scholarly journals The Burden of HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia from 1990 to 2016: Evidence from the Global Burden of Diseases 2016 Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amare Deribew ◽  
Sibhatu Biadgilign ◽  
Kebede Deribe ◽  
Tariku Dejene ◽  
Gizachew Assefa Tessema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND: The burden of HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia has not been comprehensively assessed over the last two decades. In this study, we used the 2016 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk factors (GBD) data to analyze the incidence, prevalence, mortality and Disability-adjusted Life Years Lost (DALY) rates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Ethiopia over the last 26 years.METHODS: The GBD 2016 used a wide range of data source for Ethiopia such as verbal autopsy (VA), surveys, reports of the Federal Ministry of Health and the United Nations (UN) and published scientific articles. The modified United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Spectrum model was used to estimate the incidence and mortality rates for HIV/AIDS.RESULTS: In 2016, an estimated 36,990 new HIV infections (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 8775-80262), 670,906 prevalent HIV cases (95% UI: 568,268-798,970) and 19,999 HIV deaths (95% UI:16426-24412) occurred in Ethiopia. The HIV/AIDS incidence rate peaked in 1995 and declined by 6.3% annually for both sexes with a total reduction of 77% between 1990 and 2016. The annualized HIV/AIDS mortality rate reduction during 1990 to 2016 for both sexes was 0.4%.CONCLUSIONS: Ethiopia has achieved the 50% reduction of the incidence rate of HIV/AIDS based on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) target. However, the decline in HIV/AIDS mortality rate has been comparatively slow. The country should strengthen the HIV/AIDS detection and treatment programs at community level to achieve its targets during the Sustainable Development Program (SDGs)-era. 

scholarly journals Disease burden of liver cancer in China from 1997 to 2016: an observational study based on the Global Burden of Diseases

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e025613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Ding ◽  
Xiaofang Fu ◽  
Yuqing Zhou ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liu ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Burden Of Diseases

ObjectiveTo evaluate the trends in disease burden and the epidemiological features of liver cancer in China while identifying potential strategies to lower the disease burden.DesignObservational study based on the Global Burden of Diseases.ParticipantsData were publicly available and de-identified and individuals were not involved.Measurement and methodsTo measure the liver cancer burden, we extracted data from the Global Health Data Exchange using the metrics of prevalence, incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Joinpoint and negative binomial regressions were applied to identify trends and risk factors.ResultsFrom 1997 to 2016, the prevalence, incidence, mortality and DALYs of liver cancer in China were from 28.22/100 000 to 60.04/100 000, from 27.33/100 000 to 41.40/100 000, from 27.40/100 000 to 31.49/100 000 and from 10 311 308 to 11 539 102, respectively. The prevalence, incidence and mortality were increasing, with the average annual percent changes (AAPCs) of 4.0% (95% CI 3.9% to 4.2%), 2.1% (95% CI 2.0% to 2.2%) and 0.5% (95% CI 0.2% to 0.9%), respectively. Meanwhile, the rate of DALYs was stable with the AAPCs of −0.1% (95% CI −0.4% to 0.3%). The mortality-to-incidence ratio of liver cancer decreased from 1.00 in 1997 to 0.76 in 2016 (β=−0.014, p<0.0001). Males (OR: 2.98, 95% CI 2.68 to 3.30 for prevalence, OR: 2.45, 95% CI 2.21 to 2.71 for incidence) and the elderly individuals (OR: 1.57, 95% CI 1.55 to 1.59 for prevalence, OR: 1.58, 95% CI 1.56 to 1.60 for incidence) had a higher risk. Hepatitis B accounted for the highest proportion of liver cancer cases (55.11%) and deaths (54.13%).ConclusionsThe disease burden of liver cancer continued to increase in China with viral factors as one of the leading causes. Strategies such as promoting hepatitis B vaccinations, blocking the transmission of hepatitis C and reducing alcohol consumption should be prioritised.

