scholarly journals Mucosal Competitive Exclusion to Reduce Salmonella in Swine

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1376-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULA J. FEDORKA-CRAY ◽  
J. STAN BAILEY ◽  
NORMAN J. STERN ◽  
NELSON A. COX ◽  
SCOTT R. LADELY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Log10 Reduction ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Intranasal Instillation

A mucosal competitive exclusion culture has been shown to reduce or eliminate Salmonella spp. in poultry. Using similar techniques, a mucosal competitive exclusion culture from swine (MCES) was produced from the cecum of a 6-week-old pig. Suckling pigs were inoculated with 5 ml of MCES by oral gavage within 6 h postfarrowing (PF) and again at 24 h PF. All pigs were challenged with 103 CFU of Salmonella Choleraesuis at 48 h PF by intranasal instillation, including pigs from two sows that had not been given MCES. Clinical signs and rectal swabs were monitored daily, and pigs were allowed to suckle throughout the experiment. All pigs underwent necropsy on day 7 PF, and presence of Salmonella was determined in both qualitative (10 tissues) and quantitative (two tissues) samples. Clinical signs were inapparent in all pigs throughout the experiment. Recovery of Salmonella from rectal swabs was variable. However, 28% of the gut tissues were positive from the MCES-treated pigs versus 79% from the control pigs. A 2- to 5-log10 reduction of Salmonella in the cecal contents or ileocolic junction was observed in the MCES-treated pigs when compared with the controls. These data indicate that use of MCES may be a useful approach for control of Salmonella.

Survival and Infectivity of Salmonella Choleraesuis in Swine Feces†

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 945-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY T. GRAY ◽  
PAULA J. FEDORKA-CRAY
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽  
Environmental Reservoir ◽  
Swine Feces

Many serotypes of Salmonella survive well in the environment. Conversely, it is believed that Salmonella Choleraesuis, the host-adapted serotype of swine, does not survive well outside the host. We examined the survival capability of Salmonella Choleraesuis in swine feces. Six pigs were infected with Salmonella Choleraesuis and feces were collected and pooled on days 2, 4, 7, and 10 postinoculation (PI). Feces were stored in a wet and a dry form, and survival was measured over 13 months. Salmonella Choleraesuis was recovered from wet feces through 3 months of storage. In a desiccated (dry) form, Salmonella Choleraesuis was recovered from at least 13 months. Salmonella Choleraesuis shed from swine prior to 4 days PI did not survive as well as that shed 4 days PI or later. We also examined the infectivity of Salmonella Choleraesuis resident in dry feces. Six- or 13-week-old pigs were inoculated with dry feces that had been stored either 2 months or 4 months, respectively. Pigs were inoculated either intranasally or by mixing dry feces with the swine ration. Although clinical signs were mild, Salmonella Choleraesuis was widely disseminated among the tissues of all the pigs inoculated. This study demonstrates that Salmonella Choleraesuis remains viable and infective in the environment. Therefore, contaminated fecal matter can serve as a reservoir for Salmonella Choleraesuis as well as other Salmonella spp. Control measures must consider this environmental reservoir as a source of new infections.

Effect of competitive exclusion on transmission of Salmonella choleraesuis between early weaned pigs

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Anderson ◽  
K. J. Genovese ◽  
R. B. Harvey ◽  
L. H. Stanker ◽  
N. K. Keith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis

scholarly journals Canine Cystitis Caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raylson Pereira De Oliveira ◽  
Débora Mirelly Sobral da Silva ◽  
Maria De Nazaré Santos Ferreira ◽  
Camila Maria Coutinho Moura ◽  
Rômulo Francelino Freitas Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Northeast Region

