Naturally-Occurring Estrogens in Plant Foodstuffs - A Review

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHEY VERDEAL ◽  
DALE S. RYAN
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Growth Stimulant ◽  
Resorcylic Acid Lactones

A number of non-steroidal estrogenic substances are common naturally-occurring constituents of human foods. Concern over dietary estrogens has focused largely on the consumption of trace amounts of diethylstilbestrol (DES) from tissues of cattle fed the compound as a growth stimulant. Human exposure to naturally-occurring fungal and phytoestrogens in foods is, however, substantially larger than exposure to DES in animal tissues. Occurrence, potency and toxicity of the estrogenic isoflavones, coumestans and resorcylic acid lactones are reviewed.

Review Lecture - The prostaglandins

1972 ◽  
Vol 182 (1069) ◽  
pp. 411-426 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Monocarboxylic Acid ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cyclopentane Ring ◽  
Derivatives Of

Discovery ‘Prostaglandin’ was discovered in the 1930s by Professor U. S. von Euler of Stockholm during a search for adrenaline in animal tissues (Euler 1934, 1936). Developments were slow in this field at first, partly because of the lack of chemical methods for the purification of lipid-soluble substances. Isolation of two prosta­glandins (PGE 1 and PGF 1α ) was achieved in 1959 by Bergström & Sjövall (1960 a, b ). They and their colleagues (Bergström, Ryhage, Samuelsson & Sjövall 1963) showed that prostaglandins are a family of closely-related substances, all derivatives of the parent compound, prostanoic acid. Chemical structure Prostanoic acid is a fully saturated, twenty carbon monocarboxylic acid con­taining a cyclopentane ring (figure 1). This compound is not a naturally occurring substance but forms the basis for the nomenclature of the prostaglandins. How­ever, in the laboratory, trivial names and abbreviations are more frequently used.

Resorcylic acid lactones (RALs) and their structural congeners: recent advances in their biosynthesis, chemical synthesis and biology

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (22) ◽  
pp. 17803-17873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandan Jana ◽  
Samik Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Resorcylic Acid Lactones

Resorcylic acid lactones (RALs) are naturally occurring 14-membered macrolactones that constitute a class of polyketides derived from fungal metabolites and that possess significant and promising biological activity.

Naturally Occurring Asbestos: Potential for Human Exposure, Southern Nevada, USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 2192-2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda J. Buck ◽  
Dirk Goossens ◽  
Rodney V. Metcalf ◽  
Brett McLaurin ◽  
Minghua Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Southern Nevada ◽  
Naturally Occurring Asbestos

scholarly journals HUMAN EXPOSURE TO THE ARTIFICIAL RADIONUCLIDES IN ENVIRONMENT

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Ivana Vukanac ◽  
◽  
Aleksandar Kandić ◽  
Mirjana Đurašević ◽  
Bojan Šešlak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Artificial Radioactivity ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Artificial Radionuclides ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Nuclear Weapon Tests

Artificial radionuclides are product of different human activities and their presence in the environment is negative side effect of civilization progress. They have been spread in the environment by events such as nuclear weapon tests, nuclear accidents and by deliberate and negligent discharge of radioactive waste from nuclear and other installation. Once released in to the nature, the artificial radionuclides start to circle in the same manner as naturally occurring ones, and finally they fall out from air and water onto the ground and build into the foodstuff and drinking water resulting in radiation doses to human beings. The short overview of presence of artificial radioactivity in human environment and its impact on human life is presented in this paper

Naturally occurring asbestos: potential for human exposure, San Severino Lucano (Basilicata, Southern Italy)

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bloise ◽  
Manuela Catalano ◽  
Teresa Critelli ◽  
Carmine Apollaro ◽  
Domenico Miriello
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Naturally Occurring Asbestos

Arsenic: A Global Environmental Challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Yi Chen ◽  
Max Costa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Global Disease Burden ◽  
Environmental Challenge

Arsenic is a naturally occurring metalloid and one of the few metals that can be metabolized inside the human body. The pervasive presence of arsenic in nature and anthropogenic sources from agricultural and medical use have perpetuated human exposure to this toxic and carcinogenic element. Highly exposed individuals are susceptible to various illnesses, including skin disorders; cognitive impairment; and cancers of the lung, liver, and kidneys. In fact, across the globe, approximately 200 million people are exposed to potentially toxic levels of arsenic, which has prompted substantial research and mitigation efforts to combat this extensive public health issue. This review provides an up-to-date look at arsenic-related challenges facing the global community, including current sources of arsenic, global disease burden, arsenic resistance, and shortcomings of ongoing mitigation measures, and discusses potential next steps.

scholarly journals HEAVY METAL POLLUTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN TIRUCHENDUR TALUK AND SRIVAIKUNDAM TALUK

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-265
Author(s):  
Esther Isabella Eucharista
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Atomic Weight ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Zn Concentration

Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight than that of water. Their multiple industrial, domestic, agricultural, medical and technological applications have led to their wide distribution in the environment; raising concerns over their potential effects on human health and the environment. The maximum Zn concentration was noticed in the year 2012 as 24.47±0.57µg/l in the water bodies of Tiruchendur and Srivaikundam taluk at station X. The highest Zn concentration was obtained in the water sediments as 272.33±5.01 µg/g at station 1 in the year 2012 and the concentration was high in the phytoplankton as 34.314±4.239 µg/g at station V in the year 2011. During the year 2012, the cu was found high as 22.53±15.70 µg/l at station III in the water bodies. In the sediments it was high as 63.03±13.85 µg/l at station XI during 2011. In the phytoplankton the maximum concentration was noticed at station VIII as 13.564±2.797 µg/g during 2011. During the year 2011 the highest concentration of Pb was emphasized at station VI as 11.31±1.63 µg/l in the water bodies. In the water sediments it was high at station V as 64.11±11.96 µg/g during 2011. In the phytoplankton, the concentration was measured highest at station II as 4.343±0.976 µg/g dry weight in the year 2012. All the heavy metals such as Zn, Cu and Pb were exceeded the Shale reference background value. This review provides an analysis of their environmental occurrence and potential for human exposure.

scholarly journals Non-target toxicity of novel insecticides

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedran Mužinić ◽  
Davor Želježić
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Neem Tree ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Derivatives Of

AbstractHumans have used insecticides since ancient times. The spectrum and potency of available insecticidal substances has greatly expanded since the industrial revolution, resulting in widespread use and unforeseen levels of synthetic chemicals in the environment. Concerns about the toxic effects of these new chemicals on non-target species became public soon after their appearance, which eventually led to the restrictions of use. At the same time, new, more environmentally-friendly insecticides have been developed, based on naturally occurring chemicals, such as pyrethroids (derivatives of pyrethrin), neonicotinoids (derivatives of nicotine), and insecticides based on the neem tree vegetable oil (Azadirachta indica), predominantly azadirachtin. Although these new substances are more selective toward pest insects, they can still target other organisms. Neonicotinoids, for example, have been implicated in the decline of the bee population worldwide. This review summarises recent literature published on non-target toxicity of neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, and neem-based insecticidal substances, with a special emphasis on neonicotinoid toxicity in honeybees. We also touch upon the effects of pesticide combinations and documented human exposure to these substances.

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