Antimicrobial Interventions for O157:H7 and Non-O157 Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli on Beef Subprimal and Mechanically Tenderized Steaks

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEN-TE LIAO ◽  
J. CHANCE BROOKS ◽  
JENNIFER N. MARTIN ◽  
ALEJANDRO ECHEVERRY ◽  
GUY H. LONERAGAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intervention Treatment ◽  
Hypobromous Acid ◽  
Emerging Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Interventions ◽  
High Level ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatments ◽  
Vacuum Storage

Non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an emerging risk for food safety. Although numerous postharvest antimicrobial interventions have been effectively used to control E. coli O157:H7 during beef harvesting, research regarding their effectiveness against non-O157 STEC is scarce. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate effects of the spray treatments—ambient water, 5% lactic acid (LA), 200 ppm of hypobromous acid (HA), and 200 ppm of peroxyacetic acid (PA)—on the reduction of O157:H7 or non-O157 STEC (O26, O103, O111, and O145) with high (106 log CFU/50 cm2) or low (102 log CFU/50 cm2) levels on beef subprimals after vacuum storage for 14 days and (ii) to evaluate the association of the antimicrobial treatments and cooking (50 or 70°C) on the reduction of the pathogens in blade-tenderized steaks. The treatment effects were only observed (P = 0.012) on samples taken immediately after spray intervention treatment following inoculation with a high level of O157:H7. The LA and PA treatments significantly reduced low-inoculated non-O157 STEC after spray intervention; further, the LA and HA treatments resulted in significant reductions of non-O157 STEC on the low-inoculated samples after storage. Although cooking effectively reduced the detection of pathogens in internal steak samples, internalized E. coli O157:H7 and non-O157 STEC were able to survive in steaks cooked to a medium degree of doneness (70°C). This study indicated that the reduction on surface populations was not sufficient enough to eliminate the pathogen's detection following vacuum storage, mechanical tenderization, and cooking. Nevertheless, the findings of this study emphasize the necessity for a multihurdle approach and further investigations of factors that may influence thermal tolerance of internalized pathogenic STEC.

Validation of commonly used antimicrobial interventions on bob veal carcasses for reducing Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli surrogate populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chevise L. Thomas ◽  
Harshavardhan Thippareddi ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Macc Rigdon ◽  
Robert W. Mckee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Peroxyacetic Acid ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Translocation Experiment ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Antimicrobial Interventions ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatments

Ruminants are natural reservoirs of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and the STEC can be easily transferred to carcasses during the conversion of animals to meat. Three experiments were conducted to validate the efficacy of lactic acid (4%; LA), peroxyacetic acid (300 ppm; PAA), and hot water (80˚C; HW) for their individual or combined abilities to reduce STEC surrogates on bob veal carcasses pre- and post-chill and through fabrication. In experiment 1, hot carcasses (n=9) were inoculated with a 5-strain cocktail (ca. 8 log CFU/mL) containing rifampicin-resistant surrogate Escherichia coli ( E. coli ; BAA-1427, BAA-1428, BAA-1429, BAA-1430, and BAA-1431) and then treated with HW, LA, or PAA. Carcasses were then chilled (0±1°C; 24 h), split in half, and each side was treated with either LA or PAA. In experiment 2, hot carcasses (n=3) were inoculated and chilled (24 h). After 24 h, the carcasses were split, and each side was treated with either LA or PAA. For experiment 3, carcasses (n=3) were chilled for 24 h, split, inoculated, and treated with either LA or PAA. After chilling, carcasses from all three experiments were fabricated to subprimals and the cut surfaces were sampled to determine the translocation. Experiment 1 showed that LA+LA was the most effective ( P ≤ 0.05) treatment for reducing surrogate E. coli on veal. In experiments 2 and 3, LA and PAA were similar ( P > 0.05) in their abilities to reduce E. coli on chilled veal carcasses. In experiments 1 and 2, all antimicrobial treatments resulted in undetectable levels (< 0.2 log CFU/cm 2 ) of surrogate E. coli on cut surfaces after fabrication, while low levels (1.7 and 1.0 log CFU/cm 2 for LA and PAA, respectively) were observed in experiment 3. Of the antimicrobial interventions utilized, lactic acid was more effective for reducing STEC surrogate populations on veal carcasses, pre- and/or post-chill.

scholarly journals Assessment of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Wildlife Meat as Potential Pathogens for Humans

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (20) ◽  
pp. 6462-6470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Miko ◽  
Karin Pries ◽  
Sabine Haby ◽  
Katja Steege ◽  
Nadine Albrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Clonal Lineage ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Markers ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Human Illness ◽  
High Level ◽  
Game Animals

