scholarly journals Heavy Metals Contamination of Soil in the Vicinity of Hawassa Industrial Zone, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1447-1454
Author(s):  
B. Samuel ◽  
S. Solomon ◽  
F. Daniel ◽  
G.M. Zinabu ◽  
G. Riise
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Degree Of Contamination

Industrial effluents, containing heavy metals, drain directly into downstream water sources within the Hawassa Industrial Zone. These, water  sources are used for irrigation, drinking water and other domestic purposes. The load of pollutants, environmental risks and potential human impacts are generally, unknown for soil in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the extent of heavy metal pollution of soil within the Hawassa Industrial Zone and to evaluate environmental impacts using contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cd), modified degree of contamination (mCd), ecological risk factor (Er), ecological risk index (ERI) and pollution load index (PLI) analyses. Seven heavy metals: Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb were determined in soil samples from three different sites by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Average concentration of metals decreased in the order of Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Pb>As>Cd consistent with the normal order of abundance in non-polluted soils. One way ANOVA revealed significant differences (P<0.05) in the concentrations of Cu, As, Cd and Pb among the sampling sites. Pearson’s correlation, principal component and cluster analyses revealed that heavy metals are originating from different sources. Within the industrial area,  the CF increased in the order of Pb<Cd<Zn<As<Cu<Cr<Ni. The result of Cd revealed that there was considerable to very high contamination of the soil. The mCd index showed moderate contamination of the soils. The Er increased in the order of Zn<Cr<Pb<Cu<Ni<As<Cd and the result of the ERI value revealed considerable ecological risk for the soils. Overall, the study showed that the soils within the Hawassa Industrial Zone are highly contaminated with heavy metals. Therefore, regular monitoring of heavy metals concentration in soil and policy interventions with respect to waste disposal are recommended. Keywords: Heavy metals, potential ecological risks, pollution load index, soil

scholarly journals GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SURFACE SOIL IN AL-HAWIJA, SOUTHWEST KIRKUK

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2E) ◽  
pp. 36-61
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Obeidi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources

Soil pollution adversely affects the safety and health of the human being. The main objective of the study is to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn) in surface soil in Al-Hawija, southwestern Kirkuk. Twenty-one samples were collected and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure the content of heavy metals and assess the soil pollution by using the contamination factor, degree of contamination, geoaccumulation index, pollution load index and ecological risk index (RI). The results indicate that there is high pollution by lead, chromium and copper (78.8, 87.4 and 53.8 mg/kg) respectively, in industrial areas due to anthropogenic sources with the presence of significant ecological risk (Er) of the lead (116) in site S7, due to its high concentrations, while size fraction analysis indicated that all heavy metals are concentrated in the fine parts as a result of adsorption processes by clay minerals.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of Metallic Contamination of Water and Sediments in Navigation Canal and Industrial Zone South Port Said, Egypt

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nabil, A. E. Azzaz ◽  
Mokhtar, S. Beheary ◽  
Mohamed, N. Raslan ◽  
Hazem T. Abd El Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Port Said ◽  
Mean Concentration

In the present study, water and sediment samples were collected from Navigation Canal and from Industrial Zone South Port Said to assess heavy metals contamination. It was shown that, the highest mean concentration of heavy metals in water samples was observed in summer, and the lowest mean was observed in winter. It has been made evident that the industrialization in Industrial Zone South Port Said was responsible for the present deteriorating conditions. However, it was shown that, the highest mean concentration of heavy metals in sediment samples was observed in winter, and the lowest mean was observed in summer. Pollution status was evaluated using some indices: geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk index (RI). Based on Igeo, all metal values were unpolluted. On the basis of the values of CF, sediments are high in winter and low in summer. Metals concentrations were in the following order: Ni > Fe > Mn > Pb > Cu > Zn > Co > Cd. According to CF classification, Ni contamination was considerable. RI of winter season can be classified as moderate pollution. No pollution was classified for PLI in all seasons. The decrease in PLI and RI values were indicated dilution and dispersion of metal content with increasing distance from source areas. It is suggested that PLI can give an indication about the trend spatially and temporarily. In addition, it also provides significant data and advice to the policy and decision makers on the contamination degree of the area.

scholarly journals Assessment of heavy metals with ecological risk of soils in the industrial vicinity of Tangail district, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Proshad ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Tapos Kormoker
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
The Mean

This study was conducted to assess the ecological risk of heavy metals in soils collected from the industrial vicinity of Tangail district in Bangladesh. In this study, the levels of six heavy metals namely chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in 15 sampling sites around the industrial vicinity of Tangail district in Bangladesh were assessed. The mean concentration of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb in studied soils were 11.56, 23.92, 37.27, 6.11, 2.01, and 17.46 mg/kg, respectively. Certain indices, including the enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (Cif), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), toxic unit analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to assess the ecological risk. The enrichment factor of all the studied metals for all sampling sites were in the descending order of Cd > Cu > As > Pb >Ni > Cr. The contamination factor values revealed that the studied soils were highly impacted by Cd. The pollution load index (PLI) values of Cd were higher than 1, indicating the progressive deterioration of soil due to Cd contamination. In the context of potential ecological risk (PER), soils from all sampling sites showed moderate to very high potential ecological risk.

