Behavior of Aeromonas hydrophila in Bottled Mineral Waters

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1836-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIANA CROCI ◽  
SIMONA DI PASQUALE ◽  
LOREDANA COZZI ◽  
LAURA TOTI
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

The growth and survival of Aeromonas hydrophila in three types of natural mineral waters were investigated. Mineral waters with different levels of mineral content (low, medium, and high) were experimentally contaminated with A. hydrophila, stored at different temperatures (10°C and 20°C), and analyzed at intervals over a 60-day period. Water samples that were not experimentally contaminated were investigated for indigenous A. hydrophila. The results confirmed that A. hydrophila may occur naturally in mineral waters and showed that the level of mineral content, temperature, length of storage, and, in some cases, the type of container used may favor the growth of A. hydrophila. The greatest proliferation was observed in water with a low mineral content stored in PET bottles at 10°C, in which A. hydrophila peaked at day 28 (4.47 ± 0.01 log CFU/100 ml). At 20°C, the same load was observed at day 60. The presence of high densities of A. hydrophila in bottled mineral water can constitute a risk for some groups of consumers, such as elderly and immunocompromised persons.

Isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila from Bottled Waters and Domestic Water Supplies in Saudi Arabia

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 471-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER J. SLADE ◽  
MOHAMMED A. FALAH ◽  
AHMED M. R. AI-GHADY
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Selective Method ◽  
Arginine Dihydrolase ◽  
Presumptive Identification ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

A total of 139 replicate samples of water were tested for Aeromonas hydrophila and coliforms. These consisted of 95 replicates from bottled mineral water, 13 replicates from flower petal infusions and 31 samples of domestic municipality supplies. Of these, 59 (43%) were positive for A. hydrophila, 15 (11%) were positive for coliforms and 11 (8%) positive for both A. hydrophila and coliforms. Most of the isolates of A. hydrophila came from various batches of one brand of bottled mineral water, none of which contained coliforms. The organism was isolated more frequently from newer samples, particularly those bottled for 59 d or less. Samples of treated water from one municipality were free from coliforms and A. hydrophila. Chlorinated water from another town was free from coliforms, but some samples contained A. hydrophila. In unchlorinated water from a third municipal source, there was a high degree of correlation between incidence of A. hydrophila and presence of coliforms. A selective method, using media without antibiotics, for isolation of A. hydrophila was used. A novel medium for the presumptive identification of A. hydrophila, gelatin arginine dihydrolase (GAD) medium, was assessed, with confirmation of suspected isolates using the API 20E system. Of 109 isolates from two selective agars identified with the organism on API strips, 18 (16.5%) were falsely gelatinase negative in GAD medium, of which 9 (8.3%) also gave false-negative arginine dihydrolase reactions. Of those presumptively identified as A. hydrophila in GAD, 4/95 isolates (4.2% false-positives) were not confirmed.

Commercialization Conditions and Practices Influence the Microbiological Quality of Mineral Waters

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1253-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
SÉRGIO A. P. NUNES FILHO ◽  
ANDERSON S. SANT'ANA ◽  
ADRIANO G. CRUZ
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

The objective of the present study was to determine the microbiological quality of bottled mineral water marketed in commercial establishments and by street vendors and to evaluate the influence of the storage and maintenance conditions on the microbiological quality of the product. Ten samples from the same batches of five different brands of water were analyzed, for a total of 50 samples. Of the five brands analyzed, only one (brand A), when collected in a commercial establishment, complied with the legal Brazilian standards for mineral water with respect to the presence of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The remaining samples failed to comply with these microbiological standards for at least one of the parameters evaluated. The water samples obtained from street vendors were inferior in microbiological quality to samples from the same batch that were obtained from commercial establishments.

scholarly journals Diversity of Bacteria Growing in Natural Mineral Water after Bottling

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 3624-3632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Loy ◽  
Wolfgang Beisker ◽  
Harald Meier
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Natural Mineral Water

