 n-3, C18:2 n-6, C18:1 n-9, and C18 PUFA in the experimental diets ranged from 72% to 100%. The BH of C18:1 n-9 in GS I (80%) and IZ I (72%) was significantly different (p<0.05). The percentage of C18:0 was 10-50% and significantly different (p<0.05) among treatments, with the highest (of 50%) in GS II. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in the fermentation parameters (pH, total volatile FAs, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and in vitro organic matter digestibility) among the treatments, except in NH3 concentration (p<0.05). Conclusion: The various combinations of tropical legumes do not have significant inhibitory effects on the BH of C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, and C18 PUFA after in vitro incubation for 48 h. Furthermore, an increase in the tropical legume ratio in the ration tends to suppress C18:0 formation after the fermentation simulation process. IZ I has the potential to reduce C18:1 n-9 (MUFA) disappearance and yield an ideal rumen fermentation profile.

scholarly journals Multiple-factor associative effects of peanut shell combined with alfalfa and concentrate determined by in vitro gas production method

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 352-360
Author(s):  
Jiu Yuan ◽  
Xinjie Wan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

The associative effects (AE) between concentrate (C), peanut shell (P) and alfalfa (A) were investigated by means of an automated gas production (GP) system. The C, P and A were incubated alone or as 40 : 60 : 0, 40 : 45 : 15, 40 : 30 : 30, 40 : 15 : 45, 40 : 0 : 60 and 30 : 70 : 0, 30 : 55 : 15, 30 : 40 : 30, 30 : 25 : 45, 30 : 10 : 60, 30 : 0 : 70 mixtures where the C : roughage (R) ratios were 40 : 60 and 30 : 70. Samples (0.2000 ± 0.0010 g) of single feeds or mixtures were incubated for 96 h in individual bottles (100 ml) with 30 ml of buffered rumen fluid. GP parameters were analysed using a single exponential equation. After incubation, the residues were used to determine pH, dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) of the incubation fluid, and their single factor AE indices (SFAEI) and multiple-factors AE indices (MFAEI) were determined. The results showed that group of 30 peanut shell had higher SFAEI of GP<sub>48 h</sub>, DMD, OMD and total volatile fatty acids (p &lt; 0.05) and MFAEI (p &lt; 0.05) than groups 60, 45 and 0 when C : R was 40 : 60. The group of 10 peanut shell showed higher SFAEI of GP<sub>48 h</sub>, DMD and OMD (p &lt; 0.05) than groups 70, 55 and 40 and MFAEI (p &lt; 0.01) when C : R was 30 : 70. It is concluded that optimal SFAEI and MFAEI were obtained when the C : P : A ratios were 40 : 30 : 30 and 30 : 10 : 60.

scholarly journals The effects of continuous ruminal dosing with dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate on ruminal and metabolic characteristics of lactating Holstein cows

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-M. J. Yang ◽  
G. A. Vargat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Diethyl Ether Extract ◽  
Dioctyl Sodium

Rumen-cannulated Holstein cows were used to study the effect of intraruminal dosing of dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate (DSS; 0.07 g/kg body weight per d) for 4 weeks. DSS was suspended in nylon bags to allow it to be released slowly into the rumen. Cows were offered a diet containing grass silage and concentrate (45:55, w/w). Intakes of control cows were regulated to those of DSS-dosed cows. Cows dosed with DSS had no rumen ciliate protozoa, lower rumen NH3-N concentrations and acetate and butyrate proportions, higher propionate, isovalerate, and valerate proportions.In vitrofibre digestion by non-ciliate rumen fluid from DSS-dosed cows was apparently impaired. When cows were dosed with DSS, levels of neutral- and acid-detergent fibre in whole rumen contents were increased, rumen solids turnover rate was slower, and whole tract apparent digestibility of cellulose and diethyl ether extract was decreased. Dosing of DSS led to reduced concentrations of blood acetoacetate but elevated plasma glucose levels. Milk protein content was higher, however, lactose content was lower for DSS-dosed than control cows. Milk fat of DSS-dosed cows had a smaller proportion of short-chain fatty acids but a greater proportion of unsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Liquid Smoke as Fat Protector and Its Effect on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Microbial Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
N. C. Tiven ◽  
L. Hartati ◽  
T. M. Simanjorang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Liquid Smoke

