scholarly journals Epidemiology of Kaposi’s sarcoma in Zambia, 2007 - 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Maybin Kalubula
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
P Value ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
High Prevalence

BackgroundKaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is the most prevalent HIV and AIDS-associated cancer in the world. Zambia has been considered as part of the “KS belt”, where endemic KS has been prevalent. This study, therefore, aimed to present the descriptive epidemiology of Kaposi’s sarcoma in Zambia from 2007 – 2014.MethodsWe conducted the descriptive epidemiology of Kaposi’s sarcoma in Zambia nested on two data sources; the Zambia National Cancer Registry (ZNCR) Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) data, and population-based HIV data from the Zambia National AIDS Council (NAC). Central Statistics Office (CSO) demographic data were used to determine the prevalence and annual incidence of KS. KS sample was 2521while HIV data from NAC were already population-based (HIV impact assessment survey). We used Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 21 in graphical computation and statistical analyses.ResultsBoth HIV and KS were highly prevalent in Lusaka, Central, and Southern provinces. ART coverage ranged from 40% - 60%; HIV prevalence was 14.9% in females and 9.5% in males while KS prevalence was 13/100,000 in females and 21/100,000 in males. HIV prevalence was associated with KS prevalence with r = 0.827 and a p-value of 0.001 in males, and r = 0.898 with a p-value of 0.000 in females. There were 61% confirmed HIV seropositive KS, 18% confirmed HIV seronegative KS and 21% unknown HIV status KS.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of KS in Zambia is as a result of the high prevalence of HIV. The identified two key interventions for the reduction of KS morbidity are; reducing HIV infection rate and improving ART coverage across the country.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Cancers in Zambia: A significant variation in Cancer incidence and prevalence across the nation

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-195
Author(s):  
Maybin Kalubula ◽  
Heqing Shen ◽  
Mpundu Makasa ◽  
Longjian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sexual Culture ◽  
Age Adjusted Rates

BackgroundCancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. More than two-thirds of deaths due to cancers occur in low- and middle-income countries where Zambia belongs. This study, therefore, sought to assess the epidemiology of various types of cancers in Zambia.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study using the Zambia National Cancer Registry (ZNCR) population based data from 2007 to 2014. Zambia Central Statistics Office (CSO) demographic data were used to determine catchment area denominator used to calculate prevalence and incidence rates of cancers. Age-adjusted rates and case fatality rates were estimated using standard methods. We used a Poisson Approximation for calculating 95% confidence intervals (CI). ResultsThe seven most cancer prevalent districts in Zambia were Luangwa, Kabwe, Lusaka, Monze, Mongu, Katete and Chipata. Cervical cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer and Kaposi’s sarcoma were the four most prevalent cancers as well as major causes of cancer related deaths in Zambia. Age adjusted rates and 95% CI for these cancers were: cervix uteri (186.3; CI = 181.77 – 190.83), prostate (60.03; CI = 57.03 – 63.03), breast (38.08; CI = 36.0 – 40.16) and Kaposi’s sarcoma (26.18; CI = 25.14 – 27.22). CFR were: Leukaemia (38.1%); pancreatic cancer (36.3%); lung cancer (33.3%); and brain, nervous system (30.2%). The cancer population was associated with HIV with p- value of 0.000 and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.818.ConclusionsThe widespread distribution of cancers with high prevalence observed in the southern zone may have been perpetrated by lifestyle and sexual culture (traditional male circumcision known to prevent STIs is practiced in the northern belt) as well as geography. Intensifying cancer screening and early detection countrywide as well as changing the lifestyle and sexual culture would greatly help in the reduction of cancer cases in Zambia.

scholarly journals Study of Lipid Profile in Metabolic Syndrome Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Pinky Karam ◽  
B. Shanthi ◽  
Kalai Selvi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities ◽  
Very High

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a group of metabolic abnormalities in which the chance of developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease are high. Aim: It aims at studying the lipid abnormalities in metabolic syndrome patients. Methods: Total of 100 metabolic syndrome patients were selected for study over a period of 1year. These patients were selected based on the criteria for metabolic syndrome as established by National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). Demographic data were taken and biochemical parameters were estimated by standard guideline. Results: Total cholesterol is significantly higher in very high risk (272.1 ± 8.591) compared to high risk (241.2 ± 3.901) and moderate risk (231.5 ± 4.498). TGL is significantly higher in very high risk (263.9 ± 13.70) compared to high risk (202.1 ± 6.531) and moderate risk (183.7 ± 7.650). HDL is almost same in very high risk (43.09 ± 1.533), high risk (40.44 ± 0.996) and moderate risk (42.53 ± 1.088). LDL is significantly higher in very high risk (177.9 ± 4.255) and high risk (169.4 ± 3.190) compared to moderate risk (155.7 ± 3.098). VLDL is significantly higher in very high risk (52.78 ± 2.739) compared to high risk (40.43 ± 1.306) and moderate risk (36.73 ± 1.530). CHO: HDL is significantly higher in very high risk (6.648 ± 0.366) compared to moderate risk (5.560 ± 0.207). High risk (6.060 ± 0.156) is not significantly different from very high risk and moderate risk. Thus, TC, TGL, LDL, VLDL, and CHO: HDL is significant as p value < 0.05 while HDL did not have any significance as p value > 0.05. Conclusion: In this study, high prevalence of dyslipidaemia is seen. So, timely diagnosis and treatment will help in detecting dyslipidaemia patients in future.

