Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of the Diuretic Activity of Aqueous Methanol Extract from Aerial Parts of Mentha viridis Linn (Labiatae) in Albino Rats

Reinwardtia indica, belongs to family Linaceae known as yellow flax or pyoli commonly found in the Himalaya. The plant has varied ethno medicinal importance such as aerial parts are used to prevent bleeding of cuts and as mouthwash; leaves are used in the treatment of paralysis and as natural antibiotic. Qualitative phytochemical screening of chloroform, acetone, ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts was performed to explore scientific basis of ethno medicinal potential. It confirmed the presence of many phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavanoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, phlobatanins etc. in various extracts. Most of the phytochemicals were found in methanol and ethanol extracts. Thin Layer chromatography (TLC) of the acetone, methanol, chloroform and aqueous extract was performed for four important phytochemicals alkaloids, flavanoids, tannins and phenol. Flavanoids showed their presence in all extracts with one spot in each (Rf 0.8 for acetone, 0.918 for methanol, 0.816 for chloroform and 0.737 for aqueous extract). Alkaloids and tannins were found in acetone and methanol extract while phenol was present only in methanol extract (Rf 0.8). These findings provided the evidence that Reinwardtia indica is a potent source for some medicinally important phytochemicals and it justifies its use as a medicinal plant. This can be further investigated for the isolation and identification of active biochemical compound of medicinal utilities

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Antidiarrhoeal Studies of Methanol Leaf Extract of Cassia sieberiana Dc in Wistar Albino Rats

Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.9734/ajbgmb/2021/v7i330177 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

Jude Nwaogu ◽

Ibrahim Babangida Abubakar ◽

Esther Omolade Olaosebikan

Keyword(s):

Activated Charcoal ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Cardiac Glycosides ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Gastrointestinal Transit ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Standard Methods ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating the antidiarrhoeal effect methanol leaf extract of Cassia sieberiana. Methodology: The leaf extract of Cassia sieberiana was obtained by extraction using methanol and subjected to phytochemical screening using standard methods. The anti-diarrhoeal effect of methanol leaf extract of Cassia sieberiana DC was investigated in Wistar Albino rats. Results: The result of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, flavonoids and anthraquinoes. The methanol extract significantly (P<.05) reduced the number of unformed faeces in castor oil induced diarrhoea in the rats. It also significantly (P<.05) reduced the gastrointestinal transit of activated charcoal as well as enteropooling in the rats used for the experiment was significantly reduced (P<.05) in the groups treated with 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, the methanol leaf extract of Cassia sieberiana possess anti-diarrheal activity and therefore validates its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea.

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Effect of aqueous methanol extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruit on carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity in albino rats

Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources ◽

10.4314/jpb.v13i1.4 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Hassan B. Yesufu ◽

Garba T. Mohammed ◽

Salamat Amshi ◽

Abdul L. Siyaka ◽

Safiya Umar

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Aqueous Methanol

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Phytochemical screening and evaluation of the anti-diarrhoea properties of Diodia sarmentosa leaves in castor oil-induced diarrhoea in albino rats

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-03-2021-0093 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Stanley Ifeanyi Anyanwu-Azuka ◽

Gabriel Sunday Aloh ◽

Winner Oyidiya Kalu ◽

Chinedum Eleazu

Keyword(s):

Castor Oil ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Negative Control ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Content Type ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Motile Activity ◽

