scholarly journals Effects of types and doses of yeast on gas production and in vitro digestibility of diets containing maize (Zea mays) and lucerne (Medicago sativa) or oat hay

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M.A. Elmasry ◽  
G.D. Mendoza ◽  
L.A. Miranda ◽  
G Vázquez ◽  
A.Z.M. Salem ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Muchamad Muchlas ◽  
Siti Chuzaemi ◽  
Mashudi Mashudi

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect supplementation of mimosa powder as a source of condensed tannins and a single fatty acid, myristic acid, in a complete feed based on corn stover (<em>Zea mays</em>) using the in-vitro gas production method. This research has been carried out at the Animal Nutrition and Food Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Brawijaya University. The time of the research was conducted in August until December 2019.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>The experimental design used randomized complete block design by ANOVA consisting four treatments and three replications which were P1= a complete feed based on corn stover (<em>Zea mays</em>) as control Diet (CD) (40% corn stover + 60 % concentrate), P2= (CD) + Mimosa Powder(MP) 1.5 %/kg DM + myristic acid (MA)2% /kg DM, P3= CD + MP 1.5 % /kg DM + MA 3% /kg DM, and P4= CD + MP 1.5 %/kg DM + MA 4 %/kg DM.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the treatments affected total gas production (p&lt;0.01). The highest value for total gas production was found in P1 (86.67 ml/500 mg DM) and the lowest was found in P3 (73.30 ml/500 mg DM). The results showed that gas production decreased concurrently with the increase of MA level. In vitro methane gas and carbon dioxide production was showed different (p&lt;0.05) from the control treatment. The lowest concentration of methane production was in P4 (82863.07 ppm) and the highest concentration was in treatment P1 86530.89 ppm. The highest total carbon dioxide content was P1 (436711.57 ppm) and the lowest concentration was P3 (350287.72 ppm).</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the research concluded that the addition of mimosa powder and 3 different levels of myristic acid in a complete feed based on corn stover can increase the nutritional value of a complete feed and reduce the production of methane gas.</p>


2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Dora Elisa Sánchez ◽  
Luis Carlos Arreaza ◽  
Beatriz Abadía

<p>Cuatro gramíneas tropicales (<em>Pennisetum clandestinum, Brachiaria decumbens, Bothriochloa pertusa </em>y <em>Dichantium aristatum</em>) y una leguminosa de la región templada (<em>Medicago sativa</em>) fueron comparadas mediante la técnica de producción de gas <em>in vitro, </em>con el fin de establecer los parámetros de degradación ruminal (volumen total de gas producido, tasa de degradación de carbohidratos solubles e insolubles y tiempo <em>lag) </em>para ser usados en el sistema CNCPS (<em>Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System</em>). Se emplearon tres preparaciones o fracciones de cada gramínea que consistieron en la materia seca entera (ME), el residuo insoluble en etanol (RIE) y la fibra en detergente neutro (FDN). El experimento consistió en cuatro incubaciones por 48 horas de cada fracción y cada forraje, registrándose la producción total de gas durante 48 horas en un sistema computarizado cerrado. Para efectos cuantitativos y análisis detallado de la cinética de las curvas y tasas de producción de gas en las fermentaciones <em>in vitro</em>, se aplicó un modelo matemático exponencial <em>Y = a*[1-exp{-b*(X-c)}], </em>para el cálculo de las tasas de degradación usadas por el sistema CNCPS. La producción de gas se registró mediante transductores digitales de presión, acoplados con frascos Wheaton de 50 ml con sustrato (100 mg), medio (8 ml) e inóculo ruminal (2 ml) y conectados a una tarjeta de adquisición de datos en un ordenador común, en el que se registraron las diferencias de presión cada 20 min. El valor más alto de producción total de gas a las 48 horas de incubación fue para el ME de <em>B. decumbens </em>con 39,4 ml y el más bajo fue de 8,42 ml para el FDN de alfalfa. La degradación total más alta fue para el FDN de Kikuyo con 77% ± 9,8 y la más baja en el FDN de Angleton con 47% ± 2,3. La baja producción de gas de la fracción fibrosa (FDN) de los cinco forrajes estuvo altamente asociada con la con­centración de lignina en el sustrato. El análisis de la cinética de las fracciones solubles mediante la sustracción de curvas sólo mostró ajuste definido y claro para la alfalfa.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Study of the <em>in vitro </em>degradation kinetics of four tropical grasses and one temperate legume</strong></p><p>Four tropical grasses (<em>Pennisetum clandesti­num, Brachiaria decumbens, Bothriochloa pertusa </em>and <em>Dichantium aristatum</em>) and the temperate legume (<em>Medicago sativa</em>) were compared by using the <em>In Vitro </em>Gas Transducer Technique with the aim to obtain their degradation rates (%/hr), total gas volume and final residue. Carbohydrate fractions: Whole for­rage = ME, Ethanol insoluble residue = RIE and Neutral Detergent Fiber = FDN, from the four grasses were prepared from whole material from each one and incubated with rumen fluid up to 48 hours in a closed com­puterized <em>in vitro </em>gas system. Data from the incubations were analyzed by a non lineal regression, fitting gas data to an exponential equation from Mertens &amp; Loften (1980). Gas accumulation was recorded via pressure transducers connected to 50 ml bottles with substrate (100 mg) and medium (8 ml) plus rumen fluid as inoculum (2 ml). Data were recorded every 20 min via an analog/di-gital card attached to a computer. Voltages recorder were converted to ml of gas in a spreadsheet using Excel® macros. The hig-hest gas production was found in whole for­age from <em>B decumbens</em>: 39.4 ml and the lowest was in NDF from alfalfa: 8.4 ml in 48 hours. Higher degradability was found in NDF from Kikuyu grass: 77% ± 9.8, and the low­est degradation was observed in NDF from angleton: 47% ± 2.3. The low gas production from NDF in all 5 forages was associated with the lignin content in the substrate. The kinetic analysis by curve subtraction for the soluble carbohydrates was consistent for alfalfa but not for the grasses.</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
Fatma Hadhoud ◽  
M. Shaaban ◽  
A. Abd El Tawab ◽  
M. Khattab ◽  
H. Ebeid ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-941
Author(s):  
Sharad Vats ◽  
Preeti Mehra