Background: Urinary tract infection in dogs is usually associated with the presence of bacteria, with a higher prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria, represented mainly by enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Proteus spp., followed by Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. There are scant reports of Salmonella spp. as the causative agent of urinary tract infection in dogs.  Indeed, the literature describes only a few cases, most of which involve the isolation of these bacteria in feces. This paper reports a case of canine cystitis caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in the northeast region of Brazil.Case: A female dog of the Fila Brasileiro breed, about 9 year-old, wormed but unvaccinated, was evaluated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Pernambuco – UFRPE.  The dog showed clinical signs of apathy, cachexia, polyphagia, polyuria and opacity of the crystalline lens. The dog’s owner stated that the animal was fed with commercial dog food. In the clinical exam, the patient presented pale mucosa, cachexia, absence of ectoparasites, and her rectal temperature was 39.5°C. Moreover, cardiorespiratory auscultation of the patient revealed tachycardia (190 bpm) and tachypnea (36 bpm). The owner’s main complaint was the clinical condition of frequent urination (polyuria). A urinalysis and urine culture with antibiogram were requested as complementary exams, after collecting the urine by cystocentesis. The volume obtained in the physical examination of urinalysis was 7 mL of yellow urine with a putrid smell, cloudy appearance and density of 1.024. The chemical examination revealed pH 6.5, protein (+++), bilirubin (+), normal urobilinogen and negative reactions for glycoses, ketone, nitrite and urine occult blood. Bacteriuria and pyuria were detected in a urine sediment test. Urine was cultured on blood agar and Levine agar in a bacteriological incubator at 37°C under aerobiosis, for 24 h. This culture produced an exuberant and pure growth of glossy grey bacterial colonies on blood agar and glossy colonies on Levine agar. The Gram test revealed gram-negative bacilli. The sample was subjected to biochemical tests to identify Gram-negative enterobacteria, whose results provided a presumptive identification of Salmonella species. The microbial species was identified using a VITEK 2 Compact®, and was followed by a serology test for the identification of the serogroup using a polyvalent serum, which enabled the identification of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. The antibiogram showed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and penicillin, and resistance to amoxicillin and ampicillin.Discussion: Clinical signs of cachexia and polyuria may be related to canine urinary tract infection caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, since these symptoms had already been recorded previously in a case of a bacterial infection by the same serogroup. Isolation of Salmonella spp. in a non-selective medium was determinant in identifying these bacteria. Since these are not commensal bacteria of the canine urinary tract, their isolation in this tract indicates that they are responsible for the infection or disease, although such cases are rare. Another aspect that should be highlighted is the risk of human infection, because of the zoonotic potential of Salmonella spp., which may be transmitted by contact with dog urine. This is the first report of the isolation of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in a case of canine cystitis on the northeast region of Brazil, and underscores the importance of complementary diagnostic exams such as urine culture.

scholarly journals Infectious Diarrhea, a Public Health Problem in Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Deac Monica
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Diarrheal Illness

Infec­tious etiology in acute diarrhea, referred several gastrointestinal diseases, Most are gastroenteri­tis associated with clinical signs and symptoms including: nausea, vomiting, abdomi­nal pain and cramps, bloating, flatulence, fever, passage of bloody stools, tenesmus, and fecal ur­gency disorders. Diarrheal illness is a large worldwide public health problem, with substantial regional variation, in the prevalence of medical signs by being caused by specific pathogens. Infectious diarrheal diseases, are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and can cause real public health concerns. Such diarrhea was studied as a medical disorder, in a 3 years period, 2017 to 2020, in Transylvania a large region in Romania. It was found there, 3577 number of diarrheal diseases cases, appeared almost during July to August. The case incidence for the disease arrived at 65%, in the entire summer season. The cases data were transmitted by 12 district Sanitary Polices, to the Public Health Center Cluj. Cases were almost diagnosed by the family doctors of the region, in more then 50%. Few of this have need some days of hospitalization, because of several disease disorders, in which case it was used a specific adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement as key of the treatment, for managing diarrheal illnesses. Even so, 3 children under 5 years age died, because of severe complications. It was remarked so, organic failed who was estimate to be the cause of their deaths. Clinical and epidemiological evaluations were done and even defined the severity and type of this mentioned illnesses. The detected infectious etiology for the acute diarrheas, where determined in authorized Microbiology laboratories, where were identified: Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp, Yersinia spp, Rotavirus, Giardia. Most number of cases appeared in children, being suggestive in 63%, followed by elderly or adult people in 17% each. Acute diarrheal illness had to be considered a major public health issue, against which some determined control efforts are needed. Public health surveillance of infectious acute diarrhea, includes obligatory done strategies for a correct infection control.

scholarly journals TRIAGEM FITOQUÍMICA E ATIVIDADE ANTIBACTERIANA DOS EXTRATOS AQUOSO E HIDROALCOÓLICO BRUTOS DE Jacaranda micrantha Cham. (“CAROBA”) SOBRE CEPAS DE Staphylococcus coagulase positiva E Salmonella spp. PADRÕES E ISOLADAS EM PRODUTOS DE ORIGEM ANIMAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
César Augusto Marchionatti Avancini ◽  
Tainá Drebes ◽  
Eduardo Miranda Ethur
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis

