Metal Ions Reverse the Inhibitory Effects of Selected Food-Grade Phosphates in Staphylococcus aureus

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUBY M. LEE ◽  
PAUL A. HARTMAN ◽  
DENNIS G. OLSON ◽  
FRED D. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Sodium Polyphosphate ◽  
Early Exponential Phase ◽  
Bactericidal Effects

Previous studies showed that levels as low as 0.1% sodium ultraphosphate (UP), 0.1% sodium polyphosphate glassy (SPG) and 0.5% tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) were bactericidal and bacteriolytic to early-exponential phase cells of Staphylococcus aureus ISP40 8325. In the present study, Ca2+ (0.01 M) or Mg2+ (0.01 M) reversed the bacteriolytic effects of UP (0.1%) and SPG (0.1%) to S. aureus. In addition, Ca2+ (0.01 M) or Mg2+ (0.01 M), when added to the culture medium before inoculation, protected cells from growth inhibition by UP and SPG. Moreover, the bactericidal effects of UP or SPG were reversed by Ca2+ or Mg2+ in metal-rescue experiments in which the metals were added to polyphosphate-containing medium after 1 h of incubation. No additive effect existed between Mg2+ and Ca2+. Growth inhibition of TSPP was not reversed by Mg2+ or Ca2+, but it was reversed by Fe3+ when Fe3+ was added to protect cells 1 h before the addition of TSPP. These studies show that the antibacterial effects of phosphates can be altered substantially by the metal-ion content of the environment.

Note: Effect of Some Spice Extracts on Bacterial Inhibition

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Sagdic ◽  
A. G. Karahan ◽  
M. Ozcan ◽  
G. Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Mrs Broth

Eighteen extracts of spices commonly consumed worldwide and grown naturally in Turkey were tested against twenty three bacterial strains to compare their antibacterial effects with eleven antibiotics. Eight pathogens and fifteen lactobacilli isolated from chick intestine were used as the test microorganisms. Pathogens (six different Staphylococcus aureus strains, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Yersinia enterocolitica ATCC 1501) were grown in Nutrient broth and lactobacilli in MRS broth. Hop extracts formed inhibition zones against S. aureus strains of upto 36 mm. Inhibitory effects of hop extracts against S. aureuswere generally higher than that of erythromycin as antibiotic. Helichrysum compactum extract produced an inhibition zone of 23mm to E. coli ATCC 25922 and 26mm to Y. enterocolitica ATCC 1501. Helichrysum compactum extract inhibited the growth of Y. enterocolitica ATCC 1501 more than other spice extracts. While inhibition zones of these extracts against lactobacilli were found smaller than on S. aureus strains, inhibition zones of the same extracts against lactobacilli were found similar to those of E. coli ATCC 25922 and Y. enterocolitica ATCC 1501.

scholarly journals Spermicidal and Antibacterial Effects of Oncoba welwitschii Oliv. (Salicaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Odette N. Kabena ◽  
Naomie E. Nyakembe ◽  
Jean Jacques D. Amogu ◽  
Lionel S. Asamboa ◽  
Emmanuel M. Lengbiye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Vaginal Flora ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
The University ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Aim: The aim of this work is to evaluate the spermicidal, antimicrobial activity of Oncoba welwitchii Oliv. This will justify its use on reproductive health especially in the occurrence of infertility and the imbalance of vaginal flora. Carried out at the Department of Biology of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Kinshasa, between January and May 2019, this study was initiated to determine the effect of the use of O. welwitchii Oliv. on human spermatozoa and vaginal microorganisms. Methodology: The leaves of O. welwitchii Oliv. were collected and identified at University of Kinshasa. The spermicidal effect was performed by the Sander-Cramer method and antibacterial activity were evaluated by liquid dilution method. Results: The results revealed that the juice of the leaves of O. welwitchii Oliv. have a spermicidal effect, as this juice reduce the initial mobility of the spermatozoids after 60 minutes of the exposure from 72±12% to 1±2% and their initial viability from 74±11% to 10±18%. This juice has shown bacteriostatic effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (MBC/MIC > 4) and bactericidal effects against Lactobacilus acidophilus (MBC/MIC ≤ 4). Conclusion: This study gives additional information on the phytochemistry composition and a spermicidal effects of O. welwitchii Oliv. The spermicidal effects of this plant could be associated to its acidity. It should be noted that to the best of our knowledge, no study on the phytochemistry of O. welwitchii Oliv. is available in the literature.

scholarly journals In vitro activities of ciprofloxacin and rifampin alone and in combination against growing and nongrowing strains of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1293-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bahl ◽  
D A Miller ◽  
I Leviton ◽  
P Gialanella ◽  
M J Wolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

