Reduction of Salmonella Crop and Cecal Colonization by a Characterized Competitive Exclusion Culture in Broilers during Grow-Out†

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 688-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL E. HUME ◽  
DONALD E. CORRIER ◽  
DAVID J. NISBET ◽  
JOHN R. DeLOACH
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Control Chick ◽  
Carcass Contamination ◽  
Culture Positive

Broiler chicks were inoculated by gavage on the day of hatch with a characterized continuous-flow (CF3) competitive-exclusion culture that contained 29 different bacterial isolates to determine the effects on Salmonella cecal and crop colonization during grow-out. Chicks at 3 days old were challenged by gavage with 104 Salmonella typhimurium. Propionic acid significantly increased (P ≤ 0.001) in the ceca of 3-day-old CF3-treated chicks compared to control chicks. Ceca from market-age control chickens in two trials contained log 2.6 and log 1.4 Salmonella CFU/g of cecal contents, respectively, while log 0.4 Salmonella CFU/g of cecal contents were detected in both trials in ceca from CF3-treated chickens. Percentages of Salmonella culture-positive ceca in the two trials, respectively, were 80% and 60% in controls and 27% in treated chickens in both trials. Crops from market-age control chickens in the two trials averaged log 0.7 Salmonella CFU/g of cecal contents, while crops from treated chickens averaged log 0.4 CFU/g of cecal contents. In trial 1, 60% of control chick crops and 27% of treated chick crops tested Salmonella culture positive. Litter contamination by Salmonella spp. at 5 weeks was reduced significantly (P ≤ 0.01) in pens of CF3-treated groups compared to litter from control pens. Results indicate that CF3 reduced cecal and crop colonization by S. typhimurium during grow-out, which may reduce the number of Salmonella cells entering the processing plant and decrease the potential for carcass contamination during processing.

Early Salmonella Challenge Time and Reduction in Chick Cecal Colonization Following Treatment with a Characterized Competitive Exclusion Culture†

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL E. HUME ◽  
DONALD E. CORRIER ◽  
DAVID J. NISBET ◽  
JOHN R. DELOACH
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Early Establishment

Broiler chicks were treated by oral gavage on the day of hatch with a continuous-flow competitive exclusion culture (PREEMPT). At 4 h, 1 day, or 2 days posttreatment, chicks were challenged by oral gavage with 102 or 104 Salmonella CFU to determine the effects of challenge time on Salmonella cecal colonization. Cecal propionic acid concentrations in two trials increased (P ≤ 0.001) within 1 day posttreatment in chicks given PREEMPT, and the increases were indicative of the establishment of the PREEMPT bacteria. Salmonella cecal populations decreased (P ≤ 0.001) on average 6 log10 units in these two trials in chicks challenged 4 h posttreatment with 104 Salmonella CFU. In a third trial propionic acid did not increase significantly until 2 days after treatment, and there was no decrease in Salmonella colonization when chicks were challenged at 4 h after treatment. However, there were decreases in that same trial when chicks were challenged at 1 and 2 days after treatment. The early establishment of PREEMPT followed by challenges with 102 and 104 Salmonella CFU resulted in 3% and 3%, respectively, of the ceca testing Salmonella-culture-positive, compared to 28% and 95%, respectively, culture-positive ceca in untreated chicks. The results ffom this study indicated that in most instances young broiler chicks can be protected against cecal colonization when challenged with 102 and 104 Salmonella CFU as early as 4 h posttreatment on the day of hatch with the PREEMPT bacteria.

Colonization of Broiler Chicks by Salmonella Typhimurium Definitive Phage Type 104

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1698-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULA J. FEDORKA-CRAY ◽  
SCOTT R. LADELY ◽  
J. STAN BAILEY ◽  
NORMAN J. STERN
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
And Control ◽  
Salmonella Senftenberg ◽  
Over Time

