scholarly journals Effects of sitagliptin on blood glucose, lipids, pancreatic β cell secretory function and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Song Wenrong ◽  
Zhang Lei ◽  
Pan Zaoxia ◽  
Ding Mingyan ◽  
Luo Baochang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Β Cell

scholarly journals Bisphenol A and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Epidemiologic, Functional, and Early Life Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 716
Author(s):  
Francesca Farrugia ◽  
Alexia Aquilina ◽  
Josanne Vassallo ◽  
Nikolai Paul Pace
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by insulin resistance and eventual pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, resulting in persistent high blood glucose levels. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as bisphenol A (BPA) are currently under scrutiny as they are implicated in the development of metabolic diseases, including T2DM. BPA is a pervasive EDC, being the main constituent of polycarbonate plastics. It can enter the human body by ingestion, through the skin, and cross from mother to offspring via the placenta or breast milk. BPA is a xenoestrogen that alters various aspects of beta cell metabolism via the modulation of oestrogen receptor signalling. In vivo and in vitro models reveal that varying concentrations of BPA disrupt glucose homeostasis and pancreatic β-cell function by altering gene expression and mitochondrial morphology. BPA also plays a role in the development of insulin resistance and has been linked to long-term adverse metabolic effects following foetal and perinatal exposure. Several epidemiological studies reveal a significant association between BPA and the development of insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis, although conflicting findings driven by multiple confounding factors have been reported. In this review, the main findings of epidemiological and functional studies are summarised and compared, and their respective strengths and limitations are discussed. Further research is essential for understanding the exact mechanism of BPA action in various tissues and the extent of its effects on humans at environmentally relevant doses.

scholarly journals Comparison of Changes in Blood Glucose, Insulin Resistance Indices, and Adipokine Levels in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Subjects With Morbid Obesity After Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding

Medicina ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Vaidotas Urbanavičius ◽  
Tomas Abalikšta ◽  
Gintautas Brimas ◽  
Agnė Abraitienė ◽  
Laima Gogelienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gastric Banding ◽  
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding ◽  
Adjustable Gastric Banding ◽  
Morbidly Obese

Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate blood glucose, insulin resistance indices, and adipokine (leptin and adiponectin) levels in morbidly obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and to compare the changes in these parameters 1 year after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding surgery. Material and Methods. In total, 103 patients (37 subjects with and 66 subjects without type 2 diabetes mellitus) were studied preoperatively and again 1 year after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Results. One year after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, the leptin concentrations decreased significantly in both treatment groups, while the adiponectin levels increased significantly in the nondiabetic patients (11.19 μg/mL [SD 7.20] vs. 15.58 μg/mL [SD 7.8], P=0.003) and tended to increase in the group of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (8.98 μg/mL [SD 6.80] vs. 13.01 μg/mL [SD 12.14], P>0.05). A considerable decrease in the insulin resistance indices was noted in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus 1 year after the intervention, and it was followed by a partial or complete remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus in 23 (85.19%) of the 27 investigated diabetic patients. The postoperative insulin resistance indices in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus became similar to the values in the nondiabetic subjects. Conclusions. Weight loss after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is associated with a significant increase in adiponectin secretion in nondiabetic morbidly obese patients and with improvement in adiponectin secretion in type 2 diabetes individuals. In subjects with type 2 diabetes, this surgical intervention results in a significant reduction in blood glucose and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect and Mechanism of the Purified Anthraquinone-Glycoside Preparation from Rheum Palmatum L. on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Rong Cheng ◽  
Hong-Xin Cui ◽  
Ji-Li Fang ◽  
Ke Yuan ◽  
Ying Guo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Group ◽  
Rheum Palmatum