ABSTRACT Bacterial growth occurs in noncarbonated natural mineral waters a few days after filling and storage at room temperature, a phenomenon known for more than 40 years. Using the full-cycle rRNA approach, we monitored the development of the planktonic bacterial community in a noncarbonated natural mineral water after bottling. Seven 16S rRNA gene libraries, comprising 108 clones in total, were constructed from water samples taken at various days after bottling and from two different bottle sizes. Sequence analyses identified 11 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), all but one affiliated with the betaproteobacterial order Burkholderiales (6 OTUs) or the class Alphaproteobacteria (4 OTUs). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied in combination with DAPI (4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, viability staining, and microscopic counting to quantitatively monitor changes in bacterial community composition. A growth curve similar to that of a bacterium grown in a batch culture was recorded. In contrast to the current perception that Gammaproteobacteria are the most important bacterial components of natural mineral water in bottles, Betaproteobacteria dominated the growing bacterial community and accounted for 80 to 98% of all bacteria detected by FISH in the late-exponential and stationary-growth phases. Using previously published and newly designed genus-specific probes, members of the betaproteobacterial genera Hydrogenophaga, Aquabacterium, and Polaromonas were found to constitute a significant proportion of the bacterial flora (21 to 86% of all bacteria detected by FISH). For the first time, key genera responsible for bacterial growth in a natural mineral water were identified by applying molecular cultivation-independent techniques.

scholarly journals The bacteriological quality of bottled natural mineral waters

1987 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Hunter ◽  
S. H. Burge
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Water ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Natural Mineral Water ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

SUMMARYFifty-eight bottles of natural mineral water, taken from the point of sale, were bacteriologically examined. No coliforms orAeromonas sp.were isolated from any sample. High total bacterial counts were found particularly in the still waters. Most of the organisms isolated in the total counts were Gram-negative rods, but Gram-positive organisms were also isolated. Gram-positive cocci were further identified, some of which were known human commensals suggesting contamination of the waters prior to bottling.

Influence of a Mineral Water on the Rheological Characteristics of Reconstituted Infant Formulas and Diluted Cows' Milk

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rottoli ◽  
S Decarlis ◽  
ML Giannì ◽  
M Giovannini
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Water ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Buffering Power ◽  
Milk Casein ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

A bottled spring water with a low mineral content was compared with tap water in the reconstitution and/or dilution of five different infant formulas and cows' milk. The osmolality, buffering power and renal solute load potential of the formulas reconstituted with the bottled water were all significantly lower than when tap water was used ( P < 0.01). When the bottled water was used to dilute cows' milk, the morphology of milk casein precipitates (after addition of rennet) was finer and more dispersed than when tap water was used. For formula reconstitution and milk dilution, a benefit, in terms of solute/electrolyte balance, appears to be conferred on infants by the improved rheological characteristics of modified milks reconstituted or diluted with this bottled mineral water.

Alterations in total bacteria, iodonitrophenyltetrazolium (INT)-positive bacteria, and heterotrophic plate counts of bottled mineral water

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Cristina Ferreira ◽  
Paula Vasconcellos Morais ◽  
Milton S. da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Ethidium Bromide ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Heterotrophic Plate Counts ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

The quantitative variation in the microflora in bottled mineral waters stored in polyvinyl chloride bottles was studied immediately after bottling and after 7 days storage, over 9 months. The microflora was determined by combining total counts using ethidium bromide, and the number of iodonitrophenyltetrazolium (INT)-positive cells determined with heterotrophic plate counts on R2A for prolonged incubation periods at 22 and 37 °C. Immediately after bottling of mineral water A, the total counts with ethidium bromide varied between 70.0 and 495.0 bacteria/mL. The number of INT-positive bacteria varied between 14.0 and 40.0% counts. The heterotrophic plate counts were higher at 22 °C than at 37 °C and varied between 1.1 and 13.2% and between 0.7 and 9.3% of the total counts, respectively. After 7 days storage, total bacterial counts increased by 1000 times, indicating multiplication of bacteria that were present in low numbers immediately after bottling. The percentage of INT-positive bacteria remained between 2.6 and 39.0% of the total counts but the number of culturable bacteria was higher than the number of INT-positive cells. Similar counts were found in other mineral waters (B, C, and D), but the numbers of INT-positive cells in two of them (B and D) were higher than the heterotrophic plate counts at 22 °C. These results show the presence in the aquifer and (or) bottling system of a flora that is neither INT-positive nor culturable and reinforce previous results that still mineral waters have a large bacterial population after storage.Key words: mineral water, bacterial populations, ethidium bromide, INT, HPC.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and microbiological evaluation of natural mineral water produced in Mato Grosso State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ilza Conceição Tomaselli Ribeiro ◽  
Adriana Paiva de Oliveira ◽  
Andressa De Souza David ◽  
Kamila Cristina Oliveira ◽  
Marcia Helena Scabora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Natural Mineral Water ◽  
Industrialization Process