A resistência microbiana a compostos químicos convencionais, bem como demanda por tecnologias adequadas ao sistema de produção orgânico/agroecológico motivaram o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa na busca de soluções antibacterianas originadas de extrações vegetais. Os objetivos foram realizar screening fitoquímico e avaliar a atividade dos extratos aquoso (EA) e hidroalcoólico (EH) brutos de Jacaranda micrantha Cham. Com o teste de suspensão quantitativo os extratos das folhas nas proporções 5 g : 100 mL, 10 g : 100 mL e 20 g : 100 mL foram confrontados com as cepas Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e Salmonella Choleraesuis ATCC 10708, e na de  10 g : 100 mL (100 mg/mL) com isoladas em alimentos de origem animal: S. coagulase positiva (N=20) e S. spp. (N=20). As densidades populacionais de confronto (DP) foram 107, 106 e 105 UFC/mL, nos tempo de contato de oito e 24 horas. Análise fitoquímica qualitativa detectou a presença de compostos fenólicos, taninos condensados e flavonas tanto no EA quanto no EH, e de saponinas apenas no EA. Foi praticamente inexistente a atividade antibacteriana do EA. Já o EH, tomando como referência a proporção 10 : 100, nas 24 h de contato inativou as duas cepas padrões (exceção da Salmonella na maior DP). Frente as isoladas, apresentou melhor atividade sobre S. coagulase positiva reduzindo a DP ou inativando 70% delas na 107, 95% na 106 e 100 % na 105 UFC/mL. As evidências mostram que além das variáveis proporção peso : volume, densidade populacional e tempo de confronto, características intrínsecas dos gêneros e dos indivíduos isolados interferiram na atividade dos extratos. Concluiu-se que o EA pouco apresentou atividade antibacteriana, e que o EH apresentou maior efeito microbiológico frente aos gêneros confrontados.

scholarly journals Acute myopericarditis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Omar Chehab ◽  
Emma McGuire ◽  
Robert L Serafino Wani ◽  
Roshan Weerackody
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pericardial Fluid ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Large Pericardial Effusion ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Newly Diagnosed Diabetes

Abstract Background Acute myopericarditis can be caused by a myriad of infectious and non-infectious aetiologies, however, it is often considered to be due to self-limiting viral infection. Salmonella spp. myopericarditis is rare and the few cases in the literature suggest significant associated morbidity and mortality. Case summary A 44-year-old man presented with fever, dyspnoea, and chest pain. He was found to have a large pericardial effusion with clinical signs of tamponade and sepsis. Therapeutic pericardiocentesis was performed and ceftriaxone and levofloxacin were administered. Fully sensitive Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) was isolated in his pericardial fluid and he made a full recovery after a 4-week course of ciprofloxacin. A new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus was made on admission. A follow-up cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) scan was suggestive of myocarditis which was unexpected given a normal Troponin T level on presentation. Discussion We report a rare case of S. Enteritidis myopericarditis. Our case is notable as the patient was immunocompetent apart from newly diagnosed diabetes. This case highlights the value of CMR imaging in assessing for myocarditis and ventricular function.

scholarly journals A52 BUTYRATE SUPPLEMENTATION AMELIORATES DAMAGE CAUSED BY ENTERIC CITROBACTER RODENTIUM INFECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
L S Celiberto ◽  
G Healey ◽  
J Xu ◽  
L Xia ◽  
B Vallance
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Citrobacter Rodentium ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Intestinal Mucus

Abstract Background Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often display a dysbiotic microbiome as well as a defective intestinal mucus layer, which appears thinner and more penetrable than the mucus layer of healthy subjects. Tributyrin (TB), a prodrug of butyric acid, has shown beneficial effects in models of IBD due to its anti-inflammatory effects. We previously showed that mice lacking the major intestinal mucin Muc2 (Muc2-/-) or lacking the “Core1” enzyme responsible for glycosylating Muc2 (C1galt1-/-) were highly susceptible to infection by Citrobacter rodentium, a murine model of intestinal inflammation. Aims The study explored the role of gut mucus in providing host defense against C. rodentium, as well as the effects of TB supplementation in the prevention of mucosal damage in this model. Methods Six to ten week old wildtype (WT), Muc2-/-, flox control (C1galt1f/f) and C1galt1-/- mice were infected with C. rodentium (∼2.5 × 108 CFU) by oral gavage. For TB supplementation experiments, mice received 100µL of TB or glycerol as a control by oral gavage every other day starting on day 1 post infection. Mice were monitored daily throughout the experiment and were euthanized at day 6 of infection. Several tissues of interest were collected to verify bacterial colonization in the gut and at systemic sites as well as histological tissue damage. Cecal contents were collected for the analysis of short chain fatty acids, while blood was collected by cardiac puncture after oral gavage with FITC-dextran to measure intestinal permeability. Results While WT and C1galt1f/f mice were only modestly susceptible to C. rodentium infection, Muc2-/- and C1galt1-/- mice displayed dramatically (100 fold) increased pathogen burdens, significantly greater intestinal macroscopic and histopathology scores, and heightened barrier disruption as compared to controls. Moreover, Muc2-/- and C1galt1-/- mice showed significantly lower levels of butyric acid as compared to control mice under baseline conditions. Interestingly, when supplemented with TB, Muc2-/- and C1galt1-/- proved less susceptible to C. rodentium infection, as indicated by reduced weight loss and clinical signs of colitis, while pathogen burdens were greatly reduced as was histological tissue damage, and epithelial barrier dysfunction. The same protection was conferred when TB was administered as a dietary supplementation, thus confirming its beneficial effect in protecting mice against C. rodentium infection. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that intestinal mucus controls host susceptibility to C. rodentium infection via control over butyrate levels, and highlight the need to explore the mechanisms by which gut mucus modulates the resident microbiota and its metabolites. Funding Agencies CCC, CIHR