Rheum palmatum L. is a traditional Chinese medicine with various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and detoxification effects. In this study, the mechanism of the hypoglycemic effect of purified anthraquinone-Glycoside from Rheum palmatum L. (PAGR) in streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat diet induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rats was investigated. The rats were randomly divided into normal (NC), T2DM, metformin (Met), low, middle (Mid), and high (Hig) does of PAGR groups. After six weeks of continuous administration of PAGR, the serum indices and tissue protein expression were determined, and the pathological changes in liver, kidney, and pancreas tissues were observed. The results showed that compared with the type 2 diabetes mellitus group, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels in the serum of rats in the PAGR treatment groups were significantly decreased, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels were noticeably increased. The expression of Fas ligand (FasL), cytochrome C (Cyt-c), and caspase-3 in pancreatic tissue was obviously decreased, and the pathological damage to the liver, kidney, and pancreas was improved. These indicate that PAGR can reduce oxidative stress in rats with diabetes mellitus by improving blood lipid metabolism and enhancing their antioxidant capacity, thereby regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway to inhibitβ-cell apoptosis and improve β-cell function. Furthermore, it can regulate Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis signaling pathway to inhibit β-cell apoptosis, thereby lowering blood glucose levels and improving T2DM.

scholarly journals Appropriate therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus in view of pancreatic β-cell glucose toxicity: “the earlier, the better”

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Kaneto ◽  
Taka-aki Matsuoka ◽  
Tomohiko Kimura ◽  
Atsushi Obata ◽  
Masashi Shimoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Toxicity ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Cell Glucose

scholarly journals Reduction of islet pyruvate carboxylase activity might be related to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Agouti-K mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Han ◽  
Y Q Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Pyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Adaptation ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) activity is enhanced in the islets of obese rats, but it is reduced in the islets of type 2 diabetic rats, suggesting the importance of PC in β-cell adaptation to insulin resistance as well as the possibility that PC reduction might lead to hyperglycemia. However, the causality is currently unknown. We used obese Agouti mice (AyL) as a model to show enhanced β-cell adaptation, and type 2 diabetic db/db mice as a model to show severe β-cell failure. After comparison of the two models, a less severe type 2 diabetic Agouti-K (AyK) mouse model was used to show the changes in islet PC activity during the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AyK mice were separated into two groups: mildly (AyK-M, blood glucose <250 mg/dl) and severely (AyK-S, blood glucose >250 mg/dl) hyperglycemic. Islet PC activity, but not protein level, was increased 1.7-fold in AyK-M mice; in AyK-S mice, islet PC activity and protein level were reduced. All other changes including insulin secretion and islet morphology in AyK-M mice were similar to those observed in AyL mice, but they were worse in AyK-S mice where these parameters closely matched those in db/db mice. In 2-day treated islets, PC activity was inhibited by high glucose but not by palmitate. Our findings suggest that islet PC might play a role in the development of T2DM where reduction of PC activity might be a consequence of mild hyperglycemia and a cause for severe hyperglycemia.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Preceded by β-Cell Dysfunction, Insulin Resistance, or Both in Older Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 177 (12) ◽  
pp. 1418-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
Kenneth J. Mukamal ◽  
James B. Meigs ◽  
José A. Luchsinger ◽  
Joachim H. Ix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Dysfunction

scholarly journals Effects of Encapsulated Propolis on Blood Glycemic Control, Lipid Metabolism, and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajing Li ◽  
Minli Chen ◽  
Hongzhuan Xuan ◽  
Fuliang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Density Lipoprotein

The present study investigates the encapsulated propolis on blood glycemic control, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. The animal characteristics and biological assays of body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), insulin act index (IAI), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique were used to determine these effects. Our findings show that oral administration of encapsulated propolis can significantly inhibit the increasing of FBG and TG in T2DM rats and can improve IAI and M value in euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp experiment. There was no significant effects on body weight, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C in T2DM rats treated with encapsulated propolis. In conclusion, the results indicate that encapsulated propolis can control blood glucose, modulate lipid metabolism, and improve the insulin sensitivity in T2DM rats.

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