scholarly journals Evaluation of nutrient content and in-vitro gas production of complete feed based on corn stover (Zea mays) supplemented by mimosa powder and myristic acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Muchamad Muchlas ◽  
Siti Chuzaemi ◽  
Mashudi Mashudi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect supplementation of mimosa powder as a source of condensed tannins and a single fatty acid, myristic acid, in a complete feed based on corn stover (<em>Zea mays</em>) using the in-vitro gas production method. This research has been carried out at the Animal Nutrition and Food Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Brawijaya University. The time of the research was conducted in August until December 2019.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>The experimental design used randomized complete block design by ANOVA consisting four treatments and three replications which were P1= a complete feed based on corn stover (<em>Zea mays</em>) as control Diet (CD) (40% corn stover + 60 % concentrate), P2= (CD) + Mimosa Powder(MP) 1.5 %/kg DM + myristic acid (MA)2% /kg DM, P3= CD + MP 1.5 % /kg DM + MA 3% /kg DM, and P4= CD + MP 1.5 %/kg DM + MA 4 %/kg DM.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the treatments affected total gas production (p&lt;0.01). The highest value for total gas production was found in P1 (86.67 ml/500 mg DM) and the lowest was found in P3 (73.30 ml/500 mg DM). The results showed that gas production decreased concurrently with the increase of MA level. In vitro methane gas and carbon dioxide production was showed different (p&lt;0.05) from the control treatment. The lowest concentration of methane production was in P4 (82863.07 ppm) and the highest concentration was in treatment P1 86530.89 ppm. The highest total carbon dioxide content was P1 (436711.57 ppm) and the lowest concentration was P3 (350287.72 ppm).</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the research concluded that the addition of mimosa powder and 3 different levels of myristic acid in a complete feed based on corn stover can increase the nutritional value of a complete feed and reduce the production of methane gas.</p>

scholarly journals The potential of tropical grass as a feed in ruminant by using an in vitro gas production

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 06005
Author(s):  
Nevyani Asikin ◽  
Anuraga Jayanegara ◽  
Muhamad Ridla ◽  
Anjas Asmara Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tropical Grass

Pennisetum purpoides is one of the most widely cultivated tropical forages and it is often used as animal feed in Indonesia. However, grass feeding could not fulfill the need of nutrients if served as single feed because it contained of high crude fiber and low protein. In terms of nutritional adequacy, animal feed should contain complete nutritional value in order to achieve an optimum productivity. This experiment aimed to elucidate the potential of tropical grass as a feed in ruminant by using an in vitro gas production technicque. The grasses were determined for proximate analysis, Van Soest fiber fractions (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin), and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. This study was conducted from January until April 2018 at Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. This study used a randomized block design with 3 replications. There were three treatments tested in this study, i.e. (1) Pennisetum purpoides (T1), (2) Setaria splendida (T2), (3) Setaria anceps (T3). Parameters measured in the in vitro study is total gas production. Data were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan test if there was a significant difference among treatments. The data showed that gas production is not significantly different (P>0,05).

scholarly journals Effect of fermentation on mixed rumen contents and jackfruit peel using Aspergillus oryzae on in vitro gas production and digestibility

2022 ◽  
Vol 335 ◽  
pp. 00048
Author(s):  
Mashudi Mashudi ◽  
Wahyuni Nurmawati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of Aspergillus oryzae on fermentation of mixture of rumen contents and jackfruit peel on in vitro gas production and digestibility. The method used in this study was an experiment using a randomized block design (RBD) of 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments including of T0 = 50% rumen contents + 50% jackfruit peel, T1 = 40 % rumen contents + 60% jackfruit peel + 0,4% Aspergillus oryzae, T2 = 30% rumen contents + 70% jackfruit peel + 0,4% Aspergillus oryzae, T3 = 20% rumen contents + 80% jackfruit peel + 0,4% Aspergillus oryzae. Variables observed were gas production, dry matter digestibility (DMD), and organic matter digestibility (OMD). Data were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) from Randomized Block Design, if there were significant effect between the treatments then tested with least significant different (LSD). The result showed that fermentation of mixture of rumen contents and jackfruit peel have highly significant effect (P<0.01) on gas production, and significant effect (P<0.05) on DMD and OMD. Gas production, DMD and OMD of fermented mixture of rumen contents and jackfruit peel are higher than control without fermentation. It is concluded that the higher jackfruit peels the higher gas production, DMD and OMD.

