Helminth parasites of cultured Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia zillii in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
M.U Effiong ◽  
N.E Obot
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tilapia Zillii ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Key Words Fish ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The study examined helminth parasites of cultured Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia zillii in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. A total of 60 fish samples (30 each of C.gariepinus and T. zillii) were subjected to parasitological examinations. Results revealed a total of 47(78.33%) fishes infected with various species of parasites: Nematodes (Camallanus polypteri, Paracamallanus cyathopharynx, and Procamallanus laevionchus), Cestodes (Polyonchobothrium torulosus and P. clariae) and Trematodes (Dactylogyrus extensus and Glossiduim pedatum) in decreasing order of abundance. Out of the 60 fish samples examined, 47 were infected with 219 parasites: 142(64.84%) nematodes, 40(18.26%) cestodes and 37(16.89%) trematodes. A total of 159(72.60%) parasites were recovered from C. gariepinus out of which 103(64.78%) were nematodes, 19(18.45%) were cestodes and 37(35.92%) were trematodes. While 60(27.40%) parasites were recovered from T. zilli, of which 39(65.00%) were nematodes and 21(35.00%) cestodes. No trematode was observed in the tilapia. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 78.33%. The results of chi square analysis showed that females of both species had significantly higher (P<0.05) prevalence of infection 27(84.4%) than males 20(71.4%). Also, C. gariepinus had higher infection rate of 25(83.33%) when compared to 22(73.33%) recorded in T. zillii. Key words: fish parasites, aquaculture, prevalence, C. gariepinus, T. zillii

Sex and Age-related Parasitism of Clarias gariepinus in earthen ponds in African Regional Aquaculture Centre, Aluu, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.P Ayawei ◽  
H.O Imafidor ◽  
G.D.B Awi-Waadu ◽  
A Abah
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Earthen Ponds ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Rivers State

This study aimed at investigating the sex and age-related parasitic burden of Clarias gariepinus cultured in earthen ponds. Eighty–five (85) fish samples were selected randomly for analyses from three earthen ponds. Sexing was done by the observation of the urinogenital papillae. For parasitological analysis, skin and gill scrapes were taken for external parasites while the stomach and intestines were slit open, rinsed and observed for helminthic worms. Parasites identified included; Chilodonella sp. (0.3%), Ichthyophthirius sp. (41.1%), Trichodina sp. (55%), Icthyobodo sp., (1.0%) and Gyrodactylus sp. (2.4%). From the study 31 out of 56 males and 20 out of 27 females were infected with parasites. Prevalence of infection in males and females were 55.36% and 74.07% respectively. Mean intensity of parasites was also higher for females (150.75) than for males (62.68) Chi square analysis however, revealed no significant effect (p<0.05) of parasitism on gender. It was further observed that juvenile males and early adult females respectively, had more parasites with 55.3 and 92.4 parasite mean intensities. Among age groups, the mid juveniles (25-99g) (19%), late juveniles (100-299g) (65%) and early adults (300-500g) (14%) were most infected, although there was no significant effect (p<0.05). Sex-related prevalence could be based on hormonal changes and reproduction in females, and competitive search for mates by males. Age-related infection was predicated upon active feeding habits reported among fish of these ages It is therefore recommended that routine health checks be carried out for pond cultured fish. Furthermore, that older fish be sorted and kept together, as they would have stronger immunity than younger fish. Keywords; Zoonoses, fish infection, late juveniles, earthen pond, Clarias gariepinus, sex, age

scholarly journals Fish Parasitological Studies in Bangladesh: A Review

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Key Words Fish ◽  
Fish Louse

Fish parasitological investigation and research performed in Bangladesh has been reviewed through study of available literature. Considerable works mainly on systematics, nature of infestation and pathology of different groups of fish parasites- protozoa, helminths and crustacea have been done. A total of 290 species of parasites have so far been recorded from freshwater and marine fishes in Bangladesh. Ectoparasitic protozoans and monogenetic trematodes are recorded mainly from cultured fish species of farms. Two helminth parasites of zoonotic importance Dibothriocephalus latus and Gnathostoma spinigerum are also reported from Bangladesh fishes. Much attention has been given on caryophyllid cestodes of two catfishes Magur and Singhi. Few fish diseases of parasitic origin have been reported and studied. Commonly occurring parasitic diseases are agrulosis (fish louse), ichthyophthiriasis (white spot) and myxoboliasis. Only few attempts were taken to their control measures using simple chemicals like salt, lime, formalin, dipterex and sumithion. Recommendation has been made for the future works on parasitology for sustainable production of healthy fish. Key words: Fish parasites, freshwater fishes, marine fishes.

scholarly journals A Survey of Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites of Some Fresh Water Fish Species Sold in Makurdi - Benue State, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
FO Okita ◽  
HI Obadiah ◽  
UF Umele ◽  
IT Orhembega
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
State University ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Parent Stock