Survival of Campylobacter jejuni in Fresh and Heated Red Meat

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 771-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL KOIDIS ◽  
MICHAEL P. DOYLE
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Log10 Reduction ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Lamb Meat ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
D Values

Studies were done to assess the ability of Campylobacter jejuni to survive in fresh ground beef during refrigerated storage and to identify time-temperature treatments needed to inactivate Campylobacter in ground and cubed red meat. The organism survived well in refrigerated ground beef containing large numbers of indigenous bacteria. Relatively little death (< 1.2-log10 reduction) occurred for 7 of 8 strains during 14 d at 4°C. C. jejuni inoculated into ground beef and cubed lamb meat was quite sensitive to heat treatment. D-values for inactivation of campylobacters in ground beef ranged from 5.9 to 6.3 min at 50°C and from 12 to 21 s at 58°C. D-values were generally greater when campylobacters were heated in lamb meat, ranging from 5.9 to 13.3 min and 12.5 to 15.8 s at 50 and 60°C, respectively. All strains of C. jejuni were more sensitive to heat than salmonellae, hence meat heated to a temperature sufficient to inactivate Salmonella spp. should be free of viable campylobacters.

Survey of Salmonella Serotypes Shed in Feces of Beef Cows and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1648-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. DARGATZ ◽  
P. J. FEDORKA-CRAY ◽  
S. R. LADELY ◽  
K. E. FERRIS
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
National Study ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Common Serotypes ◽  
Cow Calf

Salmonella prevalence on cow-calf operations was studied as a part of a national study of health and management of the U.S. beef cow-calf industry and was conducted as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System. Within this study, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. shed in feces was determined. A total of 5,049 fecal samples were collected from 187 beef cow-calf operations each visited on a single occasion. The number of fecal samples collected per operation was predetermined based on herd size. Salmonellae were recovered from 1 or more fecal samples collected on 11.2% (21 of 187) of the operations. Overall 78 salmonellae representing 22 serotypes were recovered from 1.4% (70 of 5,049) of samples. Multiple serotypes were recovered from eight samples from a single operation. The five most common serotypes were Salmonella Oranienburg (21.8% of isolates), and Salmonella Cerro (21.8%), followed by Salmonella Anatum (10.3%), Salmonella Bredeney (9.0%), and Salmonella Mbandaka (5.1%). The most common serogroups identified were C1 (33.3%), K (21.8%), B (16.7%), and E (15.4%). Even though the recovery rate of salmonellae from fecal samples was very low, 43.6% (34 of 78) and 38.5% (30 of 78) of the isolates were among the 10 most common serotypes from cattle with clinical signs of disease or isolated from humans, respectively. The majority of the isolates (50 of 78; 64.1%) were recovered from fecal samples from two operations. All isolates were screened for resistance to a panel of 17 antimicrobics, and 87.2% (68 of 78) were susceptible to all of the antimicrobics. The resistant isolates were most commonly resistant to streptomycin (n = 9) and/or sulfamethoxazole (n = 9). Nine isolates showed multiple (≥2 antimicrobics) resistance most commonly to streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole (n = 6).

scholarly journals Enrichment for Isolating Salmonella Choleraesuis and other Salmonella spp. from Pigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 949-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki OSUMI ◽  
Tetsuo ASAI ◽  
Takanori NAMIMATSU ◽  
Shizuo SATO ◽  
Koshi YAMAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis
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