Monitoring and assessing heavy metals in topsoils as potential diffuse pollutants in the Pyeongchang River Basin, Korea

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3156-3161 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Kabir ◽  
H. Lee ◽  
G. Kim ◽  
T. Jun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Ecological Risk Index

Topsoils, mainly from crop fields, orchards, forests, and barns around the Pyeongchang River, were collected to investigate their heavy metal concentrations. Pollution load index, ecological risk index, and enrichment factor were applied to assess levels of heavy metal contamination for topsoils. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd) (1.7 mg/kg) and chromium (Cr) (4.1 mg/kg) exceeded the troublesome level in one site, whereas zinc (Zn) (396.7 to 711.1 mg/kg) and nickel (Ni) (40.1 to 95.3 mg/kg) in several topsoils exceeded the troublesome to countermeasure levels, according to soil contamination standards for the study areas. A significant risk of contamination was observed for mercury (Hg) by all indices, although the concentration in most of the topsoils was below the guideline. As expected, a positive linear correlation was observed for the values of pollution load index and ecological risk index, demonstrating lower heavy metal contamination in upstream areas compared to those downstream. High to extremely high ecological risk was observed in several samples for Zn and Ni, while all of the soils were unpolluted to slightly polluted, according to the pollution load index. A baseline study was not performed earlier for these sites, so these assessed values of heavy metals should be used as reference values for further assessment.

scholarly journals Estimation of Risk to the Eco-Environment and Human Health of Using Heavy Metals in the Uttarakhand Himalaya, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Marina Cabral-Pinto ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Munesh Kumar ◽  
Pedro A. Dinis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Modern Era

In the modern era, due to the rapid increase in urbanization and industrialization in the vicinity of the Himalayas, heavy metals contamination in soil has become a key priority for researchers working globally; however, evaluation of the human and ecological risks mainly in hilly areas remains limited. In this study, we analyzed indices like the contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (DC), enrichment factor (EF), geochemical index (Igeo), pollution ecological risk index (PERI), and pollution load index (PLI), along with cancer risk (CR) and hazard indices (HI), to ascertain the eco-environmental and human risks of using heavy metals in datasets collected from 168 sampling locations in Uttarakhand, India. The evaluation calculated of Igeo, EF, and CF suggests that represented soil samples were moderately contaminated and highly augmented with Rb, while PERI (75.56) advocates a low ecological risk. Further, PLI and DC (PLI: 1.26; DC: 36.66) show a possible health risk for the native population in the vicinity of the studied catchment. The hazard index (HI) is estimated greater than 1 (HI > 1) for Cr and Mn, representing a possible risk for cancer. However, adults are free from cancer risk, and other studied elements have been reported as noncarcinogenic. This assessment gives important information to policymakers, environmentalists, and foresters for taking mitigation measures in advance to mitigate the potential future risk of soil pollution on humans, ecology, and the environment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ecological risk, source and spatial distribution of some heavy metals in marine sediments in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea region, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylin Apaydın ◽  
Hatice Kabaoğlu ◽  
Gökhan Apaydın ◽  
Murat Şirin ◽  
Erhan Cengiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Mean

Abstract In the present study, the concentration levels of heavy metals such as Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb in sediment samples collected from 16 sampling locations in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea regions, Turkey was measured using energy dispersive X–ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF). Various pollution parameters and methods, such as the enrichment factor (EF), geo–accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), ecological risk index (RI), and geo–spatial distribution patterns were used to assess in detail the pollution status, ecological risks and sources of metals in sediment. The mean concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb were found to be 565.38, 46,000, 34.38, 104.06, 109.88, 87.31, and 32.31 mg/kg, respectively. Results showed that the mean concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb exceeded the crustal shale value, with the exception of Mn, Fe, Ni and Cr. According to the calculated pollution parameters, although minimal or moderate pollution was detected in the area investigated, it was determined that there was a very low ecological risk. Multivariate statistical analysis results showed that Cu, Zn, and Pb levels in the investigated region were slightly influenced by anthropogenic inputs such as mining and agricultural practices. In addition, the geo–spatial distributions of Cu, Zn, Fe and Pb were found to be higher in this region due to the mining activities carried out in the Eastern Black Sea region.