The aim of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological properties of natural mineral waters bottled in 20 liter containers produced in Mato Grosso - Brazil. For this study, three lots of eight brands produced in the state and commercialized in Cuiabá were analyzed. The physicochemical parameters determined were pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, metals, ammonium, anions and glyphosate, and the measurements were made according to the Adolfo Lutz Institute and Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Chromogenic enzymatic substrates were used to determine Coliform bacteria and filtration with a filtering membrane was used for the Pseudomonas aeruginosa count. The results were compared with national and international legislation on bottled water and the labeled values. All physicochemical parameters, except for pH, showed concordant results with maximum values allowed by Brazilian and international law for the quality of bottled natural mineral waters. Six samples were investigated for the presence of coliforms and P. aeruginosa at 35 ºC. The results suggested possible contamination and failure during the industrialization process and the requirement for inspection during collection, manufacturing, labeling and commercialization of the natural mineral water bottled in 20 liter containers.

226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb Concentrations in Brazilian Mineral Waters

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Pires do Rio ◽  
J.M. Godoy ◽  
E.C.S. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Dose Calculations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

Abstract The Brazilian production of bottled mineral water is about 560 million litres per year. The states of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Pernambuco are responsible for more than 65% of the total production. Over twenty samples of bottle mineral waters from these states were analysed for 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb content. Mean values of 27 mBq.l-1 for 226Ra and 77 mBq.l-1 for 210Pb were found. 228Ra was found in only two samples and the highest value was 300 mBq.l-1. Dose calculations were performed in order to evaluate the relative importance of the radionuclides to the radiation exposure of the Brazilian population. Based upon the production rate and the measured concentrations, collective committed effective doses per year of 1.5 manSv for 226Ra, 1.4 manSv for 228Ra and 17 manSv for 210Pb were obtained. These results show that the 210Pb is the main contributor to radiation exposure of the population because of their ingestion of bottled mineral water.

scholarly journals Lithium in Portuguese Bottled Natural Mineral Waters—Potential for Health Benefits?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8369
Author(s):  
Maria Orquídia Neves ◽  
José Marques ◽  
Hans G.M. Eggenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Natural Mineral Water ◽  
Inductively Coupled

There is increasing epidemiologic and experimental evidence that lithium (Li) exhibits significant health benefits, even at concentrations lower than the therapeutic oral doses prescribed as treatment for mental disorders. The aim of this study is to determine the content of Li in 18 brands of bottled natural mineral waters that are available on the Portuguese market and from which the sources are found within the Portuguese territory, to provide data for Li intake from drinking water. Analyses of Li were performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The results indicate highly different Li concentrations in natural mineral waters: one group with low Li concentrations (up to 11 µg Li/L) and a second group with Li concentrations higher than 100 µg/L. The highest Li concentrations (>1500 µg Li/L) were observed in the highly mineralized Na-HCO3 type waters that are naturally carbonated (>250 mg/L free CO2). As a highly bioavailable source for Li dietary intake these natural mineral waters have potential for Li health benefits but should be consumed in a controlled manner due to its Na and F− contents. The consumption of as little as 0.25 L/day of Vidago natural mineral water (2220 µg Li/L), can contribute up to 50% of the proposed daily requirement of 1 mg Li/day for an adult (70 kg body weight). In future, Li epidemiological studies that concern the potential Li effect or health benefits from Li in drinking water should consider not only the Li intake from tap water but also intake from natural mineral water that is consumed in order to adjust the Li intake of the subjects.

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