The prevalence of an antibiotic-resistant strain of Salmonella Typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (DT104) has increased dramatically in recent years resulting in increased morbidity and mortality in both animals and humans. Colonization and shedding of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 was studied in broiler chickens in two trials. In trial 1, 180 day-of-hatch chicks (n = 60 per group, n = 30 per replicate) were challenged with 106 CFU DT104 (wild-type isolate from poultry) or were commingled with a seeder chick challenged with 106 CFU DT104. In trial 2, 360 day-of-hatch chicks (n = 120 per treatment, n = 30 per rep) were divided into three groups. Chicks in the susceptible group were commingled with two seeder chicks that were orally challenged with 107 CFU/bird of a pan-sensitive strain of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. Chicks in the resistant group were commingled with two seeder chicks that were orally challenged with 107 CFU/bird DT104 used in trial 1. For both trials, a control group was not exposed to DT104, composite fecal samples were evaluated twice weekly for levels of Salmonella shedding and 20 chicks per group were necropsied weekly and their cecal contents were cultured. At hatch all groups were colonized with naturally occurring Salmonella Senftenberg and Salmonella Mbandaka (trial 1) or Salmonella Senftenberg and Salmonella Ohio (trial 2) prior to exposure to DT104. Throughout the study, the level of Salmonella spp. shedding in feces (trial 1 means 3.1, 2.9, and 3.0 log10 CFU per g feces for challenged, seeder, and control groups, respectively) or ceca (trial 2 means 2.9, 2.9, and 2.5 log10 CFU per g ceca for resistant, susceptible, and control groups, respectively)did not differ among groups. In trial 1, colonization of DT104 remained constant at higher levels in the challenged group (mean 87%, P < 0.01), increased over time in the seeder group (10 to 50%, P < 0.02) and was not recovered from the control chicks. Salmonella Mbandaka colonization remained steady within each group with challenge and seeder groups maintaining higher levels of colonization than the control group. Salmonella Senftenberg colonization levels tended to decline (P = .058) over time in the challenged group (20 to 0%) and significantly decreased (P < 0.01) over time for both the seeder (80 to 0%) and control chicks (85 to 10%). In trial 2, the percentage of chicks colonized with susceptible DT104 declined (r = 0.90, P < 0.05) over the course of the trial from 45 to 0%, while recovery of the resistant DT104 persisted at a mean percentage of 27%. DT104 was not recovered from the control chicks. Salmonella Ohio colonization levels tended to decline (r = 0.79, P > 0.05) over time in the control group (75 to 20%) and significantly decreased (P < 0.05) over time in both susceptible and resistant groups (40 to 10%, r = 0.82 and 55 to 5%, r = 0.85, respectively). Salmonella Senftenberg was recovered from the control group at low frequency throughout the trial and was not recovered from the other groups. For either trial, no apparent affect on morbidity or mortality was observed. Introduction of DT104 by commingling may induce colonization resulting in persistent high levels of shedding in flocks simultaneously with other Salmonella species.

Dosage Titration of a Characterized Competitive Exclusion Culture To Inhibit Salmonella Colonization in Broiler Chickens during Growout†

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 796-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD E. CORRIER ◽  
DAVID J. NISBET ◽  
JAMES A. BYRD ◽  
BILLY M. HARGIS ◽  
NANCY K. KEITH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Dosage Titration

Broiler chicks were spray treated on the day of hatch with titrated dosages (106, 107, or 108 anaerobic CFU) of a characterized competitive exclusion culture (CF3) and challenged orally on day 3 with 104 CFU of Salmonella typhimurium. On day 10, cecal contents from control and CF3-treated chicks were cultured for S. typhimurium to determine the minimal efficacious dosage of the CF3 culture. The experiment was repeated in three replicated trials. Resistance to Salmonella cecal colonization was dosage related and progressively enhanced at the 107- and 108-CFU dosages compared with the 106-CFU dosage. The 107-CFU dosage was selected as the minimal effective dosage and evaluated for efficacy during a 43-day broiler growout study. Six hundred broilers were spray treated on the day of hatch and compared with 600 Controls. One-half of the control and CF3-treated birds were challenged orally on day 3 with 104 CFU of S. typhimurium and designated “seeders.” The remaining unchallenged birds were designated “contacts.” Compared with the Controls, the recovery of Salmonella cells from the ceca of the CF3-treated broilers was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the challenged seeders on days 21 and 43 of growout. Salmonella contamination of floor pen litter was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in pens of CF3-treated birds compared with Controls. The transmission of Salmonella cells from seeder to contact birds in the same pens was decreased significantly (P < 0.01). The results indicated that treatment of broiler chicks on the day of hatch with the 107-CFU dosage of CF3 culture effectively increased resistance to S. typhimurium challenge during growout to market age.

