Antimycotic and Antiaflatoxigenic Activity of Oregano (Origanum vulgare, L.) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris, L.)

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 697-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SALMERON ◽  
R. JORDANO ◽  
R. POZO
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

Oregano and thyme, ground and sterilized with ethylene oxide, were added to culture broths YES (yeast extract sucrose) so that the final concentrations of the herbs were 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4%. The broths were inoculated with a spore suspension of Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus and incubated at 25°C for 4, 7, 10, 14, and 21 d. Then, the growth of the cultures as mycelium dry weight and the production of aflatoxins (B1 and G1) by fluorimetry, after separation by thin layer chromatography (TLC), were determined. Although oregano and thyme stimulate the growth of both strains of molds, at the same time they act as antiaflatoxigenics.

EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF AFLATOXIN ON BRICK CHEESE1

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 585-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Shih ◽  
E. H. Marth
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Brick cheese was placed in plastic containers and all surfaces except the top were sealed with wax. The top was inoculated with Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus parasiticus and cheese was incubated in a humid chamber at 7.2, 12.8, and 23.9 C for up to 14 weeks after mold growth was evident. After incubation each cheese was cut horizontally into four layers, each approximately 1 cm thick. Each layer of cheese was extracted with a monophasic-biphasic solvent system (chloroform, methanol, and water). The extract was purified, concentrated, and aflatoxins were measured by thin-layer chromatography and fluorometry. No aflatoxins were produced by either mold at 7.2 C. At 12.8 C, A. parastticus developed aflatoxins B1 and G1 after 1 week of incubation. Aflatoxin produced by this mold persisted through 4 weeks of storage and then was not detectable. Aspergillus flavus did not form aflatoxin at 12.8 C. Both molds produced aflatoxin on cheese at 23.9 C; A. parasiticus did so after 1 week and A. flavus after 14 weeks. In some instances, aflatoxin was found in cheese 4 cm from the surface. It is reasonable to assume that cheese will not become contaminated with aflatoxin if the food is held at or below 7 C.

Simplified Method for Microscale Production and Quantification of Aflatoxin in Broth1

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 526-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEI-YUN J. TSAI ◽  
JIMMY D. LAMBERT ◽  
LLOYD B. BULLERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Tlc Plates ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

A simplified method for aflatoxin production studies is described. The mold was cultured in 4-dram (15 ml) vials containing 5 ml of yeast extract sucrose broth, and aflatoxin levels were determined by direct spotting of the broth on thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates and quantitating by spectrodensitometry. Equivalent levels of aflatoxins were produced in vials as compared to flasks. When compared to conventional TLC after solvent extraction, direct spotting was rapid, economical and statistically equivalent. Heating broth cultures (121°C, 15 s) before TLC improved the release of aflatoxin from mycelial mats. Aflatoxins were unstable in YES broth during 3 months of frozen storage.

Resin production and glandular hairs in Beyeria viscosa (Labill.) Miq. (Euphorbiaceae)

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Dell ◽  
AJ Mccomb
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Young Leaf ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Glandular Hairs ◽  
Resin Layer ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Leaves of Beyeria viscosa secrete resin with components related to the gibberellins. Two-celled glandular hairs are well developed on the young leaf, and are coated with a thick layer of resin, which makes up almost half the dry weight associated with the young leaf. Plastids of the glandular hairs have poorly developed internal membranes but are enveloped in tubules, apparently derived from endoplasmic reticulum. As the leaf expands, resin secretion ceases; the resin layer is torn apart and is seen largely as caps over the hairs. Resin accounts for some 20% of the dry weight associated with the mature leaf. Resin components also accumulate in the epidermis and certain mesophyll cells. No significant changes take place in the chemistry of the secreted components as the leaves mature, as seen by thin-layer chromatography.