KONSENTRASI SCFA DAN PRODUKSI GAS IN VITRO RANSUM BERBASIS RUMPUT KUMPAI TEMBAGA DIKOMBINASI DAUN SINGKONG, LUMPUR SAWIT DAN DISUPLEMENTASI RAGI Sc

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Arfan Abrar ◽  
Armina Fariani ◽  
Yopi Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

 ABSTRAKKualitas rumput tembaga merupakan hijauan dengan produksi melimpah tetapi belum banyak dimanfaatkan secara optimal sebagai pakan ternak. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikombinasi dengan daun singkong, lumpur sawit dan disuplementasi ragi Sc untuk meningkatkan nutrisi dari ransum yang berbahan dasar rumput kumpai tembaga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0= 85% rumput kumpai tembaga + 15% konsenterat, P1= 55% rumput kumpai tembaga + 30% daun singkong+15% konsenterat + 0,05% (Saccharomycas Cerevisiae), P2= 55% rumput kumpai tembaga+30% lumpur sawit+15% konsenterat+0,05% (Saccharomycas Cerevisiae), P3= 55% rumput kumpai tembaga+15% lumpur sawit+15% daun singkong+15% konsenterat + 0,05 % (Saccharomycas Cerevisiae). Parameter yang diamati adalah konsentrasi SCFA (mM), Gas Metana (ppm), dan laju produksi Gas (mL/Jam) secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ransum rumput kumpai tembaga dikombinasi daun singkong, lumpur sawit dan disuplementasi ragi Sc menghasilkan Konsentrasi SCFA, Gas metana, dan Produksi Gas yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05) secara in vitro. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan R2 (30% lumpur sawit dan 0,05% ragi) mampu mencukupi sumber energi utama ternak dengan konsentrasi SCFA yaitu 115,25 mM, dan memiliki nilai konsentrasi gas metana yang lebih rendah yaitu 537,97 ppm, serta dapat meningkatkan nilai laju produksi gas yaitu 1.44 mL/Jam. Kata Kunci : Kombinasi, Kumpai Tembaga, Metana, Produksi Gas, SCFA. ABSTRACTQuality grass (Hymenachne Acutigluma) is a forage that abundant production but has not been optimally utilized as animal feed. Therefore, it needs to be combined Cassava Leaves, Palm Oil and yeast Sc Suplementation to improve the nutrients of the copper based grass ration. This study aims to determine the concentration of SCFA and in vitro gas production of grass based grass ration based on cassava leaves, palm oil and Yeast Sc supplementation. This study used a complate random design method (CRD) that 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment consisted of P0 = 85% (Hymenachne Acutigluma) + 15% consentate, P1 = 55% (Hymenachne Acutigluma) + 30% cassava leaves + 15% consentate + 0.05% (Saccharomycas Cerevisiae), P2 = 55% (Hymenachne Acutigluma) + 30% palm oil + 15% consentate + 0.05% (Saccharomycas Cerevisiae), P3 = 55% of copper grass + 15% palm oil + 15% cassava leaves + 15% consentate + 0,05% (Saccharomycas Cerevisiae). Parameters observed were SCFA concentration (mM), Methane Gas (ppm), and Gas production (mL / Hour) in vitro. The results showed that raccoon grass (Hymenachne Acutigluma) combined cassava leaves, palm oil and yeast Sc suplementation resulted in a significantly different concentration of SCFA, methane gas and gas production (P <0.05) in vitro. Based on research result, it can be concluded that R2 treatment (30% palm oil and 0.05% yeast Sc) is able to supply primary energy source of livestock with SCFA concentration of 115,25 mM, and have lower methane gas concentration value that is 537,97 ppm, and can increase the gas production rate of 1.44 mL / hour Keywords: Combination, Gas Production, Hymenachne Acutigluma, Methane, SCFA.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro gas production of cassava peel silage using different preservatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012052
Author(s):  
A D Kartika ◽  
Kusmartono ◽  
Mashudi ◽  
PH Ndaru
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cassava Peel

