scholarly journals Childhood acute lower respiratory tract infections in Northern Nigeria: At risk factors

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-193
Author(s):  
PA Ahmed ◽  
KK Yusuf ◽  
A Dawodu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Childhood Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (ALRTI) remains an important public health problem in the developing world, with significant morbidity and mortality a challenge. An understanding of risk factors in the development of childhood ALRTI may offer clues to prevention of the disease; identify conditions that lead to progression to severe disease, complications and even death in a child receiving treatment.Aim: to determine risk factors for ALRTI among Under five children hospitalized.Methods: A prospective study of children aged 2-60 months admitted into hospital with diagnosis of pneumonia and bronchiolitis from November 2011 to September 2012 at the National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. With a questionnaire data on socio- demographic and potential risk factors for ALRTI were obtained.Results: A total of 50 children aged 2-60 months were enrolled, 92.0 % had pneumonia while 8.0% had bronchiolitis. 86.0% of pneumonia subjects were 24months and below, while all those with bronchiolitis were infants. 43(86.0%) of subjects were hospitalized in the rainy season. The weights for height z score was less than minus 2 in 12 (24.0 %) of the subjects. Significant risk factor for ALRTI was the use of kerosene and solid fuel for domestic cooking, 33 (66.0%), p value 0.0001; Mortality was four percent among the infants. We conclude that younger age under 24 months and exposure to hydrocarbon and biomass from indoor pollution was contributing risk factors for ALRTI in Under five children.Key words: Acute lower respiratory tract infection, risk factors, hospitalization, under-five.

scholarly journals Factors influencing lower respiratory tract infection in older patients after general anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052110432
Author(s):  
Tingting Chen ◽  
Yali Yasen ◽  
Jianjiang Wu ◽  
Hu Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective Pulmonary complication is common in older patients after surgery. We analyzed risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection after general anesthesia among older patients. Methods In this retrospective investigation, we included older patients who underwent surgery with general anesthesia. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection. Results A total 418 postoperative patients with general anesthesia were included; the incidence of lower respiratory tract infection was 9.33%. Ten cases were caused by gram-positive bacteria, 26 cases by gram-negative bacteria, and 2 cases by fungus. We found significant differences in age, smoking, diabetes, oral/nasal tracheal intubation, and surgery duration. Logistic regression analysis indicated that age ≥70 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.028, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.115–3.646), smoking (OR 2.314, 95% CI 1.073–4.229), diabetes (OR 2.185, 95% CI 1.166–4.435), nasotracheal intubation (OR 3.528, 95% CI 1.104–5.074), and duration of surgery ≥180 minutes (OR 1.334, 95% CI 1.015–1.923) were independent risk factors of lower respiratory tract infections. Conclusions Older patients undergoing general anesthesia after tracheal intubation have a high risk of lower respiratory tract infections. Clinical interventions should be provided to prevent pulmonary infections in patients with relevant risk factors.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS FOR MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN CHILDREN AGED 6 MONTH- 5 YEARS PRESENTING WITH LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION TO A REFERRAL HOSPITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Kumar ◽  
Bhupendra Narain ◽  
A.K. Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Acute lower respiratory tract infection in children is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. A simple clinical score predicting the probability of death and poor outcome in a young child with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) could aid clinicians in case management and provide a standardized severity measure during epidemiologic studies. Therefore, our study was aimed to assess the usefulness of one such scoring model, the RISC score, in an urban setting in eastern part of India and also to determine significant risk factors for LRTI in young children Our study concluded that the RISC score maybe used as an index of severity in children with LRTI, as a complementary tool to the current IMCI framework, to ensure appropriate treatment and hospitalization in children, who are most in need. Also, recognizing the risk factors at presentation, may facilitate decisions about the most appropriate site of treatment (i.e., home vs. hospital) or the need for additional supportive care (i.e., supplemental oxygen or intensive care). Keywords: Morbidity, Mortality in Children, Lower Respiratory Tract Infection, LRTI, etc.

scholarly journals Risk factors for severe RSV-induced lower respiratory tract infection over four consecutive epidemics

2007 ◽  
Vol 166 (12) ◽  
pp. 1267-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni A. Rossi ◽  
Maria Cristina Medici ◽  
Maria Cristina Arcangeletti ◽  
Marcello Lanari ◽  
Rocco Merolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract

scholarly journals Anemia as a Risk Factor for Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children Below Five Years of Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Henish Shakya ◽  
Saurav Singh ◽  
Ashish Lakhey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infection is a major cause of death in children in a developing country and anemia is found to be one of the commonest associated cofactors. This study was aimed to determine association of anemia in children with lower respiratory tract infections.Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was done over a one-year period for children under 5 years of age, admitted in Pediatric Ward of a tertiary Hospital in Lalitpur. The study included 100 diagnosed cases of lower respiratory tract infections as per WHO criteria and 100 age and sex matched patients who did not have respiratory complaints as controls, excluding prematurity, chronic diseases, malnutrition and severe systemic illness. Appropriate clinical history, examination routine investigations like hemoglobin, peripheral smear, and Chest X-ray were included.Results: The age distribution maximum children were in the age group of 3 months to 23 months with significant association with prevalence of both pneumonia (p value 0.005) and anemia (p value 0.002). Anemia was found to be a significant risk factor for LRTI (p value < 0.001) with odds ratio of 2.68 and 95% CI (1.51 – 4.75).Conclusions: Anemia was significantly found to be associated with lower respiratory tract infections and these children were found to be 2.68 times more susceptible to lower respiratory tract infections. Early diagnosis and prevention of anemia is thus important to reduce the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections in children.Nepalese Medical Journal. vol.1, No. 1, 2018, page: 5-8

scholarly journals Risk factors for seasonal human coronavirus lower respiratory tract infection after hematopoietic cell transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1903-1914
Author(s):  
Chikara Ogimi ◽  
Hu Xie ◽  
Alpana Waghmare ◽  
Masumi Ueda Oshima ◽  
Kanwaldeep K. Mallhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract

Abstract Data are limited regarding risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) caused by seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and the significance of virologic documentation by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on outcomes in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. We retrospectively analyzed patients undergoing allogeneic HCT (4/2008-9/2018) with HCoV (OC43/NL63/HKU1/229E) detected by polymerase chain reaction during conditioning or post-HCT. Risk factors for all manifestations of LRTI and progression to LRTI among those presenting with HCoV upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) were analyzed by logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models, respectively. Mortality rates following HCoV LRTI were compared according to virologic documentation by BAL. A total of 297 patients (61 children and 236 adults) developed HCoV infection as follows: 254 had URTI alone, 18 presented with LRTI, and 25 progressed from URTI to LRTI (median, 16 days; range, 2-62 days). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that male sex, higher immunodeficiency scoring index, albumin &lt;3 g/dL, glucose &gt;150 mg/dL, and presence of respiratory copathogens were associated with occurrence of LRTI. Hyperglycemia with steroid use was associated with progression to LRTI (P &lt; .01) in Cox models. LRTI with HCoV detected in BAL was associated with higher mortality than LRTI without documented detection in BAL (P &lt; .01). In conclusion, we identified factors associated with HCoV LRTI, some of which are less commonly appreciated to be risk factors for LRTI with other respiratory viruses in HCT recipients. The association of hyperglycemia with LRTI might provide an intervention opportunity to reduce the risk of LRTI.

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