This research was carried out to quantify the burden of gastrointestinal helminthes of fish sold in Makurdi, Nigeria. A total of 800 fish samples consisting of four species (Alestes nurse, Tilapia zilli, Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus) were purchased from fisher men at Wadata and Wurukum landing sites and taken to the Zoology Laboratory of Benue State University Makurdi for analysis. The length and weight of the fish samples were taken prior to dissection and parasites were recovered and identified following standard procedures. Data generated was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square. Results indicated an overall prevalence of 90(11.25%) consisting of four parasite groups: Nematodes 74 (660.7%), Cestodes 10(8.93%), Trematodes 18(16.07%) and Acanthocephalans 10(8.93%) (P<0.05). Infection rate was higher (57.78%) in fish length range 21.00 - 25.9cm while those that fell within 6.00 -10.90cm and 11.00 – 15.90cm were not parasitized (P<0.05). It was also observed that fish within the standard weight range of 80.00g – 120.9g had the most number of parasites (p>0.05). Parasite density was highest (2.33%) in O. niloticus. The helminthes recovered were found to inhabit the Intestine 66(58.93%), Stomach 22(19.64%), Liver 20(8.92%), Gills 8(3.57%) and Muscle 6(5.36%) (P<0.05). Proper fish handling and preparation as well as screening of wild juveniles and parent stock is recommended to enhance aquaculture and prevent zoonosis

scholarly journals Population density of helminths in ducks: effects of host’s age, sex, breed and season

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Farjana ◽  
KR Islam ◽  
MMH Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Domestic Ducks ◽  
The Mean

 A study was conducted to investigate the population density of helminth parasites in domestic ducks (Anas boschas domesticus) in relation to host's age, sex, breed and seasons of the year from March 2002 to May 2003. A total of 300 ducks were collected from different villages of Netrokona and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh and autopsied to collect the parasites and counted to determine the population density of parasites. Off 300 ducks examined, 290 (96.66%) were infected with 17 species of helminth parasites in which 11 species were trematodes, 4 were cestodes and 2 nematodes. Among the parasites, density of cestodes was the highest (33.15±5.26), followed by trematodes (5.98±1.32); and nematodes (2.95±0.68). Mean density of parasites increased with the increase of age (young: 21.23±1.09, adult: 26.18±2.14 and old: 27.87±2.98) while the mean density of most of the helminth parasites was higher in female ducks (31.35±4.72) than in males (27.52±3.32). Indigenous ducks (33.72±3.61) were infected with the highest load of helminths than Khaki Campbell breed (29.61±4.32) of ducks. Mean density of most trematodes (5.42±0.80) were highest in winter season whereas mean density of all cestodes (48.43±4.85) and nematodes (4.13±1.76) were highest in summer.  The present study suggests that age, sex, breed of ducks and seasons of the year influence the parasitic infection to a greater extend. Key words: Population density, helminths, duck, Bangladesh DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1.1338 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 45-51

scholarly journals Parasitology and urban livestock farming in Nigeria : prevalence of ova in faecal and soil samples and animal ectoparasites in Makurdi

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Omudu ◽  
E.U. Amuta
Keyword(s):  
Test Tube ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Domestic environmental pollution resulting from urban livestock farming was investigated in Makurdi using parasitological techniques. The test tube flotation technique was used for the parasitological analysis of animal faecal matter and soil samples collected from residential premises. Ectoparasitic fauna of dogs, goats, sheep and cattle cohabiting with humans within the same residential compound were also collected and identified. The hand-picking and body brushing methods were employed to search for ticks, fleas, lice and mites. Of the 150 soil samples examined, 55 (36.7 %) were positive for 1 or more eggs of helminth parasites. There was no significant difference in the distribution of eggs in the soil samples from the 3 areas sampled (c2=0.046, df=2, P>0.05). Ascaris species were the dominant parasite eggs found. Of the 180 faecal samples examined, 107 (59.4 %) were positive for 1 or more eggs of helminth parasites. Chi-square analysis showed no significant difference in the level of infection of different animal faeces sampled (c2=5.74, df=4, P>0.05). Ascaris species were again the dominating helminth parasite eggs found. There was also no significant difference in the prevalence of helminth eggs in the animal faecal samples from the 3 areas sampled (c2=5.99, df=4, P>0.05). A total of 1908 ectoparasites was recovered (ticks: 32.80 %; lice: 22.43 %; fleas: 22.06% and mite: 22.69 %). There was no significant difference in infestation animals between sexes (c2=0.10, df=4, P>0.05). The predominant genus encountered for ticks were Amblyomma, while Linognathus (43.90%), Ctenocephalides (97.38%) and Sarcoptes (58.89 %) were most predominant for lice, fleas and mites respectively. The public health implications of the findings, especially as these relate to the increasing incidence and prevalence of zoonotic infections, are discussed.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SEX AND BIRTH WEIGHT OF THE CALF AND THE PARITY AND LENGTH OF GESTATION ON THE TIME OF CALVING

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-875
Author(s):  
J. THARMARAJ ◽  
Y. SHINDE ◽  
F. KASHIWAMURA ◽  
M. NAKAMURA ◽  
T. IKETAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Early Late ◽  
Weight Groups ◽  
Length Of Gestation