This study was conducted to determine the effect of liquid smoke as a fat protector on unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and its effect on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial activity. Crude palm oil (CPO) was mixed with Prosteo skim milk (1:2), then divided into three treatments i.e., crude palm oil without protection by liquid smoke as a control (P0), crude palm oil protected by 2.5% of liquid smoke (P1), and crude falm oil protected by 5.0% of liquid smoke (P2). For in vitro testing, 300 mg of the feed substrate (elephant grass and bran with the ratio of 60:40) was added with 5% of each crude palm oil preparation of P0, P1, and P2 and put in a fermentor syringe. Then, 30 mL of the mixture of rumen fluid and buffer-minerals solution (1:2) was added into each syringe fermentor and flushed with CO2. The fermentor syringes were incubated in a water bath at 39ᵒC for 48 hours. Variables measured were fatty acid composition, fermentation characteristics, and rumen microbial activity. The data were analyzed by the analysis of variance with a completely randomized design. The results showed that the protection of CPO with liquid smoke in P1 and P2 groups decreased saturated fatty acids (SFAs), but increased (p<0.01) monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and CMCase activity. Protection of CPO with 2.5% of liquid smoke (P1) significantly increased (p<0.01) fermentation characteristics (NH3 content and pH). It can be concluded that the use of 2.5% of liquid smoke has a better effect on feed fats protection, because it can reduce hydrogenation, increase UFAs, and has no negative effects on fermentation characteristics and microbial activity.

scholarly journals Characteristic of different level of fermented concentrate in the rumen metabolism based on in vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
N. F. Sari ◽  
R. Ridwan ◽  
R. Rohmatussolihat ◽  
R. Fidriyanto ◽  
W. D. Astuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Feed Material ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Randomized Design

Digestibility is a description of the ability of feed material that can be utilized by livestock. Higher digestibility of feed material means the total amount of feed content that can be digested in the digestive tract. This study aimed to obtain the proportion of the use of fermentation concentrate in rumen fermentation based on in vitro. The feed used consisted of 7 treatments as follows P1 (20% Pennisetum purpureum: 80% concentrate), P2 (30% P.purpureum : 70% concentrate), P3 (40% P.purpureum : 60% concentrate), P4 (50% P.purpureum : 50% concentrate), P5 (20% concentrate: 80% P.purpureum), P6 (30% concentrate: 70% P.purpureum) and P7 (40% concentrate: 60% P.purpureum). Dry matter digestibility (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were done using Theodorou method. Gas production was measured when the samples were incubated at 39oC in the waterbath incubator at hours 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 48. Approximately 0.75 g of feed formulation was mixed with 75 mL of rumen fluid buffer. The rumen fluid is taken from 3 fistulated cattles prior to morning feeding. A complete randomized design with three replicates was used. Asymptotic gas production and kinetics were estimated by the Orskov’s model. The results of this study showed that P2 and P3 treatment showed the best digestibility among others treatment with 71.63% ; 71.06% of DMD and 76.42% ; 71.65% of OMD. In conclusion, P2 and P3 treatment can be used as feed for beef cattle. 

scholarly journals Fatty acids composition and biohydrogenation reduction agents of tropical forages

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
MALIK MAKMUR ◽  
MARDIATI ZAIN ◽  
YETTI MARLIDA ◽  
KHASRAD KHASRAD ◽  
ANURAGA JAYANEGARA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Pufa Composition ◽  
Tropical Forages