We characterized the effects of ciprofloxacin and rifampin alone and in combination on Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. The effects of drug combinations (e.g., indifferent, antagonistic, or additive interactions) on growth inhibition were compared by disk approximation studies and by determining the fractional inhibitory concentrations. Bactericidal effects in log-phase bacteria and in nongrowing isolates were characterized by time-kill methods. The effect of drug combinations was dependent upon whether or not cells were growing and whether killing or growth inhibition was the endpoint used to measure drug interaction. Despite bactericidal antagonism in time-kill experiments, our in vitro studies suggest several possible explanations for the observed benefits in patients treated with a combination of ciprofloxacin and rifampin for deep-seated staphylococcal infections. Notably, when growth inhibition rather than killing was used to characterize drug interaction, indifference rather than antagonism was observed. An additive bactericidal effect was observed in nongrowing bacteria suspended in phosphate-buffered saline. While rifampin antagonized the bactericidal effects of ciprofloxacin, ciprofloxacin did not antagonize the bactericidal effects of rifampin. Each antimicrobial prevented the emergence of subpopulations that were resistant to the other.

Antibacterial Effects of Different Food-Related Phosphates Using Aeromonas hydrophila

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIDIA del C. VELÁZQUEZ ◽  
MARÍA E. ESCUDERO ◽  
ANA MARÍA S. de GUZMÁN
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Ground Meat ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Early Exponential Phase ◽  
Bactericidal Effects

Aeromonas hydrophila is considered to be an emergent food-related bacterium. Phosphates are used as additives, mainly in meat products, to improve the quality of these foods. The antibacterial properties of phosphates are also well known. In this work, two A. hydrophila strains in early exponential phase were used: (A) A. hydrophila ATCC 7965 and (B) A. hydrophila derived from food, isolated in our laboratory. MIC and MBC studies were performed to assess the antibacterial effects of four phosphates assayed in brain heart infusion broth (BHI) and modified complete defined synthetic medium (mCDS) as compared to cooked ground meat medium (CM). The MBC values of the phosphates in CM were significantly higher than MIC values in BHI broth and mCDS medium (P < 0.05). In the two latter media, the growth of both A. hydrophila strains was totally inhibited by concentrations between 0.5 and 3.0%. Although all the assayed phosphates proved to have bactericidal effects on A. hydrophila, 0.5% sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) exhibited greater effects in both strains and was selected for subsequent experiments. The bacteriolytic effect of SAPP was spectrophotometrically determined (260 nm of absorbance) by means of the leakage of intracellular nucleotides and microscopically confirmed by the presence of massive gelatinous aggregates. These were identified by enzymes (RNase, DNase, and proteinase) that hydrolyzed the nucleotides and proteins released during cellular lysis in the presence of SAPP. It was concluded that 0.5% SAPP can have bactericidal and bacteriolytic effects in early exponential phase A. hydrophila cells.

scholarly journals Ionic and non-ionic intravenous X-ray contrast media: antibacterial agents?

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110198
Author(s):  
Frank Mosler ◽  
Johannes K Richter ◽  
Marc Schindewolf ◽  
Nando Mertineit ◽  
Hendrik von Tengg-Kobligk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Percutaneous Abscess Drainage ◽  
Ionic Contrast ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Free Iodine ◽  
The Subject

X-ray contrast media have been reported to have inhibitory effects on bacterial growth. Despite its potentially beneficial effect on patients, these features of contrast media have received relatively little attention in the medical literature in the past decades. The aim of this review is to evaluate the literature concerning the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of X-ray contrast media, specifically if there is a known difference concerning these effects between ionic and non-ionic contrast media. Systematic literature review was performed for the years of publication between 1911 and 2019. Since the publication of Grossich in 1911, the effect of iodine on the treatment of superficial infections in surgical procedures has been established clinical knowledge. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of ionic X-ray contrast media are well established. However, non-ionic contrast agents have been the subject of little research in this respect. In past decades, the hypothesis emerged in the literature that mainly the concentration of free iodine might be responsible for any bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect of ionic X-ray contrast media. Nowadays, however, only non-ionic contrast media are used. The question regarding the mechanism and magnitude of bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects of these, non-ionic contrast media, could not be answered conclusively from this review. Non-ionic contrast media could be used intentionally when a local antibacterial effect is intended (e.g. in percutaneous abscess drainage), as well as to reduce the overall dose of antibiotics administered to a patient. Thus, this question remains relevant and might constitute the area of future research.

scholarly journals Synergistic antibacterial combination of Lavandula latifolia Medik. essential oil with camphor