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of HIV/AIDS Burden in Iran: Results from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Balooch Hasankhani ◽  
Farid Zayeri ◽  
Mahboobeh Rasouli ◽  
Masoud Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Despite global efforts, HIV/AIDS is still one of the major public health problems in the entire world. In this context, assessing the burden of this disease in different parts of the world is of great importance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the trends of HIV/AIDS incidence and mortality in Iran in the period 1990- 2017.The HIV/AIDS burden data including age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and mortality rate (ASMR) was extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases 2017 study for total Iranian population and by gender from 1990 to 2017. The trend analyses was performed using joinpoint regression modeling approach. The obtained results showed that in year 2017 the HIV/AIDS ASIR and ASMR were, respectively, more than 12 and 10 times of these rates in year 1990. Also, the estimated average annual percent change (AAPC) was 9.8% and 8.7%, respectively for ASIR and ASMR. In this period of time, women have experienced sharper slope of ASIR and ASMR trends compared to Iranian men. The increasing trend of HIV/AIDS burden is a serious alarm for the Iranian health policy makers. To achieve the UNAIDS goals, there is an urgent need for an efficient national action plan which breaks the HIV/AIDS taboo in the society, promote access to HIV testing and prevention facilities especially among the key populations and provides care and treatments for all infected people.

scholarly journals Global Incidence and Mortality Patterns of Pedestrian Road Traffic Injuries by Sociodemographic Index, with Forecasting: Findings from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2017 Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moien A. B. Khan ◽  
Michal Grivna ◽  
Javaid Nauman ◽  
Elpidoforos S. Soteriades ◽  
Arif Alper Cevik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Burden Of Diseases

(1) Background: Pedestrian injuries (PIs) represent a significant proportion of road traffic injuries. Our aim was to investigate the incidence and mortality of PIs in different age groups and sociodemographic index (SDI) categories between 1990 and 2017. (2) Method: Estimates of age-standardized incidence and mortality along with trends of PIs by SDI levels were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease from 1990 to 2017. We also forecasted the trends across all the SDI categories until 2040 using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0, Chicago, IL, USA) time series expert modeler. (3) Results: Globally, the incidence of PIs increased by 3.31% (−9.94 to 16.56) in 2017 compared to 1990. Men have higher incidence of PIs than women. Forecasted incidence was 132.02 (127.37 to 136.66) per 100,000 population in 2020, 101.52 (65.99 to 137.05) in 2030, and reduced further to 71.02 (10.62 to 152.65) by 2040. Globally across all SDI categories, there was a decreasing trend in mortality due to PIs with the global estimated percentage reduction of 37.12% (−45.19 to −29.04). (4) Conclusions: The results show that PIs are still a burden for all SDI categories despite some variation. Although incidence and mortality are expected to decrease globally, some SDI categories and specific vulnerable age groups may require particular attention. Further studies addressing incidence and mortality patterns in vulnerable SDI categories are needed.

scholarly journals Global patterns and trends in the breast cancer incidence and mortality according to sociodemographic indices: an observational study based on the global burden of diseases

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e028461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaimin Hu ◽  
Peili Ding ◽  
Yinan Wu ◽  
Wei Tian ◽  
Tao Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Concentration Indices ◽  
Burden Of Diseases

ObjectivesDisparities in the global burden of breast cancer have been identified. We aimed to investigate recent patterns and trends in the breast cancer incidence and associated mortality. We also assessed breast cancer-related health inequalities according to socioeconomic development factors.DesignAn observational study based on the Global Burden of Diseases.MethodsEstimates of breast cancer incidence and mortality during 1990–2016 were obtained from the Global Health Data Exchange database. Subsequently, data obtained in 2016 were described using the age-standardised and age-specific incidence, mortality and mortality-to-incidence (MI) ratios according to sociodemographic index (SDI) levels. Trends were assessed by measuring the annual percent change using the joinpoint regression. The Gini coefficients and concentration indices were used to identify between-country inequalities.ResultsCountries with higher SDI levels had worse disease incidence burdens in 2016, whereas inequalities in the breast cancer incidence had decreased since 1990. Opposite trends were observed in the mortality rates of high and low SDI countries. Moreover, the decreasing concentration indices, some of which became negative, among women aged 15–49 and 50–69 years suggested an increase in the mortality burdens in undeveloped regions. Conversely, inequality related to the MI ratio increased. In 2016, the MI ratios exhibited distinct gradients from high to low SDI regions across all age groups.ConclusionsThe patterns and trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality closely correlated with the SDI levels. Our findings highlighted the primary prevention of breast cancer in high SDI countries with a high disease incidence and the development of cost-effective diagnostic and treatment interventions for low SDI countries with poor MI ratios as the two pressing needs in the next decades.