Abstract. Makmur M, Zain M, Marlida Y, Khasrad, Jayanegara A. 2019. Fatty acids composition and biohydrogenation reduction agents of tropical forages. Biodiversitas 20: 1917-1922. The study was conducted to determine the composition of fatty acids, measured rumen biohydrogenation reduction agents (total phenols and total tannins) content and selected promising plants in various species of tropical forages. Ten species of tropical forages, namely, Panicum maximum, Cynodon plectostachyus, Pennisetum purpurephoides, Pennisetum purpureum, Brachiaria decumbens, Glyricidia sepium, Calliandra calothyrsus, Stylosanthes guaianensis, Leucaena leucocephala and Indigofera zollingeriana were used in this study. The fatty acids composition (% of total identified fatty acids) which were dominant in grasses were C18: 3n-3 (29%), C16: 0 (28%) and C18: 2n-6 (23%). Whereas in legumes, the significantly higher composition of fatty acids was C18: 3n-3 (42%) followed by C16: 0 (17%) and C18: 2n-6 (17%). The average poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) composition in grasses was relatively lower (44.6%) than legumes (59%). Likewise the content of total phenols and total tannins (g/100g DM) of grasses (0.91 and 0.41) and legumes (1.72 and 0.70). The selection of the forage plant species was based on the criteria of PUFA composition and biohydrogenation reduction agents using TOPSIS method. The results obtained show that B. decumbens (grass) and I. zollingeriana (legume) had the highest preference value of 0.74 and 0.87, respectively. In conclusion, B. decumbens and I. zollingeriana are forage species that have potential to provide healthier ruminant products.

Inhibition of binding of gonadal steroids to serum binding proteins by non-esterified fatty acids: the influence of chain length and degree of unsaturation

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Street ◽  
R. J. S. Howell ◽  
L. Perry ◽  
S. Al-Othman ◽  
T. Chard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitro Binding

Abstract. The effect of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) on the in vitro binding of testosterone, 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone and estradiol E2 to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was examined using pooled normal female serum, and SHBG and albumin fractions obtained from the partial purification of late pregnancy serum. A range of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were examined for their effect on steroid-protein binding. In normal female serum, NEFA added at physiological concentrations disrupted steroid-protein binding. The shorter chain (C8–C12) saturated acids and the poly-unsaturated acids proved to be more effective inhibitors than the longer chain saturated or mono-unsaturated acids. The greatest inhibition was obtained with E2 whereas the binding of dihydrotestosterone was least affected. With partially purified SHBG, the same concentrations of NEFA were less effective at inhibiting the binding of dihydrotestosterone and testosterone but elicited the same effect with E2. The binding of steroids to albumin appeared to be unaffected by these concentrations of NEFA.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CRUDE PALM OIL PROTECTION WITH FORMALDEHYDE ON HYDROGENATION OF RUMEN FLUID UNSATURATED FATTY ACID: ITS EFFECT ON BLOOD AND MEAT FATTY ACID

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Nafly C. Tiven ◽  
Lies Mira Yusiati ◽  
Rusman Rusman ◽  
Umar Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Basal Ration

This research aimed to determine the effect of crude palm oil protected with formaldehyde on the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen and its effect on blood and meat fatty acids. Fifteenth local male lambs aged 9-12 months weighing 14-17 kg, were divided into 3 groups ration treatment. The first group received only the basal ration (R0), the 2nd group received the basal ration and 3% CPO (R1), while the 3rd group received the basal ration and 3% CPO protected with 2% formaldehyde (R2). Basal feed consisted of 60% grass, 30% bran and 10% soybean meal, with the nutrient content of 62.98% TDN, 45.5% DM, 14.48% CP, 4.70% EE and 21.93% CF. Parameters observed were the fatty acid from rumen fluid, blood and meat of sheep. Data were analyzed by complete randomized design direction patterns. Differences between treatments were tested further using Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. The results showed that treatment of R2 can increase unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen, blood and meat (P

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