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nursenem Karaca ◽  
Görkem Şener ◽  
Betül Demirci ◽  
Fatih Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Lavandula Latifolia

AbstractCombination of various compounds and essential oils for pharmaceutical formulations withdraw attention. In this present study, it was aimed to evaluate the in vitro potential synergistic antibacterial effect of Lavandula latifolia (spike lavender) essential oil with camphor by using the checkerboard method against the human pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. Pharmacopoeia quality L. latifolia essential oil and racemic camphor were analyzed and verified by GC-FID and GC/MS, simultaneously. In vitro antibacterial activity of essential oil and camphor (MIC range: 0.16–20 mg/mL) and standard antimicrobial clarithromycin (MIC range: 0.125–16 μg/mL) were carried out by broth microdilution against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes standard strains, respectively. Resulting antibacterial effects were evaluated for their fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) as antagonistic, additive and synergistic effects. The analytical results showed that the major component of essential oil was linalool (45.2%) and 1,8-cineole (25.6%). Antibacterial effects of essential oil were determined as MIC 1.25–5 mg/mL. As a result of the experiments, L. latifolia essential oil–camphor combinations were identified as “synergistic (FIC ≤ 0.5), and additive (0.5 < FIC ≤ 1)” in the respective combinations, suggesting further evaluation for formulations for potential antimicrobial applications in food and pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals In VitroActivities of Daptomycin-, Vancomycin-, and Teicoplanin-Loaded Polymethylmethacrylate against Methicillin-Susceptible, Methicillin-Resistant, and Vancomycin-Intermediate Strains of Staphylococcus aureus

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 5480-5484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhan Chang ◽  
Wen-Chien Chen ◽  
Pang-Hsin Hsieh ◽  
Dave W. Chen ◽  
Mel S. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cements loaded with daptomycin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin against methicillin-susceptibleStaphylococcus aureus(MSSA), methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), and vancomycin-intermediateStaphylococcus aureus(VISA) strains. Standardized cement specimens made from 40 g PMMA loaded with 1 g (low-dose), 4 g (middle-dose) or 8 g (high-dose) antibiotics were tested for elution characteristics and antibacterial activities. The patterns of release of antibiotics from the cement specimens were evaluated usingin vitrobroth elution assay with high-performance liquid chromatography. The activities of broth elution fluid against differentStaphylococcus aureusstrains (MSSA, MRSA, and VISA) were then determined. The antibacterial activities of all the tested antibiotics were maintained after being mixed with PMMA. The cements loaded with higher dosages of antibiotics showed longer elution periods. Regardless of the antibiotic loading dose, the teicoplanin-loaded cements showed better elution efficacy and provided longer inhibitory periods against MSSA, MRSA, and VISA than cements loaded with the same dose of vancomycin or daptomycin. Regarding the choice of antibiotics for cement loading in the treatment ofStaphylococcus aureusinfection, teicoplanin was superior in terms of antibacterial effects.

scholarly journals Manipulation of Autophagy in Phagocytes Facilitates Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 3445-3457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M. O'Keeffe ◽  
Mieszko M. Wilk ◽  
John M. Leech ◽  
Alison G. Murphy ◽  
Maisem Laabei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Intracellular Survival ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Direct Killing

The capacity for intracellular survival within phagocytes is likely a critical factor facilitating the dissemination ofStaphylococcus aureusin the host. To date, the majority of work onS. aureus-phagocyte interactions has focused on neutrophils and, to a lesser extent, macrophages, yet we understand little about the role played by dendritic cells (DCs) in the direct killing of this bacterium. Using bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), we demonstrate for the first time that DCs can effectively killS. aureusbut that certain strains ofS. aureushave the capacity to evade DC (and macrophage) killing by manipulation of autophagic pathways. Strains with high levels of Agr activity were capable of causing autophagosome accumulation, were not killed by BMDCs, and subsequently escaped from the phagocyte, exerting significant cytotoxic effects. Conversely, strains that exhibited low levels of Agr activity failed to accumulate autophagosomes and were killed by BMDCs. Inhibition of the autophagic pathway by treatment with 3-methyladenine restored the bactericidal effects of BMDCs. Using anin vivomodel of systemic infection, we demonstrated that the ability ofS. aureusstrains to evade phagocytic cell killing and to survive temporarily within phagocytes correlated with persistence in the periphery and that this effect is critically Agr dependent. Taken together, our data suggest that strains ofS. aureusexhibiting high levels of Agr activity are capable of blocking autophagic flux, leading to the accumulation of autophagosomes. Within these autophagosomes, the bacteria are protected from phagocytic killing, thus providing an intracellular survival niche within professional phagocytes, which ultimately facilitates dissemination.

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