scholarly journals Global Incidence and Mortality Patterns and Forecast of Pedestrian Road Traffic Injuries by Socio-Demographic Index Findings from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2017 Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moien A. B. Khan ◽  
Michal Grivna ◽  
Javaid Nauman ◽  
Elpidoforos S. Soteriades ◽  
Arif Alper Cevik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Burden Of Diseases

(1) Background: Pedestrian injuries (PIs) represent a significant proportion of road traffic injuries. We aimed at investigating the incidence and mortality of PIs in different age groups and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) categories between 1990 and 2017. (2) Method: Estimates of age-standardized incidence and mortality along with trends of PIs by SDI levels were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease from 1990 to 2017. We also calculated forecasts until 2040. (3) Results: Globally, PIs incidence increased by 3.31% (&ndash;9.94 to 16.56) in 2017 compared to 1990. Men have a higher incidence of PIs than women. Forecasted incidence was 132.02 (127.37 to 136.66) per 100,000 population in 2020, 101.52 (65.99 to 137.05) in 2030 and reduced further to 71.02 (10.62 to 152.65) by 2040. Globally across all SDI categories, there was a decreasing trend in mortality due to PIs with the global estimated percentage reduction of 37.12% (&ndash;45.19 to &ndash;29.04). (4) Conclusions: The results show that PIs are still a burden for all SDI categories despite some variation. Although incidence and mortality are expected to decrease globally, some SDI categories may require particular attention in addition to specific vulnerable age groups. Further studies addressing incidence and mortality patterns in vulnerable SDI categories are needed.

scholarly journals The global burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma from 2009 to 2019: an observational study based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Yu ◽  
Xin Yin ◽  
Yiran Mao ◽  
Meiqin Chen ◽  
Qiuying Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Disease Study

Abstract Purpose The incidence and mortality rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has changed in recent years. Our goal is to determine the epidemiological pattern of NPC to help policymakers allocate limited medical resources. Methods Detailed information about NPC from 2009 to 2019 was collected from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) and corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess NPC’s incidence and mortality trends. Results Globally, there was a consistent increase in the NPC incidence cases from 2009 to 2019 (from 121.65 × 103 cases in 2009 to 176.50 × 103 cases in 2019, increasing by 45.09%). The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of NPC increased from 1.81 in 2009 to 2.12 in 2019 (EAPC = 1.59, 95% CI 1.36–1.81). On the contrary, the mortality of NPC showed a downward trend (ASDR: 0.93 in 2009 and 0.86 in 2019; EAPC = − 0.63, 95% CI − 0.78 to − 0.48), and it was negatively correlated with the social demographic index (SDI) in most regions. Both incidence and mortality rates of high-incidence territories tended to be stable or decline. Males had significantly higher incidence and mortality of NPC than females. The number of patients with onset age greater than 50 years old accounted for the highest proportion. We found that smoking, occupational exposure to formaldehyde, and alcohol use were the main risk factors for NPC-related mortality. Conclusion Globally, the incidence rate of NPC has been slightly increasing, while the mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) have been decreasing. NPC burden in high-middle and middle SDI areas was the heaviest. The current prevention strategy should be repositioned, and some countries should formulate more targeted approaches to reduce the current burden of NPC.

scholarly journals Global burden of diseases attributable to air pollution

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Soledayo Babatola
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Burden Of Diseases

Air pollution has remained a major issue of concern over the years with serious toxicological effects on human health. This paper evaluates the comparison of estimates and describes the global burden of diseases related to air pollution in the regions of WHO from 1990 to 2015. The study uses existing data from IHME on global burden of diseases (Mortality and Disability Adjusted Life Years) related to air pollution such as Trachea, Bronchus and Lung cancer, COPD, Ischemic heart disease and Stroke. This study shows that air pollution is one of the major environmental risk factors for the global burden of disease in 1990-2015 and has remained relatively stable for the past 25 years. By region, the largest burden of disease related to air pollution is found in Western Pacific and South-East Asia, reflecting the heavy industry and air pollution hotspots within the developing nations of these regions. Moreover, the rates of Disability Adjusted Life Years increased because of increase in pollution, especially in South-East Asia region, African region, and Eastern Mediterranean region where populations are both growing and ageing.

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