Inhibition of In Vitro Salmonella Typhimurium Colonization in Porcine Cecal Bacteria Continuous-Flow Competitive Exclusion Cultures†

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. HUME ◽  
D. J. NISBET ◽  
S. A. BUCKLEY ◽  
R. L. ZIPRIN ◽  
R. C. ANDERSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Potential Usefulness ◽  
Feed Additive

Continuous-flow (CF) chemostate cultures were used as models to determine the potential usefulness of undefined porcine cecal bacteria as competitive exclusion (CE) cultures against colonization by Salmonella Typhimurium. One culture, pCF1, was derived from cecal bacteria of an animal maintained on antibiotic-free feed, while the other culture, pCF4, was derived from cecal bacteria of an animal maintained on feed containing chlortetracycline. The effectiveness against a chlortetracycline-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium was examined in CF cultures maintained in the absence (pCF1 and pCF4) and presence (cpCF1 and cpCF4) of chlortetracycline. CF cultures were inoculated with each of 102, 104, and 106 Salmonella Typhimurium CFU/ml. Chemostat inocula of 102 Salmonella CFU/ml resulted in no Salmonella Typhimurium being detected at 2 and 3 days postinoculation in pCF1 and pCF4, respectively, and after 2 days in both cpCF1 and cpCF4. Inoculations of 104 Salmonella Typhimurium CFU/ml resulted in clearance from pCF1 and pCF4 within 4 days and within 3 days from cpCF1 and cpCF4. Following inoculation with 106 CFU/ml, no Salmonella Typhimurium were detected in all CF cultures by 6 days postinoculation. The results indicated that in vitro CF cultures of porcine cecal bacteria were able to inhibit the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium. The ability to limit Salmonella Typhimurium growth was not restricted by prior exposure of the cecal bacteria to the feed additive chlortetracycline. The present study demonstrates the potential application of CF cultures as models to aid in the identification of CE cultures against salmonellosis in pigs.

scholarly journals Control of Salmonella typhimurium Colonization in Broiler Chicks with a Continuous-Flow Characterized Mixed Culture of Cecal Bacteria

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. CORRIER ◽  
D.J. NISBET ◽  
C.M. SCANLAN ◽  
A.G. HOLLISTER ◽  
J.R. DELOACH
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Broiler Chicks

Maintenance of the Biological Efficacy in Chicks of a Cecal Competitive-Exclusion Culture against Salmonella by Continuous-Flow Fermentation

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1279-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID J. NISBET ◽  
DONALD E. CORRIER ◽  
STEVEN C. RICKE ◽  
M. E. HUME ◽  
J. ALLEN BYRD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Original Culture ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

A competitive-exclusion culture was isolated by the continuous-flow culture of chicken cecal bacteria. The original continuous-flow culture and a continuous-flow culture derived from a lyophilized sample of it that had been stored for 180 days at −70°C were provided to day-old chicks. Experiments utilizing the original culture were performed after 5, 30, 100, and 365 days of continuous-flow conditions and the lyophilized culture after 5 days of continuous-flow culture. In all experiments chicks were challenged with 104 CFU of Salmonella typhimurium at 3 days of age. At 10 days of age the chicks were killed and cecal contents analyzed for fermentation parameters and for S. typhumurium colonization. Ten-day-old chicks provided with the original or the lyophilized culture had significantly increased cecal propionic acid (P < 0.05) and decreased Salmonella cecal colonization (P < 0.05) compared to untreated controls in all experiments. The results indicate that continuous-flow cultures can be used as a practical method to maintain competetive-exclusion cultures without loss of efficacy, and continuous-flow cultures stored in a lyophilized form can be reconstituted and still maintain efficacy.

scholarly journals Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium Cecal Colonisation and Improvement of Intestinal Health in Broilers Supplemented with Fermented Defatted ‘Alperujo’, an Olive Oil By-Product

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1931
Author(s):  
Agustín Rebollada-Merino ◽  
María Ugarte-Ruiz ◽  
Marta Hernández ◽  
Pedro Miguela-Villoldo ◽  
David Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Cecum Content ◽  
Carcass Contamination