Background: Vector-borne diseases are quite prevalent globally and are one of the major causes of deaths due to infectious diseases. There is an availability of synthetic insecticides, however, their excessive and indiscriminate use have resulted in the emergence of resistant varieties of insects. Thus, a search for novel biopesticide has become inevitable. Methods: Rotenoids were isolated and identified from different parts of Medicago sativa L. This group of metabolites was also identified in the callus culture, and the rotenoid content was monitored during subculturing for a period of 10 months. Enhancement of the rotenoid content was evaluated by feeding precursors in a tissue culture medium. Results: Four rotenoids (elliptone, deguelin, rotenone and Dehydrorotenone) were identified, which were confirmed using spectral and chromatographic techniques. The maximum rotenoid content was found in the seeds (0.33±0.01%), followed by roots (0.31±0.01%) and minimum in the aerial parts (0.20±0.05%). A gradual decrease in the rotenoid content was observed with the ageing of subcultured tissue maintained for 10 months. The production of rotenoids was enhanced up to 2 folds in the callus culture using amino acids, Phenylalanine and Methionine as precursors as compared to the control. The LC50 value of the rotenoids was found to be 91 ppm and 162 ppm against disease vectors of malaria and Dracunculiasis, respectively. Conclusion: The study projects M. sativa as a novel source of biopesticide against the disease vectors of malaria and Dracunculiasis. The use of precursors to enhance the rotenoid content in vitro can be an effective venture from a commercial point of view.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Yichong Wang ◽  
Sijiong Yu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Xiaolong Qi ◽  
...  

Nutritional strategies can be employed to mitigate greenhouse emissions from ruminants. This article investigates the effects of polyphenols extracted from the involucres of Castanea mollissima Blume (PICB) on in vitro rumen fermentation. Three healthy Angus bulls (350 ± 50 kg), with permanent rumen fistula, were used as the donors of rumen fluids. A basic diet was supplemented with five doses of PICB (0%–0.5% dry matter (DM)), replicated thrice for each dose. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N), and methane (CH4) yield were measured after 24 h of in vitro fermentation, and gas production was monitored for 96 h. The trial was carried out over three runs. The results showed that the addition of PICB significantly reduced NH3-N (p < 0.05) compared to control. The 0.1%–0.4% PICB significantly decreased acetic acid content (p < 0.05). Addition of 0.2% and 0.3% PICB significantly increased the propionic acid content (p < 0.05) and reduced the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio, CH4 content, and yield (p < 0.05). A highly significant quadratic response was shown, with increasing PICB levels for all the parameters abovementioned (p < 0.01). The increases in PICB concentration resulted in a highly significant linear and quadratic response by 96-h dynamic fermentation parameters (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that 0.2% PICB had the best effect on in-vitro rumen fermentation efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas production.


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