scholarly journals PROXIMATE AND ULTIMATE ANALYSIS OF FUEL PELLETS FROM OIL PALM RESIDUES

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-990
Author(s):  
UP Onochie ◽  
AI Obanor ◽  
SA Aliu ◽  
OO Igbodaro
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Ultimate Analysis ◽  
Fuel Pellets ◽  
Proximate And Ultimate Analysis ◽  
Palm Fibre

This study carried out an investigation on the proximate and ultimate analysis of fuel pellets from oil palm residues such as palm kernel shell, PKS, palm fibre, PF and empty fruit bunch, EFB using the ASTM standards. The results obtained were compared. The percentage moisture content of the pellets, PKS, PF and EFB were 9.68%, 10.77%, 12.07% respectively. This is significantly lower than the percentage moisture content of the raw residues given as 10.23%, 11.10% and 15.01% respectively. High volatile matter content in the fuel pellets indicates that there would be ease of ignition during combustion. The results also show that the pellets have a lower ash content of 0.69%, 3.69% and 3.72% as against that of the raw residues, which is 3.24%, 7.90% and 4.48% respectively. There was really no significant reduction in emission of sulphur gases between the fuel pellets and the raw residues except for the Palm Fibre, PF, pellets and raw residues that varies. Essentially, from the general results obtained from the analysis, it can be deduced that pellets are more suitable for boilers in steam power plants.  http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i3.44

scholarly journals Effect of Elaeis Guineensis Biomass Residues in the Production of Coal Pellets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
UCHE ONOCHIE ◽  
HENRY EGWARE ◽  
FRANCIS ONOROH
Keyword(s):  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Screw Press ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Proximate And Ultimate Analysis ◽  
Palm Fibre

Abstract In this study, the effect of elaeis guineensis in the production of pellets from coal was investigated. Coal and elaeis guineensis were collected and pulverised. A locally fabricated screw press machine was used to produce three types of pellets in the same ratio (i.e. 80C:20R) while the fourth pellet is100% coal. These pellets are: coal palm kernel shell (CPKS), coal palm fibre (CPF), coal empty fruit bunch (CEFB) as well as raw coal (C). Thereafter, the pellets were sundried and characterised base on ASTM Standards. These include the calorific value, proximate and ultimate analysis. From the results, it was observed that the calorific value of CPKS, CPF, CEFB and C were 28033.38 kJ/kg, 27695.4 kJ/kg, 27687.5 kJ/kg and 22021.99 kJ/kg respectively. The sulphur content of the pellets is 0.7%, 0.71%, 0.73% and 0.76% respectively. The results revealed that the 100% coal pellet has the lowest percentage CV and the highest percentage sulphur and ash content. Essentially, this study has been able to established that elaeis guineensis residues is a good energy source for enhancing the calorific value of coal and also has the tendency of reducing the sulphur and ash contents of coal especially the PKS.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the mechanical and thermal behaviour of pellets produced from oil palm biomass blends

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Durability Index

<p>The production of bio-pellets is an alternative to add value to the residual biomass of the oil palm-extraction process. In this work, an experimental study of the pelletising process of oil palm residual biomass blends is presented. An experimental full factorial design that uses as factors the binding agent content, the moisture content and the mass content of palm kernel shell in the biomass blends is performed. The moisture content of the raw biomass material influences remarkably the durability index of the pellets. These results indicate that high moisture contents in biomass hinder the process of extrusion and linking among the oil palm biomass particles. An increase in the palm kernel shell mass fraction in biomass leads to an increase in the pellets apparent density value. The pellets durability index behaviour study leads to the conclusion that the moisture content is the parameter that exerts the major influence. If the moisture content increases, the durability index decreases. Further, no standard bending tests at 3-points on the pellets are made with the purpose of evaluating the mechanical strength of the densified biomass. Additionally, the produced pellets maintain the quality and durability criteria after being carbonised by means of a thermo gravimetric analysis. The best quality characteristics of the pellets were obtained for a raw biomass material with 10% of moisture content, 4% of binding agent content and 40% by mass of palm kernel shell in the overall biomass respectively.</p>

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF HIGH VOLUME BIOMASS WASTE MORTAR

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Habeeb Lateef Muttashar ◽  
M. W. Hussin ◽  
Jahanger Mirza ◽  
Ghasan Fahim Huseien
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Fibre ◽  
Palm Fibre

This paper represents the effects of using waste generated from palm oil industries like ash, shell and fibre on the engineering properties of mortar. Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) was used as cement replacement up to 60% and Oil Palm Kernel Shell (OPKS) as sand replacement in mortar mixture. The Oil Palm Fibre was added to increase the strengthening performance of mortar. The method used to find the water binder ratio was by trial and error method with 1:3 ratio of cement to sand. The cubes size of 70mm x 70mm x 70mm, beams size of 40mm x 40mm x 160mm, and cylinders size of 70mm diameter and 150mm height, were cast and tested for compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strengths of mortar. Samples were cured in water before testing it at 7, 28, and 60 days. Also, the water absorption of mortar was tested at the age of 28 days. The results showed that oil palm fibre provided more advantages and increase the strength properties especially in the flexural and tensile strength. The addition of Oil Palm Kernel Shell reduced the density of mortar and it can be used for lightweight application.  The test results also showed that as the POFA ratio increased, the compressive strength of mortar decreased. However, as OPKS ratio increased, the density was found to be decreased. The mix proportions using 60% POFA and 20% OPKS was considered as the optimum mix design. The mortar showed optimum strength at 9% with the addition of fibre.

