226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb Concentrations in Brazilian Mineral Waters

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Pires do Rio ◽  
J.M. Godoy ◽  
E.C.S. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Dose Calculations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

Abstract The Brazilian production of bottled mineral water is about 560 million litres per year. The states of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Pernambuco are responsible for more than 65% of the total production. Over twenty samples of bottle mineral waters from these states were analysed for 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb content. Mean values of 27 mBq.l-1 for 226Ra and 77 mBq.l-1 for 210Pb were found. 228Ra was found in only two samples and the highest value was 300 mBq.l-1. Dose calculations were performed in order to evaluate the relative importance of the radionuclides to the radiation exposure of the Brazilian population. Based upon the production rate and the measured concentrations, collective committed effective doses per year of 1.5 manSv for 226Ra, 1.4 manSv for 228Ra and 17 manSv for 210Pb were obtained. These results show that the 210Pb is the main contributor to radiation exposure of the population because of their ingestion of bottled mineral water.

Commercialization Conditions and Practices Influence the Microbiological Quality of Mineral Waters

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1253-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
SÉRGIO A. P. NUNES FILHO ◽  
ANDERSON S. SANT'ANA ◽  
ADRIANO G. CRUZ
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

The objective of the present study was to determine the microbiological quality of bottled mineral water marketed in commercial establishments and by street vendors and to evaluate the influence of the storage and maintenance conditions on the microbiological quality of the product. Ten samples from the same batches of five different brands of water were analyzed, for a total of 50 samples. Of the five brands analyzed, only one (brand A), when collected in a commercial establishment, complied with the legal Brazilian standards for mineral water with respect to the presence of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The remaining samples failed to comply with these microbiological standards for at least one of the parameters evaluated. The water samples obtained from street vendors were inferior in microbiological quality to samples from the same batch that were obtained from commercial establishments.

Behavior of Aeromonas hydrophila in Bottled Mineral Waters

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1836-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIANA CROCI ◽  
SIMONA DI PASQUALE ◽  
LOREDANA COZZI ◽  
LAURA TOTI
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

The growth and survival of Aeromonas hydrophila in three types of natural mineral waters were investigated. Mineral waters with different levels of mineral content (low, medium, and high) were experimentally contaminated with A. hydrophila, stored at different temperatures (10°C and 20°C), and analyzed at intervals over a 60-day period. Water samples that were not experimentally contaminated were investigated for indigenous A. hydrophila. The results confirmed that A. hydrophila may occur naturally in mineral waters and showed that the level of mineral content, temperature, length of storage, and, in some cases, the type of container used may favor the growth of A. hydrophila. The greatest proliferation was observed in water with a low mineral content stored in PET bottles at 10°C, in which A. hydrophila peaked at day 28 (4.47 ± 0.01 log CFU/100 ml). At 20°C, the same load was observed at day 60. The presence of high densities of A. hydrophila in bottled mineral water can constitute a risk for some groups of consumers, such as elderly and immunocompromised persons.

Alterations in total bacteria, iodonitrophenyltetrazolium (INT)-positive bacteria, and heterotrophic plate counts of bottled mineral water

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Cristina Ferreira ◽  
Paula Vasconcellos Morais ◽  
Milton S. da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Ethidium Bromide ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Heterotrophic Plate Counts ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

The quantitative variation in the microflora in bottled mineral waters stored in polyvinyl chloride bottles was studied immediately after bottling and after 7 days storage, over 9 months. The microflora was determined by combining total counts using ethidium bromide, and the number of iodonitrophenyltetrazolium (INT)-positive cells determined with heterotrophic plate counts on R2A for prolonged incubation periods at 22 and 37 °C. Immediately after bottling of mineral water A, the total counts with ethidium bromide varied between 70.0 and 495.0 bacteria/mL. The number of INT-positive bacteria varied between 14.0 and 40.0% counts. The heterotrophic plate counts were higher at 22 °C than at 37 °C and varied between 1.1 and 13.2% and between 0.7 and 9.3% of the total counts, respectively. After 7 days storage, total bacterial counts increased by 1000 times, indicating multiplication of bacteria that were present in low numbers immediately after bottling. The percentage of INT-positive bacteria remained between 2.6 and 39.0% of the total counts but the number of culturable bacteria was higher than the number of INT-positive cells. Similar counts were found in other mineral waters (B, C, and D), but the numbers of INT-positive cells in two of them (B and D) were higher than the heterotrophic plate counts at 22 °C. These results show the presence in the aquifer and (or) bottling system of a flora that is neither INT-positive nor culturable and reinforce previous results that still mineral waters have a large bacterial population after storage.Key words: mineral water, bacterial populations, ethidium bromide, INT, HPC.

scholarly journals Assessment of Effective Dose from Radioactive Isotopes Contained in Mineral Waters Received by Patients During Hydrotherapy Treatments

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Maria Karpińska ◽  
Jacek Kapała ◽  
Agnieszka Raciborska ◽  
Stanisław Mnich
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Effective Doses