AIDS in Film and Television

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylo-Patrick R. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Large Numbers

Representations of AIDS in film and television have differed throughout the world. Accordingly, this article focuses primarily on such representations in North America, with a particular emphasis on US media offerings and occasional references to related examples from other English-speaking countries. In the early 1980s, what eventually became known as AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) was initially labeled GRID (gay-related immune deficiency). As a result, the earliest representations of AIDS in television news programs focused almost exclusively on gay men, and shortly thereafter intravenous drug users, as “guilty villains” in the emergent AIDS crisis, with a visual emphasis on emaciated individuals covered with Kaposi’s sarcoma lesions. By 1985, independent films and documentaries pertaining to AIDS started to emerge, along with the NBC network’s first made-for-television movie about AIDS, An Early Frost. In 1987, AIDS began entering the plots of various prime-time television series. Most of these offerings continued to perpetuate understandings of AIDS as a gay disease, even into the early 1990s. As the decade of the 1980s gave way to the 1990s, the phenomenon of AIDS was increasingly being regarded as two distinct yet interrelated epidemics: HIV and AIDS. Some film and television offerings began shifting their focus away from gay men and intravenous drug users with AIDS toward children with AIDS and healthy individuals with “at-risk bodies” that required ongoing protection. In 1993, Hollywood’s first all-star movie about AIDS, Philadelphia, flipped the script by foregrounding Kaposi’s sarcoma lesions to generate substantial compassion, rather than cultural contempt, for a gay man with AIDS. The film’s contents, viewed by a wider general public than preceding works, effectively challenged AIDS discrimination. During the first half of the 1990s, a small number of noteworthy AIDS metaphor movies were made and released, and self-representation in AIDS documentaries became more common. In large part due to the availability of lifesaving antiretrovirals, which resulted in a cultural shift from large numbers of individuals dying from AIDS to large numbers living with HIV, representations of HIV/AIDS in film and television decreased substantially during the second half of the 1990s and throughout the first decade of the new millennium. Since then, there has been a growing representational interest in exploring the early history of AIDS, in offerings such as How to Survive a Plague (2012), Dallas Buyers Club (2013), and The Normal Heart (2014).

Unusually high prevalence of classical Kaposi's sarcoma in Druze Muslims of Northern Israel

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. e80-e81
Author(s):  
M. Schaffer ◽  
R. Kassem ◽  
I. Ben Shlomo ◽  
A. Livoff ◽  
N. Asna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
High Prevalence

High-incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in Miyako Island can be contributed by both high prevalence of HHV8 and male specific susceptibility gene

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. e118
Author(s):  
Ryoko Awazawa ◽  
Harutaka Katano ◽  
Daisuke Utsumi ◽  
Kentaro Hayashi ◽  
Hiroshi Uezato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Specific Susceptibility

scholarly journals An Investigation of Hypertension Risk Factors among Adults in Oshikoto Region in Namibia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Emilia Shiwa Ashipala ◽  
Linda Ndeshipandula Lukolo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Harmful Use

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension complications are responsible for 9.4 million deaths worldwide and among these deaths, 51 % are due to stroke and 45% are due to heart disease like heart failure. This study aims to investigate the hypertension risk factors among adult in Oshikoto region, Namibia. METHODS: A community population-based, cross- sectional survey was conducted using WHO STEPwise approach among 375 adults in Oshikoto region. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to determine the association between risk factors and Hypertension, based on p-value &lt;0.05. RESULTS: Overall prevalence for risk factors was: physical inactivity (25.3%), unhealthy diet (75.7%), tobacco use (9.1%), harmful use of alcohol (40.8%). 20.5% overweight with majority (85.7%) of them were females. Obesity was 9.1% in which 91.2% were females. Hypertension prevalence was 24.3%. Four percent of individuals were having two multiple risk factors for hypertension, 2.4% with four risk factors and 1.1% with more than four risk factors. Age group (OR=2.48, 95%CI=1.44-4.26, P=0.001), Obesity (OR=3.48, 95%CI=1.55-7.79, P=0.003), and overweight (OR=2.34, 95%CI=1.31-4.19, P =0.004) were significant risk factors for hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a high prevalence and burden of hypertension risk factors such as obesity and overweight among adults in Oshikoto region, thus, these results highlight the need for interventions to reduce and prevent those risk factors of hypertension in Oshikoto region, Namibia.

Kaposi's sarcoma: a population-based cancer registry descriptive study of 57 consecutive cases diagnosed between 1977 and 2009

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. e549-e554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Laresche ◽  
Evelyne Fournier ◽  
Anne Sophie Dupond ◽  
Anne Sophie Woronoff ◽  
Christine Drobacheff-Thiebaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Population Based

scholarly journals Mathematical Modeling of the HIV/Kaposi’s Sarcoma Coinfection Dynamics in Areas of High HIV Prevalence

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lungu ◽  
T. J. Massaro ◽  
E. Ndelwa ◽  
N. Ainea ◽  
S. Chibaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Deterministic System ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Disease Eradication ◽  
Disease Free

We formulate a deterministic system of ordinary differential equations to quantify HAART treatment levels for patients co-infected with HIV and Kaposi's Sarcoma in a high HIV prevalence setting. A qualitative stability analysis of the equilibrium states is carried out and we find that the disease-free equilibrium is globally attracting whenever the reproductive numberℛk<1. A unique endemic equilibrium exists and is locally stable wheneverℛk>1. Therefore, reducingℛkto below unity should be the goal for disease eradication. Provision of HAART is shown to provide dual benefit of reducing HIV spread and the risk of acquiring another fatal disease for HIV/AIDS patients. By providing treatment to 10% of the HIV population, about 87% of the AIDS population acquire protection against coinfection with HIV and Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS). Most sub-Sahara African countries already have programmes in place to screen HIV. Our recommendation is that these programmes should be expanded to include testing for HHV-8 and KS counseling.

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