Characterisation of industrially produced oil palm kernel shell biochar and its potential as slow release nitrogen-phosphate fertilizer and carbon sink

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Leones Dominguez ◽  
Arasu Uttran ◽  
Soh Kheang Loh ◽  
Marie-Hélène Manero ◽  
Richard Upperton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

The Effect of Mixing Coal with Biomass in Solid Fuel Briquettes

2013 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin Yee Sing ◽  
Mohd Shiraz Aris
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

Burning fossil fuel like coal in power plants released carbon dioxide that had been absorbed millions of years ago. Unfortunately, excessive carbon dioxide emission had led to global warming. Malaysia, as one of the major exporters of palm oil, has abundant oil palm mill residues that could be converted into value-added product like biomass fuel briquettes. Fuel briquette with palm kernel shell and palm mesocarp fibre as its main ingredients showed satisfactory fuel characteristics and mechanical properties as a pure biomass fuel briquette. The effects of adding some coal of higher calorific value to the satisfactory biomass fuel briquette were focused in this study. Various coal-biomass fuel blends were used, ranging from 0wt% coal to 50wt% coal. The fuel properties and mechanical properties of pure biomass briquette and briquettes with different amount of coal added were compared experimentally. From the fuel properties tests, it was found that as the coal content in the briquette was increased, the carbon content and calorific value increased. Mechanical property tests on the fuel briquettes showed a mixture of results, with some favored higher portion of coal in the briquette for better handling, transport and storage properties while some favored greater amount of biomass.

Oil Palm Kernel Shell – A Potential Sustainable Construction Material

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Timothy Z.H. Ting ◽  
Muhammad E. Rahman ◽  
Hieng H. Lau ◽  
Matthew Z.Y. Ting ◽  
Vikram Pakrashi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

Lightweight masonry block from oil palm kernel shell

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Setyo Muntohar ◽  
Muhammad Ekhlasur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Lightweight Masonry Block

Oil Palm Clinker Potentility for Producing Lightweight Concrete: Compressive Strength, Tensile and Modulus of Elasticity Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 200-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezuwan Kamaruddin ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Muhammad Faheem Mohd Tahir ◽  
Januarti Jaya Ekaputri
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Inert Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Boiler Furnace ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

Oil palm clinker is formed by burning of oil palm kernel shell and fibrous materials in boiler furnace. The clinker is no longer a bio-material that has changed to inert material likes the crushed brick. Large quantities oil palm clinkers have become a waste and caused disposal problem. It requires extra costs for handling, transportation and finding out suitable the dumping site. Research has been conducted to explore the potentiality usage of oil palm clinker as fine and coarse lightweight aggregates at Universiti Pertanian Malaysia. Mixtures of oil palm clinker concretes were designed, prepared and tested. Mechanical properties of a good mixture of tensile strength, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, creep and shrinkage were satisfied the standard engineering codes of practices. Oil palm clicker concrete was found lighter than conventional concrete, which usually weighs between 2240 and 2400 kg m-3. The means of compressive and tensile strengths were found 30.79 and 3.34 N mm-2 respectively. In addition, the mean of modulus of elasticity was 13.024 kNmm-2. Therefore, oil palm clinker aggregate and concrete are recommended to be used in lightweight reinforced concrete structures.

THE EFFECT OF OIL PALM KERNEL SHELL IN PRODUCING DIFFERENT TYPES OF POFA BASED MORTAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim ◽  
Mohd Warid Hussin ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam ◽  
Mostafa Samadi ◽  
Mohamed A. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Oil Fuel

This paper presents the utilization of palm oil fuel ash and oil palm kernel shell as cement and sand replacement, respectively in the production of palm oil fuel ash based mortar mixes as part of new and innovative materials in the construction industry. The study includes basic properties such as water absorption, density, compressive strength, and microstructure test with regards to variations in the mix design process. In order to get better performance in terms of strength development, the ash used was subjected to heat treatment and grounded to the size of less than 2 µm. High volume of 80% palm oil fuel ash was used as cement replacement, while 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of oil palm kernel shell was used as sand replacement. The results indicated that the density of the mortar decreases with increasing volume of oil palm kernel ash as sand replacement. Three different types of mortar were produced with different percentages of oil palm kernel shell, which was high strength, medium strength, and low strength lightweight mortars.

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