Determination of α-, β and γ-Amanitin by High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography in Amanita phalloides (Vaill. ex Fr.) Seer, from Various Origin

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1133-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjakko Stijve ◽  
Ruth Seeger
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Amanita Phalloides ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Layer Chromatography

A fast, sensitive high performance thin-layer chromatographic method for the determination of α-, β-, and γ-amanitin in crude, methanolic extracts of Amanita phalloides is described. The limit of detection is 50 ng of each amanitin. With this method amanitin was determined in 24 pooled samples of Amanita phalloides, collect­ed between 1970 and 1977 in Germany and Switzerland. The total amanitin content varied be­tween 2010 and 7300 mg/kg dry weight and the average value was 4430 mg/kg of which 43% was α-amanitin, 49% β-amanitin and 8% γ-amanitin. The origin of the fungi hardly influenced their amanitin content: in samples collected during the same year at different sites it fluctuated within a factor of 1.7. The amanitin content of samples from the same site, but collected in different years, maximally varied within a factor of 3.7. The partial decomposition of amanitins during prolonged storage of the lyophilized samples undoubtedly contributed to this variation. Phalloidin, which was determined by conventional thin-layer-chromatography, could not be de­tected in a sample from 1970, whereas its concentration in material collected during 1977 amount­ed to 2400 mg/kg dry weight. The toxicity of the samples (LD50 of lyophilized defatted methanolic extracts intravenously for mice) varied within a factor of 2.5.

Aspergillus parasiticus Growth and Aflatoxin Synthesis on Florunner Peanuts Grown in Gypsum-Supplemented Soil

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 593-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
CINDY L. C. REDING ◽  
MARK A. HARRISON ◽  
CRAIG K. KVIEN
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Five levels of gypsum supplementation (0, 550, 1100, 2200, and 4400 kg ha−1) were applied to peanut fields 35 d after planting. After the growing season, peanuts were harvested, ground, and inoculated with 1 × 107 Aspergillus parasiticus (NRRL 5139) conidia. After 14 d at 25°C, aflatoxin was extracted and quantified by thin-layer chromatography. Fungal growth was assayed using a modified chitin assay. Peanuts from gypsum-supplemented fields at each level of supplementation supported significantly less aflatoxin production when compared to control peanuts (no calcium supplementation). Results from the chitin assay showed a decrease in fungal biomass which correlated with the decreased aflatoxin synthesis.

Lipids in Sphagnum mosses of various ages

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1335-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Karunen ◽  
Heikki Mikola ◽  
Reino Linko ◽  
Erkki K. Euranto
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Wax Esters ◽  
Sphagnum Mosses ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Sphagnum Fuscum ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The lipid content in the annual increments of different ages (1 to 5 years) of Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) Klinggr., S. angustifolium (Russow) C. Jens., and S. papillosum Lindb. has been determined by thin-layer chromatography. It was highest in the youngest portion of the moss shoot, ranging from 4.8 to 5.2% of the dry weight and decreased with increasing age to about 40–60% of the original value.The main lipid fractions of the youngest section, the capitulum, of the S. fuscum shoot were steryl and wax esters, triglycerides, and more polar lipids and accounted for 0.4, 0.3, and 3.5%, respectively, of the dry weight. The amounts of these lipids were found to decrease during senescence at independent rates.

scholarly journals Investigations on carotenoids in Embryophyta. IV. The presence of apocarotenals in peatmosses

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bazyli Czeczuga
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Β Carotene

By means of column and thin-layer chromatography, the author investigated tit presence of various carotenoids in stems of 3 species of the Sphagnum genus. Apocarotenals (β-apo-2', β-apo-10' -carotenal and apo-12' -violaxanthal) and the following carotenoids were found: α-, β-, ;-carotene, β-cryptoxantin, lutein, lutein epoxide, zeaxanthin, adonixanthin, antheroxanthin, rhodoxanthin, rubixanthin, neoxanthin, vio-laxanthin and mutatoxanthin. The total content of carotenoids ranged from 11.954 to 41.579 mg•g<sup>-1</sup> dry weight.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document