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of using different types and levels of preservatives on chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP) of cassava peel silage. The following treatments were applied: T0: cassava peel without preservative; T1: T0 + molasses 2%; T2: T0 + molasses 4%; T3: T0 + rice bran 2%; T4: T0 + rice bran 4%; T5: T0 + cassava meal 2% and T6:T0 + cassava meal 4% with 3 replications arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) for the chemical composition variable and randomized block design (RBD) for IVGP variable. The results showed that treatments significantly affected (P<0.01) DM, OM, and EE contents, significantly affected (P<0,05) IVGP but did not significantly affect CP, CF contents, potential, and rate of gas production (P>0.05). Treatment T5 seems to have higher values of IVGP and ME (159.1±7.19 ml/500 mgDM; 11.1±0.36MJ/kg DM, respectively) compared to the other treatments that might have related to a higher OM available for in vitro fermentation process. It can be concluded that the use of cassava meal at 2% level can be considered as the most ideal preservative to use to produce a high-quality cassava peel silage.

Factors affecting the amount of indirect gas produced by the in vitro gas production technique

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 89-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rymer ◽  
A. R. Moss ◽  
E. R. Deaville ◽  
D. I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bicarbonate Ions ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Micro Organisms

When a food is ingested by a ruminant animal, the carbohydrate fraction of the food is fermented by the rumen micro-organisms to produce gas (predominantly carbon dioxide and methane) as well as volatile fatty acids (VFA). The gas production technique simulates this fermentation process and provides an estimate of both the rate and extent of fermentation. Comparing the gas production (GP) profiles of foods enables a comparison to be made of the fermentative characteristics of different foods. However, the technique uses a bicarbonate-based medium system with the rumen liquor. This complicates the GP profile because of the production of ‘indirect’ gas resulting from the reaction between the VFA and the bicarbonate ions.Beuvink and Spoelstra (1992) measured the volume of gas produced from buffered rumen fluid when known amounts of VFA were added and observed that 20·8 ml gas were released per mmol VFA. However, there is variation between laboratories in terms of the composition of the medium that is used. Even when the same medium is used, significant differences have been observed in the GP profile when different types of apparatus were employed (Rymer and Givens, 1997). Media are gassed with carbon dioxide before they are added to the gas production system and it is possible that the concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in the medium varies between experiments. The objective of this experiment, therefore, was to determine whether the volume of indirect gas produced was affected by the composition of the medium, the addition of carbon dioxide, and the technique employed to measure gas production.

scholarly journals In vitro gas production and its prediction on metabolize energy of complete feed using rumen fluid of three Indigenous cattle as inoculum taken from abattoir

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Rizka Muizzu Aprilia ◽  
Shavira Kusherawaty ◽  
Hendrawan Soetanto
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

In vitro gas production (IVGP) technique has been routinely used to evaluate the nutritional value of ruminant feed. The pre-requisite of using rumen fluid from fistulae animals is now facing a raising pressure from the animal welfare organization to ban this practice. Alternatively, rumen fluid (RF) from abattoir has been suggested to be used as source of inoculum by a number of scientists. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of rumen fluid taken from cattle that were slaughtered at Surabaya abattoir as inoculum for IVGP measurement and its prediction on metabolic energy (ME) of a complete feed. Fresh rumen fluid of three indigenous cattle, namely Ongole Cross Breed (OCB), Madura (MC) and Bali Cattle (BC) was transferred into a vacuum thermo flask and immediately transported to the animal nutrition laboratory of Brawijaya University for further processes to measure IVGP of complete feed in a completely randomized block design with two replicates each. Gas production was monitored at time intervals and terminated after 48 hours incubation in the oxygen-free glass syringes at 38°C. Feed degradability was calculated by gravimetric method at 48 hours, while prediction of ME content was based on 24 h GP and estimated using the equation described by Menke and Steingass (1979).The results demonstrated that inoculum from OCB resulted in the superiority in all parameters, namely total GP (ml/500 mg DM), potential of GP (ml/500 mg DM), rate constant of gas production for insoluble fraction (ml/hour), and estimated ME content (MJ/DM) compared with MC and BC. Based on these findings it can be concluded that the fermentation process of complete feed in the rumen of OCB is more efficient than MC and BC which reflects to the more efficient interaction among rumen microbes to ferment the feed ingredients.

