scholarly journals Epidemiology of Cancers in Zambia: A significant variation in Cancer incidence and prevalence across the nation

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-195
Author(s):  
Maybin Kalubula ◽  
Heqing Shen ◽  
Mpundu Makasa ◽  
Longjian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sexual Culture ◽  
Age Adjusted Rates

BackgroundCancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. More than two-thirds of deaths due to cancers occur in low- and middle-income countries where Zambia belongs. This study, therefore, sought to assess the epidemiology of various types of cancers in Zambia.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study using the Zambia National Cancer Registry (ZNCR) population based data from 2007 to 2014. Zambia Central Statistics Office (CSO) demographic data were used to determine catchment area denominator used to calculate prevalence and incidence rates of cancers. Age-adjusted rates and case fatality rates were estimated using standard methods. We used a Poisson Approximation for calculating 95% confidence intervals (CI). ResultsThe seven most cancer prevalent districts in Zambia were Luangwa, Kabwe, Lusaka, Monze, Mongu, Katete and Chipata. Cervical cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer and Kaposi’s sarcoma were the four most prevalent cancers as well as major causes of cancer related deaths in Zambia. Age adjusted rates and 95% CI for these cancers were: cervix uteri (186.3; CI = 181.77 – 190.83), prostate (60.03; CI = 57.03 – 63.03), breast (38.08; CI = 36.0 – 40.16) and Kaposi’s sarcoma (26.18; CI = 25.14 – 27.22). CFR were: Leukaemia (38.1%); pancreatic cancer (36.3%); lung cancer (33.3%); and brain, nervous system (30.2%). The cancer population was associated with HIV with p- value of 0.000 and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.818.ConclusionsThe widespread distribution of cancers with high prevalence observed in the southern zone may have been perpetrated by lifestyle and sexual culture (traditional male circumcision known to prevent STIs is practiced in the northern belt) as well as geography. Intensifying cancer screening and early detection countrywide as well as changing the lifestyle and sexual culture would greatly help in the reduction of cancer cases in Zambia.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Cancers in Zambia: A Significant Variation in Cancer Incidence and Prevalence across the Nation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maybin Kalubula ◽  
Heqing Shen ◽  
Mpundu Makasa ◽  
Longjian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Poisson Approximation ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Sexual Culture ◽  
Cancer Breast

ABSTRACTBackgroundCancers are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. More than two thirds of deaths due to cancers occur in low- and middle-income countries whereZambia belongs. This study therefore sought to assess the epidemiology of cancers in Zambia.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study nested on Zambia National Cancer Registry (ZNCR) histopathological and clinical data from 2007 to 2014. Zambia Central Statistics Office (CSO)demographic datawere used to calculate prevalence and incidence rates of cancers. Age-adjusted rates and case fatality rates were estimated using standard methods. We used a Poisson Approximation for calculating 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe top seven most cancer prevalent districts in Zambia have been Luangwa, Kabwe, Lusaka, Monze, Mongu, Katete and Chipata. Cervical cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer and Kaposi’s sarcoma were the top four most prevalent cancers as well as major causes of cancer related deaths in Zambia. Standardised Incidence Rates and 95% CI for the top four cancers were: cervix uteri (186.3; CI = 181.77 – 190.83), prostate (60.03; CI = 57.03 – 63.03), breast (38.08; CI = 36.0 – 40.16) and Kaposi’s sarcoma (26.18; CI = 25.14 – 27.22).CFR were: Leukaemia (38.1%); pancreatic cancer (36.3%); lung cancer (33.3%); and brain, nervous system (30.2%). Cancers were associated with HIV with p-value of 0.000 and Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.818.ConclusionsThe widespread distribution of cancers with high prevalence in the southern zone has been perpetrated by lifestyle and sexual culture as well as geography. Intensifying cancer screening and early detection countrywide as well as changing the lifestyle and sexual culture would greatly help in the reduction of cancer cases in Zambia.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Kaposi’s sarcoma in Zambia, 2007 - 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Maybin Kalubula
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
P Value ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
High Prevalence

BackgroundKaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is the most prevalent HIV and AIDS-associated cancer in the world. Zambia has been considered as part of the “KS belt”, where endemic KS has been prevalent. This study, therefore, aimed to present the descriptive epidemiology of Kaposi’s sarcoma in Zambia from 2007 – 2014.MethodsWe conducted the descriptive epidemiology of Kaposi’s sarcoma in Zambia nested on two data sources; the Zambia National Cancer Registry (ZNCR) Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) data, and population-based HIV data from the Zambia National AIDS Council (NAC). Central Statistics Office (CSO) demographic data were used to determine the prevalence and annual incidence of KS. KS sample was 2521while HIV data from NAC were already population-based (HIV impact assessment survey). We used Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 21 in graphical computation and statistical analyses.ResultsBoth HIV and KS were highly prevalent in Lusaka, Central, and Southern provinces. ART coverage ranged from 40% - 60%; HIV prevalence was 14.9% in females and 9.5% in males while KS prevalence was 13/100,000 in females and 21/100,000 in males. HIV prevalence was associated with KS prevalence with r = 0.827 and a p-value of 0.001 in males, and r = 0.898 with a p-value of 0.000 in females. There were 61% confirmed HIV seropositive KS, 18% confirmed HIV seronegative KS and 21% unknown HIV status KS.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of KS in Zambia is as a result of the high prevalence of HIV. The identified two key interventions for the reduction of KS morbidity are; reducing HIV infection rate and improving ART coverage across the country.

scholarly journals Cancer incidence trend in northern tunisia: 1994-2009

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Dhaouadi ◽  
A Cherif ◽  
M Osman ◽  
M Hsairi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Northern Tunisia ◽  
Incidence Trend ◽  
North East

Abstract Background Cancer is a major public health problem in Tunisia. The objectives of this study were to describe the epidemiological pattern of cancer for all and main cancer sites in Northern Tunisia during the period 2007-2009 and to analyze it’s incidence trend between 1994 and 2009. Methods Cancer registry of Northern Tunisia was the source of data for the identification of patients for this study. This registry notify, since 1994, all cases of malignant tumor in people living in the District of Tunis, Nabeul, Zaghouan, Bizerte (North East) Beja, Jendouba, Kef and Siliana (North West). Cases were codified using the third version of International Classification of Diseases for Oncology. Demographic data were provided by the National Statistical Institute. Incidence trend analysis was achieved by using JoinPoint Software. Results During the period 2007-2009, the age-standardised incidence rate of all sites combined was 149.2/100 000 person-years and 112.3/100 000 person-years respectively among males and females. The sex ratio was 1.26. The mean age at diagnosis was 58.28±16.77 years. The most common sites for males were: lung, bladder, prostate and colorectal; while for females, they were breast, colorectal, thyroid and cervix uteri. Local stage at diagnosis was observed in 37.7% of cases. The highest incidence rates were observed in the District of Tunis and in the governorates of North East. The trend incidence cancer of all sites combined during the period from 1994 to 2009 was significantly risen except for stomach cancer among males and cervix uteri among females with annual percent changes of -2.5% and of -4.1% respectively. Conclusions Despite the existence of a national cancer strategy in Tunisia, many barriers affect the implementation of interventions; while the trend cancer incidence continues to rise particularly in males. Strengthening prevention strategy of this scourge is strongly recommended. Key messages Cancer is a major public health in world and in Tunisia. Prevention must be applied to reduce the incidence of cancer.

Increasing incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in black South Africans in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (1983–2006)

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 553-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mosam ◽  
H Carrara ◽  
F Shaik ◽  
T Uldrick ◽  
A Berkman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Black South Africans

The aim of the study was to describe the temporal trends in the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in black South Africans in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). The study was designed as a retrospective record review. The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma was estimated using administrative records for patients receiving care for KS through public sector oncology clinics in KZN, 1983–2006. Annual age-standardized incidence rates were calculated using provincial census data for the denominator. Age-specific rates were calculated for the pre-AIDS (1983–1989) and for the generalized AIDS epidemic eras (2006). Age-standardized incidence of KS increased in KZN from <1:100,000 in 1990 to at least 15:100,000 in 2006; this increase was observed in both men and women. There was a shift in the peak age-specific incidence rates from the sixth decade of life in the pre-AIDS era to the fourth and fifth decades in the AIDS era. In conclusion, KS is a growing public health problem in KZN, South Africa. These data reinforce the need for comprehensive national access to and roll-out of antiretroviral drugs, given their success in prevention and treatment of KS in first-world settings.

scholarly journals Incidence rates of classical Kaposi's sarcoma and multiple myeloma do not correlate

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Hjalgrim ◽  
M Frisch ◽  
M Melbye
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Incidence Rates

scholarly journals Epidemiological surveillance of the HIV/AIDS complex through the analysis of trends in the incidence of Kaposi’s sarcoma in Cali, Colombia