scholarly journals Comparing Levels of Some Heavy Metals in Rivers and Sediments from Two South-Western States of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ogunti mehin ◽  
◽  
Apata o ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Metal Analysis ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Standard Procedures

Ten water and ten sediment samples from both Igbokoda and Apapa in South west, Nigeria were collected between March and August, 2018 for heavy metal analysis. The study aimed at using Potential Ecological Risk (PER) index to characterize rivers sediments and waters for possible environmental impact. The sampling span industrial, domestic and recreational areas. The water and sediment grab samples were treated using standard procedures. The filtrate from sediment was made up to 50 cm3 mark with distilled water and used for seven heavy metals determination using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Contamination factor (CF) and Pollution load index (PLI) calculated for each metal in the sediments indicate moderate contaminations. However, Cd in exception showed the highest potential ecological risk factor of 42.3 in Igbokoda. PER value of the Igbokoda sediment is 45.37 while that of Apapa sediment is 6.79. The potential risk pose by Cd alone in the sediment suggests that the Igbokoda water is unsafe for recreational and other beach activities. The recommendation from the study will suggest a proper treatment of wastewater and sewages before fluxing into both the Igbokoda and Apapa water bodies

scholarly journals Tortum Gölü Yüzey Sedimentlerindeki Metal Birikiminin Ekolojik İndeksler Yolu ile Kapsamlı Risk Değerlendirmesi

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Kürker
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Lake Catchment

In this study, ecological risks arising from the accumulation of some heavy metals in surface sediments of Lake Tortum are discussed based on the use of ecological indices, such as enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (PER) and the mean probable effect concentration quotient (mPEC-Q). Sediment samples were collected from six different sites using Van Veen grab and heavy metal and organic carbon content of sediments were determined. Results testify to the existence of minimal to moderate contamination in lake sediment. The highest value for the enrichment factor pertains to Cd caused by the use of fossil fuels in settlement areas in the lake catchment. PLI and PER estimations, on the other hand, reveals the presence of low heavy metals-induced ecological risk in lake sediments. Ranging between 15% and 29%, mPEC-Q values are indicative of the fact that Lake Tortum is a low-moderate priority site in terms of toxicity level caused by heavy metals.

scholarly journals Ecological risk assessment of trace metals in the bottom sediments of the young water reservoir – Bardowskiego Lagoon (Warsaw) case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malwina Tytła ◽  
Anna Dmochowska ◽  
Dariusz Dmochowski ◽  
Kinga Jaworska
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load

The aim of the study was to assess the ecological risk of five trace metals, i.e. Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, accumulated in bottom sediments of young water reservoir – Bardowskiego Lagoon located in Warsaw, Poland. In this case, several indices were used, i.e. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo), Contamination factor (CF), Potential ecological risk factor (ER), Degree of contamination (DC), Pollution load index (PLI) and Risk index (RI). The average trace metals concentrations in sediments, were as follow: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Ni. The obtained results revealed that bottom sediments were very highly to extremely high contaminated by Cd and the ecological risk related with this pollutant was the largest. They also indicated that water from the study area was characterized by a low ecological quality, especially due to the content of Cd and Pb. The research proves that problem of cadmium contamination in bottom sediments of young water reservoirs is real and poses a serious ecological risk.

scholarly journals Heavy metals in soils and forage grasses irrigated with Vieira River water, Montes Claros, Brazil, contaminated with sewage wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Matheus Mendes Reis ◽  
Leonardo David Tuffi Santos ◽  
Ariovaldo José da Silva ◽  
Gevany Paulino de Pinho ◽  
Leonardo Michel Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Water ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Forage Grasses

 There is great concern with soil and plant contamination by heavy metals due to the use of polluted water in agricultural irrigation. In this study, areas irrigated with Vieira River water were evaluated as to contamination by As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. The Vieira River receives effluent from Montes Claros city, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. To do so, two irrigated areas were selected, one upstream and one downstream of the Montes Claros city. Wastewater discharge increased the concentration of As and Ni in the water of Vieira River, and consequently, of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil and of As and Zn in forage grasses. However, the content of heavy metals in the soil did not exceed the internationally recommended limits. Pollution load index (PLI) and contamination factor (CF) indicated the existence of pollution and moderate contamination in downstream soils of the city of Montes Claros. Potential ecological risk index (RI) and ecological risk factor (Er) indicated a low ecological risk, but these indicators were higher in downstream soils of Montes Claros. Arsenic (As) was the only heavy metal that featured a transfer factor (TF) higher than the widespread values found in literature and positive geoaccumulation index (Igeo), indicative of anthropogenic pollution.

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