OLIVE CAKE SILAGE AS ALTERNATIVE ROUGHAGE FOR RUMINANT: EFFECT ON RUMEN DEGRADABILITY AND IN-VITRO GAS PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
Fatma Hadhoud ◽  
M. Shaaban ◽  
A. Abd El Tawab ◽  
M. Khattab ◽  
H. Ebeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Olive Cake ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

scholarly journals Associative Effects between Forages and Concentrates on In Vitro Fermentation of Working Equine Diets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2212
Author(s):  
Mónica Gandarillas ◽  
Juan Pablo Keim ◽  
Elisa María Gapp
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Need To Evaluate

Background: Horses are hindgut fermenters, and it is therefore important to determine the postgastric nutritive value of their feedstuffs and diets. Moreover, it has been demonstrated in other animal species that the fermentation of diets results in different values than those expected from pure ingredients. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to evaluate the gas production (GP) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, as well as the associative effects, of mixtures of different forages and concentrated foods, which are representative of the traditional diets of high-performance horses. Methods: An in vitro gas production experiment was conducted to assess the fermentation of two forages and three concentrates that are typical in horse diets. The combination of 70% of forage and 30% concentrates was also assessed to determine potential associative effects. Results: Concentrates and grains produced higher GP and VFA than forages when evaluated alone. When experimental diets were incubated, GP parameters and VFA concentrations of forage–concentrate mixtures had unexpected differences from the values expected from the fermentation of pure ingredients, suggesting the occurrence of associative effects. Conclusions: Our results indicate that there is a need to evaluate the fermentation of diets, rather than predicting from the values of pure ingredients.

scholarly journals Preserving Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima as Silages for Ruminant Feeding

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1957
Author(s):  
Margarita Novoa-Garrido ◽  
Carlos Navarro Marcos ◽  
María Dolores Carro Travieso ◽  
Eduarda Molina Alcaide ◽  
Mogens Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Porphyra Umbilicalis ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Kinetics Of

The study analyzed the characteristics, chemical composition, and in vitro gas production kinetics of Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima silages. Each seaweed was ensiled in vacuum bags (three bags/silage) following a 2 × 3 factorial design, with two pre-treatments (unwilted or pre-wilted) and three silage types: unwashed seaweed ensiled without additive; seaweed washed and ensiled without additive; and seaweed washed and ensiled with 4 g of formic acid (FAC) per kg seaweed. Silages were kept for 3 months in darkness at 20 °C. Pre-wilting prevented (p < 0.001) effluent formation and reduced (p ≤ 0.038) the production of NH3-N and volatile fatty acids for both seaweeds. Both pre-wilting and washing increased (p < 0.05) the ruminal degradability of P. umbilicalis silages but not of S. latissima silages. The pH of the FAC-treated silages was below 4.0, but ranged from 4.54 to 6.23 in non FAC-treated silages. DL-lactate concentrations were low (≤23.0 g/kg dry matter) and acetate was the predominant fermentation product, indicating a non-lactic fermentation. The estimated ruminal degradability of the P. umbilicalis and S. latissima silages was as average, 59.9 and 86.1% of that for high-quality rye-grass silages, respectively, indicating a medium-low nutritional value of these seaweed silages for ruminants.

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