Hydrotherapy is a natural treatment and health protection method. Treatments using natural mineral water are gaining popularity as an alternative to pharmacotherapy or as additional support to pharmacotherapy in many types of diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the effective dose obtained as a result of baths and inhalations using popular mineral water samples. A total of 18 commercially available water samples used in hydrotherapy were tested for their radioactive isotope content. The following isotopes were found: 40K, 208Tl, 212Bi, 212Pb, 214Bi, 214Pb, 226Ra, 228Ac, 234Th. Effective doses received by patients during inhalation and bathing using the tested mineral water samples were determined. The collected sample activity was measured using gamma spectrometry. The effective doses received by patients from a series of inhalation treatments ranged from 170.4 to 22.9 µSv. Infants receive the highest effective dose as a result of inhalation of mineral water. The doses received by patients as a result of bathing in the studied mineral water samples were in the range of from 0.04 to 1.1 µSv and were comparable with doses from ordinary baths in tap water (0.06 µSv). The determined doses are very low; thus, they are unlikely to cause noticeable biological effects.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES OF BOTTLED MINERAL WATER RESEARCH

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
O. E. Vasyukov ◽  
V. M. Loboichenko ◽  
V. V. Sabadash
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Normative Requirements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Water Dilution ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

The paper suggests a new indicator of natural water quality a coefficient of identification as a slope of the relationship inverse electrical conductivity from degree of research water dilution by distilled water to establish the fact that bottled drinking and mineral waters do not comply with normative requirements. An example is given for the identification of tap water among 10 trademarks of bottled drinking water.

scholarly journals Are There Benefits from Thermal Bacteria for Health? The Hydrogenome Role

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Patrick Pascoal-Ferreira ◽  
Daniel Glez-Peña ◽  
Carla Miranda ◽  
Patrícia Poeta ◽  
João Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

In recent years, natural thermal mineral waters have been gaining the special attention of the scientific community, namely in the prevention and treatment of some diseases, due to the microbial properties that exist in these habitats. The aim of this work was to characterize the physicochemical composition and the microbial taxonomic communities present in three thermal waters of the Galician region in Spain and two samples of the northern region in Portugal. These collected water samples were analyzed for physicochemical characterization and the respective hydrogenome of the waters using next generation sequencing together with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The sequencing showed a high diversity of microorganisms in all analyzed waters; however, there is a clear bacterial predominance of Proteobacteria phylum, followed by Firmicutes, Deinococcus-Thermus, Aquificae and Nitrospira. The main physicochemical parameters responsible for the clustering within the Spanish waters were sulfur compounds (SO32− and S2−), CO32− and neutral pH, and in the Portuguese waters were Mg, Ca and Sr, nitrogen compounds (NO3− and NH4+), Na, Rb, conductivity and dry residue. This work will allow for a better understanding of the microbial community’s composition and how these microorganisms interfere in the physicochemical constitution of these waters often associated with medicinal properties. Furthermore, the hydrogenome may be used as an auxiliary tool in the practice of medical hydrology, increasing the likelihood of safe use of these unique water types.

scholarly journals MEASURING BANK EFFICIENCY: DEA APPLICATION

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Titko ◽  
Jelena Stankevičienė ◽  
Nataļja Lāce
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dea Model ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Variables Selection ◽  
Measuring Efficiency ◽  
Selection For

The paper aims to improve the methodology of measuring efficiency of Latvian banks. Efficiency scores were calculated with application of non-parametric frontier technique Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Input-oriented DEA model under Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) assumption was used. Potential model variables were selected based on the intermediation and profitability approach. Fourteen alternative models with different inputs-outputs combinations were developed for the research purposes. To substantiate the variables selection for DEA model the received data was processed, using such methods, as correlation analysis, linear regression analysis, analysis of mean values, and two-samples Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The research results assisted the authors in providing general recommendations about the variables selection for DEA application in the Latvian banking sector. The present research contributes to the existing analytical data on bank performance in Latvia. The empirical findings provide a background for further studies, in particular, the efficiency of Latvian banks could be analysed in the extended time period.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Ionizing Radiation Exposure in a Population-Based Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 2015-2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Peloquin ◽  
Darrell S. Pardi ◽  
William J. Sandborn ◽  
Joel G. Fletcher ◽  
Cynthia H. McCollough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Ionizing Radiation Exposure

Radiation dose to the Malaysian populace via the consumption of bottled mineral water

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayeen Uddin Khandaker ◽  
Noor Liyana Mohd Nasir ◽  
Nur Syahira Zakirin ◽  
Hasan Abu Kassim ◽  
Khandoker Asaduzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

Drinking mineral water in the correction of metabolic syndrome in patients with cicatricial skin changes

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Frolkov ◽  
S. N Nagornev ◽  
K. V. Kazantseva
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Skin Changes ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders

The article analyzes the efficiency of complex physiotherapy in combination with internal intake of medium-mineralized water “Essentuki № 17” in patients with cicatricial skin changes in the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome. It was found that internal mineral water intake supplementing physiotherapy effectively corrected carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders by reducing the insulin resistance index, which contributed to a greater regression of clinical manifestations of cicatricial skin changes in patients with metabolic syndrome. Meanwhile, in the absence of metabolic syndrome, the course intake of mineral water did not signifi cantly affect complex physiotherapy, although the index of insulin resistance and body weight of patients significantly decreased. It is suggested that, given the presence of nonspecifi c preventive potential of the course of drinking mineral waters intake, there is some theoretical and possibly practical interest in research on pre-course mineral water intake before performing cosmetic operations to accelerate the process of skin regeneration and the formation of scarring in a less pronounced form.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document