2013 ◽  
pp. 273-280
Author(s):  
Alejandra Saldarriaga-Cantillo ◽  
Oscar Londoño ◽  
Luz Stella García ◽  
Paola Collazos ◽  
Luis Eduardo Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: The Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) incidence has markedly changed in the general population since the onset of the AIDS epidemic in the eighties and after the introduction of the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in the nine­ties. Objective: To investigate incidence rate trends for Kaposi’s sarcoma before and during the (HIV/AIDS) epidemic in Cali, Colombia. Methods: Exploratory ecological study that included all Kaposi’s sarcoma cases identified by the Cali Cancer Registry from 1962-2007, and 12,887 cases of HIV/AIDS recorded in the Municipal Health Secretariat of Cali between 1986 and 2010. The joinpoint regression model was used to conduct the incidence rate analyses between the years 1962 and 2010. Results: A total of 349 KS cases were identified during the study period. Only 5.3% of the cases (n=20) were diagnosed in the pre-epidemic era (1963-1987), of these, 35.0% were women, and 90.0% of the tumors were located on the skin. In contrast, 94.7% of KS cases (n=329) were discovered after the emergence of HIV-AIDS. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of women (10.9%, p <0.001) and an increase in the frequency of tumors with an extra-cutaneous location (19.1%, p <0.01) com­pared to those cases diagnosed in the pre-epidemic era. Notification rates of HIV/AIDS have decreased since 2002 in both genders but KS incidence rates have decreased since 2004 in men only. Conclusion: The downward trend in the incidence of these diseases may be associated with factors that prevent the trans­mission of HIV infection or limit the spread of HIV in the community. Cancer registries represent a resource for timely, population-based surveil-lance of HIV-associated malignancies in Cali, Colombia.

scholarly journals Spatial pattern of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: an ecological study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e047566
Author(s):  
Jahirul Islam ◽  
Xiya Guo ◽  
Md Ahasan Ali ◽  
Md Ashraful Islam ◽  
Xin Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
P Value ◽  
Population Rate

ObjectiveTo analyse the spatial clustering of COVID-19 case fatality risks in the districts of Bangladesh and to explore the association of sociodemographic indicators with these risks.Study designEcological study.Study settingSecondary data were collected for a total of 64 districts of Bangladesh.MethodsThe data for district-wise COVID-19 cases were collected from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh from March 2020 to June 2020. Socioeconomic and demographic data were collected from National Census Data, 2011. Retrospective spatial analysis was conducted based on district-wise COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh. Global Moran’s I was adopted to find out the significance of the clusters. Furthermore, generalised linear model was conducted to find out the association of COVID-19 cases with sociodemographic variables.ResultsTotal 87 054 COVID-19 cases were included in this study. The epidemic hotspots were distributed in the 11 most populous cities. The most likely clusters are primarily situated in the central, south-eastern and north-western regions of the country. High-risk clusters were found in Dhaka (Relative Risk (RR): 5.22), Narayanganj (RR: 2.70), Chittagong (RR: 1.69), Munshiganj (RR: 2.31) Cox’s Bazar (RR: 1.63), Faridpur (RR: 1.65), Gazipur (RR: 1.33), Bogra (RR: 1.35), Khulna (RR: 1.22), Barishal (RR: 1.07) and Noakhali (RR: 1.06). Weekly progression of COVID-19 cases showed spatially clustered by Moran’s I statistics (p value ranging from 0.013 to 0.436). After fitting a Poisson linear model, we found a positive association of COVID-19 with floating population rate (RR=1.542, 95% CI 1.520 to 1.564), and urban population rate (RR=1.027, 95% CI 1.026 to 1.028).ConclusionThis study found the high-risk cluster areas in Bangladesh and analysed the basic epidemiological issues; further study is needed to find out the common risk behaviour of the patients and other relative issues that involve the spreading of this infectious disease.

Epidemiology of Classic Kaposi's Sarcoma, with Special Reference to Mediterranean Population

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Franceschi ◽  
Marco Geddes
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Shed Light

An excess of classic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in individuals of southern European ancestry has long been suspected and recently quantified in terms of age-standardized rates. In Italy and most notably in southern Italy for the period 1976-84, prior to the AIDS epidemic, KS incidence rates were two-to-three-fold higher than in the United States and Sweden and many ten-fold higher than in England and Wales and Australia. A high frequency of classic KS has also been documented in Israel and, in low-risk countries, in individuals born in southern Europe and the Middle East. Many infections have been suspected to play a role in the etiology of KS, including cytomegalovirus, malaria and, most recently, a new virus of the herpes family, identified in AIDS-associated and classic KS. The present review deals with epidemiologic data concerning KS in the Mediterranean and stresses the opportunity to combine the study of KS in AIDS as well as non-AIDS patients in order to shed light on this no longer rare disease.

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