Salmonella spp. contaminates egg and poultry meat leading to foodborne infections in humans. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains has limited the use of antimicrobials. We aimed to determine the effects of the food supplement, fermented defatted ‘alperujo’ (FDA), a modified olive oil by-product, on Salmonella Typhimurium colonisation in broilers. One hundred and twenty 1-day-old broilers were divided into four experimental groups—two control groups and two treated groups, and challenged with S. Typhimurium at day 7 or 21. On days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 of life, duodenum and cecum tissue samples were collected for histopathological and histomorphometric studies. Additionally, cecum content was collected for Salmonella spp. detection by culture and qPCR, and for metagenomic analysis. Our results showed a significant reduction of Salmonella spp. in the cecum of 42-day-old broilers, suggesting that fermented defatted ‘alperujo’ limits Salmonella Typhimurium colonization in that cecum and may contribute to diminishing the risk of carcass contamination at the time of slaughter. The improvement of the mucosal integrity, observed histologically and morphometrically, may contribute to enhancing intestinal health and to limiting Salmonella spp. colonisation in the host, mitigating production losses. These results could provide evidence that FDA would contribute to prophylactic and therapeutic measures to reduce salmonellosis prevalence in poultry farms.

Effect of a Characterized Continuous-Flow Culture of Cecal Bacteria on Salmonella typhimurium Crop Colonization in Broiler Chicks

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Hume ◽  
A. G. Hollister ◽  
D. J. Nisbet ◽  
D. E. Corrier ◽  
J. R. DeLoach
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Broiler Chicks

scholarly journals Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium Cecal Colonisation and Improvement of Intestinal Health in Broilers Supplemented with Fermented Defatted ‘Alperujo’, an Olive Oil By-Product

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Rebollada-Merino ◽  
María Ugarte-Ruiz ◽  
Marta Hernández ◽  
Pedro Miguela-Villoldo ◽  
David Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Cecum Content ◽  
Carcass Contamination

Salmonella spp. contaminates egg and poultry meat leading to foodborne infections in humans. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains limit the use of antimicrobials. We aimed to determine the effects of the food supplement, fermented defatted ‘alperujo’, a modified olive-oil by-product, on Salmonella Typhimurium colonisation in broilers. One hundred and twenty 1-day-old broilers were divided into four experimental groups: 2 control groups and 2 treated groups, and challenged with S. Typhimurium at day 7 or 21. On days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 of life, duodenum and caecum tissue samples were collected for histopathological and histomorphometric studies. Additionally, cecum content was collected for Salmonella spp. detection by culture and qPCR, and for metagenomic analysis. Our results showed a significant reduction of Salmonella spp. in the cecum of 42-day-old broilers, suggesting that fermented defatted ‘alperujo’ stimulates Salmonella Typhimurium clearance in that cecum and may contribute to diminishing the risk of carcass contamination at the time of slaughter. Additionally, the improvement of the mucosal integrity suggests that enhancing intestinal health helps to limit Salmonella spp. colonisation in the host, mitigating production losses. These results could provide evidence that FDA would contribute to prophylactic and therapeutic measures to reduce salmonellosis prevalence in poultry farms.

Inoculation of Broiler Chicks with a Continuous-Flow Derived Bacterial Culture Facilitates Early Cecal Bacterial Colonization and Increases Resistance to Salmonella typhimurium

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID J. NISBET ◽  
STEVEN C. RICKE ◽  
CHARLES M. SCANLAN ◽  
DONALD E. CORRIER ◽  
ALBERT G. HOLLISTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Cecal Microflora

Experiments were conducted to examine the effect of a continuous-flow (CF) derived bacterial culture and of dietary lactose on colonization level by anaerobic bacteria in the ceca of broiler chicks. Cecal facultative and strictly anaerobic bacteria colony forming units (CFU), total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), lactic and propionic acid concentrations in 3-d-old chicks, and cecal log10 Salmonella typhimurium colonization and propionic acid concentrations in 10-d-old chicks were measured. Treatment groups were control diet, 2% lactose diet, CF culture + control diet, and CF culture + 2% lactose diet. Groups inoculated with CF culture had decreased (P < 0.05) Salmonella in cecal contents at 10 d of age. The level of Salmonella protection was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with increased cecal bacteria CFU, TVFA, and propionic acid concentrations in 3-d-old chicks. Results indicated that inoculating newly hatched chicks with CF culture containing cecal microflora originally obtained from adult chickens, facilitates early cecal colonization by native cecal microflora, and this is associated with protection against Salmonella.

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