PENGARUH PEMBERIAN RANSUM KOMBINASI SUPLEMEN HERBAL DENGAN MINERAL ZINK TERHADAP JUMLAH LEUKOSIT, ERITROSIT, DAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN BROILER YANG DIINFEKSI ESCHERICHIA COLI

EFFECT OF COMBINATION BETWEEN HERBAL SUPPLEMENT AND ZINC MINERALS IN RATION ON TOTAL OF LEUCOCYT, ERYTHROCYTE, AND HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL IN BROILERS INFECTED BY ESCHERICHIA COLI. This experiment was conducted to study the combination of herbal material and zink in poultry diet on the leucocyte, erythrocyte and hemoglobin of broilers infected by the amount of Escherichia coli. Two hundred of unsexed d.o.c broilers were devided into five treatments and four replications in each treatment, with five chicks in each replicate. The treatments were basal diet as a negative control/ healhty chickens (R1), basal diet as a positive control, chick was infected by Escherichia coli (R2), basal diet + 1.5% turmeric powder + ZnO 180 ppm, chick was infected by Escherichia coli (R3) , basal diet + 2.5% garlic powder + ZnO 180 ppm,chick was infected by Escherichia coli (R4), and basal diet + antibiotic, chick was infected by Escherichia coli (R5). Data were collected during 35 days. Diet and water were offered ad libitum. The results of this research indicated that chicken fed basal diet + 1.5% turmeric powder + ZnO 180 ppm, chick was infected by Escherichia coli (R3) and chickens fed basal diet + 2.5% garlic powder +ZnO 180 ppm chick was infected by Escherichia coli (R4) showed the best leucocyte, erythrocyte and hemoglobin amount compared with control. Key words: Herbal supplement, zinc mineral, broiler performance.

Reduction of Salmonella Crop and Cecal Colonization by a Characterized Competitive Exclusion Culture in Broilers during Grow-Out†

Broiler chicks were inoculated by gavage on the day of hatch with a characterized continuous-flow (CF3) competitive-exclusion culture that contained 29 different bacterial isolates to determine the effects on Salmonella cecal and crop colonization during grow-out. Chicks at 3 days old were challenged by gavage with 104 Salmonella typhimurium. Propionic acid significantly increased (P ≤ 0.001) in the ceca of 3-day-old CF3-treated chicks compared to control chicks. Ceca from market-age control chickens in two trials contained log 2.6 and log 1.4 Salmonella CFU/g of cecal contents, respectively, while log 0.4 Salmonella CFU/g of cecal contents were detected in both trials in ceca from CF3-treated chickens. Percentages of Salmonella culture-positive ceca in the two trials, respectively, were 80% and 60% in controls and 27% in treated chickens in both trials. Crops from market-age control chickens in the two trials averaged log 0.7 Salmonella CFU/g of cecal contents, while crops from treated chickens averaged log 0.4 CFU/g of cecal contents. In trial 1, 60% of control chick crops and 27% of treated chick crops tested Salmonella culture positive. Litter contamination by Salmonella spp. at 5 weeks was reduced significantly (P ≤ 0.01) in pens of CF3-treated groups compared to litter from control pens. Results indicate that CF3 reduced cecal and crop colonization by S. typhimurium during grow-out, which may reduce the number of Salmonella cells entering the processing plant and decrease the potential for carcass contamination during processing.

Transient benzodiazepine – GABAA receptor increase after a passive avoidance learning in synaptosomal membranes from chick forebrain

One-day-old chicks were exposed to a one-time passive avoidance learning task. After chicks peck a bead dipped in a bitter-tasting liquid, they learn to stop pecking the bead. Radioligand binding analysis of [3H]flunitrazepam was performed on crude synaptosomal membranes from forebrains, at 10, 30, and 60 min post-training. Water-trained chicks (control) pecked a bead dipped in water, and they did not learn to stop pecking the bead. The water control was complemented with a methyl anthranilate fed control chick to demonstrate that taste per se does not affect the [3H]flunitrazepam binding. At 30 min in relation to 10 min post-training, the Bmax increased 31% in water-trained chicks and 56% in taste-trained chicks, with Bmax of the taste-trained chicks reaching a value 22% higher than that in water-trained chicks. The difference, attributable to the learning, disappeared at 60 min post-training, and at all times the affinity remained unchanged. The Bmax increase in water-trained chicks might be attributable to psychological stress accompanying the task and the Bmax increase in taste-trained chicks attributable to the learning in addition to the stress accompanying the task. The results suggest that the receptor increase associated with learning is involved in early stages of memory formation.Key words: chick learning, stress, chick forebrain, flunitrazepam binding.

Analyse expérimentale de la régulation du nombre des cellules germinales après déficience gonadique chez le poulet

Experimental study of the regulation of the number of germ cells following gonadial deficiency in the chick Colonization of the genital ridges by germ cells was quantitatively studied in control chick embryos killed at stages 25–29, and in embryos in which a surgical excision of the gonad presumptive area was made previously on the second day. In operated embryos which show a more or less perfect agenesis of one gonad, the number of germ cells counted in genital ridges is lower than the number of germ cells estimated in the same stages of control embryos. The deficit is greater for left gonadic agenesis. The decrease in the total number of germ cells is essentially due to a reduction in the cells colonizing the deficient gonad. There is no excess of germ cells observed in the control gonad. Accordingly, a right side operation strengthens the asymmetry of germ cells distribution, whereas a left side one reduces it. Thus, in birds the regulation of the number of germ cells and the quantitative control of colonisation of the gonads is at the gonad level.