Data on 721 calvings of Holstein cows recorded over a 10-yr period at the Obihiro University Dairy Farm were analyzed using chi-square analysis of variance. Calvings were not evenly distributed over the 24 h (P < 0.05). Calf birth weight affected the time of calving (P = 0.02). Sex of the calf (P = 0.73), parity (P = 0.55) and length of gestation (P = 0.10) did not directly influence the time of calving. Calves were divided into three groups according to their birth weights, within subclasses of sex (male, female), parity (early, late) and length of gestation (short, long). The groups were: light weight (≤ mean − SD under that subclass), average (mean + SD) and heavy (≥ mean + SD). Chi-square analysis comparing the three birth weight groups revealed that most of the lightest calves were born during the night. Weight of the mature fetus was related to the time of calving, but the mechanism for it was not resolved. Key words: Calving time, calf birth weight, parturition

scholarly journals The occurrence of heterophyid metacercariae in a stream linked aquatic reservoirs, Southeast Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Paul Chinedu Echi ◽  
Victoria Chimuanya Ezeala
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Tilapia Zillii ◽  
Gill Parasites

The study of teleost parasites in an ecologically altered ecosystem through dam construction that evidently facilitate parasitic infections and aggravate public health concerns is essential. The study of stream linked dam showed that Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848), Pelmatolapia mariae (Boulenger, 1899) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) form the major fish composition of these reservoirs. They serve important food resource globally especially places bereft of extensive aquaculture practices. Although, knowledge about the gill parasites of P. mariae is inexistent the examined individual P. mariae showed that it had 54% Heterophyes heterophyes infection, C. gariepinus had no parasitic infection whereas T. zillii had a relatively very low Batrachobdelloides spp (1.7%). Besides, the highest DO levels in the dam occasioned by high agitation and floatation the physical factors conditions - pH and DO (> 6 mg.L^-1) had suitable levels for biodiversity.

scholarly journals Assessment of ecto and endo parasites of Schizothorax plagiostomus inhabiting river Panjkora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ahmad ◽  
W. Khan ◽  
S. N. Das ◽  
W. A. Pahanwar ◽  
S. Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Snow Trout ◽  
Schizothorax Plagiostomus

Abstract Fish provides main source of high quality protein to more than one billion people in the world. Fish parasites directly affect the productivity of fish and indirectly on human health. This research was aimed to assess the helminth parasites in Schizothorax plagiostomus (the snow trout) from river Panjkora, KP, Pakistan. A total of 88 fish samples (n= 88) were collected from the upper, middle and lower regions of the river through cast nets, hand nets and hooks. All the collected fish samples were examined in the Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Malakand for helminth parasites during July 2018 to February 2019.Among these fishes nematodes, trematodes, cestodes and acanthocephalan were isolated and identified. Overall prevalence of the fish parasites was 60.22% (53/88). The intensity of the parasite was observed from 1.7% to 4.61%. Highest prevalence was reported in summer season 86.36% while lowest in the winter season 36.36%. This study shows that summer season affects the fish business and result in poor quality fish meat with risk of zoonotic diseases. Adults were highly infected 82.25% while no infection was found in juvenile specimens. Female fish samples had higher prevalence 68.22% than males 48.22%. Fishes of the lower reaches had highest prevalence 60.22% than the upper reaches 40.0%. Fish samples with maximum length and weight were highly 76.92% infected than small sized fish with low body weight. Present study addresses that Rhabdochona schizothoracis in the intestine and Diplozoon paradoxum in gills of snow trout fish has a long term relationship and call as a natural infection in cyprinids and it is zoonotic threat to human.

scholarly journals Seasonal prevalence, intensity and organal distribution of Helminth parasites in macrognathus aculeatus

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Hamida Khanum ◽  
Salma Begum ◽  
Aleya Begum
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Seasonal Prevalence ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Macrognathus Aculeatus

Examination of 122 individuals of Macrognathus aculeatus (popularly known as Tara Baim), collected monthly, from the river Buriganga during March, 2007 to February, 2008 revealed 77 fishes were infected with various helminth parasites with an infection rate of 63.11% and intensity of infection of 3.18. A total of 245 parasites were recovered from different organs of the fishes, with the highest number from the intestine. Six species of helminths were detected, of which two were trematodes (Clinostomum piscidum and Rhynchooharynx paradoxa), one species of cestode (Marsipometra parva) and three species of nematodes (Pseudoproleptus vestibules, Cucullanus cirratus and Porrocaecum trichiuri L3 larva). The prevalence and intensity of parasitic infection were a bit higher in female fish than in male. The parasites were much more abundant in rainy season (75%) followed by summer (62.5%) and winter (31.81%). The larger fishes were heavily infected (71.01%) than medium (53.33%) and smaller (52.17%) fishes. Key words: Macrognathus aculeatus; Helminth; Prevalence; Intensity; Organal distribution;  Seasonal variation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v20i2.8971 DUJBS 2011; 20(2): 117-122

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document