Standard Techniques

Purpose This study aims to report the phytochemical screening and anti-diarrhoea properties of methanol extract of Diodia sarmentosa Swartz (DSS) leave (at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) in albino rats. Design/methodology/approach Three types of diarrhoea models (castor oil-induced diarrhoea, castor oil-induced gastrointestinal motility and castor oil-induced enteropooling), as well as an assay for serum and faecal electrolyte concentrations, were used. Acute toxicity study and phytochemical screening of the extract were carried out using standard techniques. Findings The percentage inhibition of diarrhoea by DSS 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg was obtained as 25.7%, 55% and 84.6%, respectively, compared with loperamide that had 87.6% inhibition. DSS dose dependently modulated the number and frequency of defecation, the weight of the faeces of the diarrhoea rats, the distance that was travelled by charcoal meal, mean differences in the full lengths of the intestines and the distance travelled by charcoal meal, weight and volume of intestinal contents, serum and faecal concentrations of potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, bicarbonate, iron and zinc relative to the negative control and in a manner akin to loperamide (for the extract at 600 mg/kg). DSS or loperamide attenuated the loss of calcium in the faeces of the rats. DSS possesses anti-diarrhoea properties, which may be attributed to the phytochemicals in it. Finally, the study showed the safety in the usage of DSS. Originality/value DSS exerted its anti-diarrhoea action in castor oil-induced diarrhoea rats, by modulating their intestinal secretory and motile activity in a manner akin to loperamide (for DSS at 600 mg/kg).

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Contraceptive Activity of Vitex doniana Stem Bark Methanol Extract in Female Albino Rats

International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review ◽

10.9734/ijbcrr/2021/v30i330254 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Angela Nnenna Ukwuani-Kwaja ◽

Ibrahim Sani ◽

Abdulhamid Zubairu

Keyword(s):

Methanol Extract ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Control Serum ◽

Stem Bark Extract ◽

Vitex Doniana ◽

Hormonal Assay

Aims: The acceptability and accessibility of modern contraceptive drugs are limited especially in northern Nigeria. These contraceptives also have numerous side effects hence there is need to search for safe natural alternatives from medicinal plants. This research was aimed at evaluating the contraceptive effect of stem bark methanol extract of Vitex doniana in female albino rats. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Between August 2019 to July 2020. Methodology: Vitex doniana stem bark was extracted with methanol and the extract was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening. Acute toxicity (LD50) of V. doniana stem bark extract was determined using up and down method and anti-fertility effect was evaluated via (anti-ovulation, anti-implantation and serum hormonal assay). Results: The results for phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, glycoside, balsam and volatile oil. The LD50 of the extract was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg as no mortality or any sign of toxicity are recorded within 14 days. The anti-fertility studies, methanol stem bark extract of Vitex doniana showed anti-ovulation activity through alteration of estrous cycle, changes in the histology of ovarian corpus luteum and decreasing number of follicles of extract treatment groups compared to control. Serum hormonal assay showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in oestrogen and progesterone level respectively in the extract treated groups compared to control group. Also, anti-implantation effect was observed in drug treated group (levenogesterel) and group treated with 400 mg/kg of V. doniana stem bark as there was no evidence of conception. Conclusion: The present study revealed that methanol stem bark extract of Vitex doniana is relatively nontoxic at acute dose and possess a moderate amount of antifertility agent.

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Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Various Extracts of Aerial Parts of Rhanterium epapposum

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9081351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1351

Author(s):

Saravanan Rajendrasozhan ◽

Hani El Moll ◽

Mejdi Snoussi ◽

Ramy M. Romeilah ◽

Emad A. Shalaby ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Phytochemical Content ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

Rhanterium epapposum, native to the Arabian Peninsula, is traditionally used to cure skin infections. The objective is to screen the phytochemical content and antimicrobial activity of aqueous, methanol and 80% methanol extracts of aerial parts of R. epapposum. The phytochemical screening of aqueous, methanolic, and 80% methanol extracts of R. epapposum was conducted using gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were assessed by well diffusion and microdilution methods. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol in all three extracts, whereas ethanol, 2-methoxy-, acetate; n-hexadecanoic acid; and 2,3-butanediol are present in higher amount exclusively in the methanol, 80% methanol and aqueous extracts of the aerial parts of R. epapposum, respectively. The highest antibacterial activity was shown by the aqueous extract S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. cloacae, and K. pneumoniae, methanolic extract against S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and E. coli, and 80% methanol extract against S. epidermidis, and S. paucimobilis. Interestingly, 80% methanol extracts showed the highest antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. guillermondii, C. vaginalis, C. utilis, and C. tropicalis. The aerial parts of R. epapposum showed broad-spread antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Especially, the 80% methanol extract showed potent antifungal activity against all the tested fungal strains.

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