ABSTRACT A total of 140 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains from wildlife meat (deer, wild boar, and hare) isolated in Germany between 1998 and 2006 were characterized with respect to their serotypes and virulence markers associated with human pathogenicity. The strains grouped into 38 serotypes, but eight O groups (21, 146, 128, 113, 22, 88, 6, and 91) and four H types (21, 28, 2, and 8) accounted for 71.4% and 75.7% of all STEC strains from game, respectively. Eighteen of the serotypes, including enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O26:[H11] and O103:H2, were previously found to be associated with human illness. Genes linked to high-level virulence for humans (stx 2, stx 2d, and eae) were present in 46 (32.8%) STEC strains from game. Fifty-four STEC isolates from game belonged to serotypes which are frequently found in human patients (O103:H2, O26:H11, O113:H21, O91:H21, O128:H2, O146:H21, and O146:H28). These 54 STEC isolates were compared with 101 STEC isolates belonging to the same serotypes isolated from farm animals, from their food products, and from human patients. Within a given serotype, most STEC strains were similar with respect to their stx genotypes and other virulence attributes, regardless of origin. The 155 STEC strains were analyzed for genetic similarity by XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. O103:H2, O26:H11, O113:H21, O128:H2, and O146:H28 STEC isolates from game were 85 to 100% similar to STEC isolates of the same strains from human patients. By multilocus sequence typing, game EHEC O103:H2 strains were attributed to a clonal lineage associated with hemorrhagic diseases in humans. The results from our study indicate that game animals represent a reservoir for and a potential source of human pathogenic STEC and EHEC strains.

scholarly journals Low-Density Macroarray Targeting Non-Locus of Enterocyte Effacement Effectors (nle Genes) and Major Virulence Factors of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC): a New Approach for Molecular Risk Assessment of STEC Isolates

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Bugarel ◽  
Lothar Beutin ◽  
Patrick Fach
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Enterocyte Effacement ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT Rapid and specific detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains with a high level of virulence for humans has become a priority for public health authorities. This study reports on the development of a low-density macroarray for simultaneously testing the genes stx 1, stx 2, eae, and ehxA and six different nle genes issued from genomic islands OI-122 (ent, nleB, and nleE) and OI-71 (nleF, nleH1-2, and nleA). Various strains of E. coli isolated from the environment, food, animals, and healthy children have been compared with clinical isolates of various seropathotypes. The eae gene was detected in all enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains as well as in enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strains, except in EHEC O91:H21 and EHEC O113:H21. The gene ehxA was more prevalent in EHEC (90%) than in STEC (42.66%) strains, in which it was unequally distributed. The nle genes were detected only in some EPEC and EHEC strains but with various distributions, showing that nle genes are strain and/or serotype specific, probably reflecting adaptation of the strains to different hosts or environmental niches. One characteristic nle gene distribution in EHEC O157:[H7], O111:[H8], O26:[H11], O103:H25, O118:[H16], O121:[H19], O5:H−, O55:H7, O123:H11, O172:H25, and O165:H25 was ent/espL2, nleB, nleE, nleF, nleH1-2, nleA. (Brackets indicate genotyping of the flic or rfb genes.) A second nle pattern (ent/espL2, nleB, nleE, nleH1-2) was characteristic of EHEC O103:H2, O145:[H28], O45:H2, and O15:H2. The presence of eae, ent/espL2, nleB, nleE, and nleH1-2 genes is a clear signature of STEC strains with high virulence for humans.

Validation of a Sequential Hide-On Bob Veal Carcass Antimicrobial Intervention Composed of a Hot Water Wash and Lactic Acid Spray in Combination with Scalding To Control Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Surrogates†

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 762-768
Author(s):  
JOSHUA D. HASTY ◽  
JOHN A. HENSON ◽  
GARY R. ACUFF ◽  
DENNIS E. BURSON ◽  
JOHN B. LUCHANSKY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Interventions ◽  
Antimicrobial Intervention ◽  
Additional Reduction

ABSTRACT Scalding of hide-on bob veal carcasses with or without standard scalding chemical agents typically used for hogs, followed by an 82.2°C hot water wash and lactic acid spray (applied at ambient temperature) before chilling, was evaluated to determine its effectiveness in reducing Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli surrogate populations. A five-strain cocktail of rifampin-resistant, nonpathogenic E. coli surrogates was used to inoculate hides of veal carcasses immediately after exsanguination (target inoculation level of 7.0 log CFU/100 cm2). For carcasses receiving no scalding treatments, spraying with 82.2°C water as a final wash resulted in a 4.5-log CFU/100 cm2 surrogate reduction, and an additional 1.2-log CFU/100 cm2 reduction was achieved by spraying with 4.5% lactic acid before chilling. Scalding hide-on carcasses in 60°C water (no chemicals added) for 4 min in a traditional hog scalding tank resulted in a 2.1-log CFU/100 cm2 reduction in surrogate levels, and a subsequent preevisceration 82.2°C water wash provided an additional 2.9-log CFU/100 cm2 reduction. Spraying a 4.5% solution of lactic acid onto scalded, hide-on carcasses (after the 82.2°C water wash) resulted in a minimal additional reduction of 0.4 log CFU/100 cm2. Incorporation of scalding chemicals into the scald water resulted in a 4.1-log CFU/100 cm2 reduction (1.9 log CFU/100 cm2 greater than scalding without chemicals) in the surrogate population, and the first 82.2°C wash provided an additional 2.5-log CFU/100 cm2 reduction. Application of antimicrobial interventions did not affect the carcass temperature decline during chilling, the pH decline, or the color characteristics of the ribeye or the flank of the bob veal carcasses.

scholarly journals Emergence of a Multidrug-Resistant Shiga Toxin-Producing Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Lineage in Diseased Swine in Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1074-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kusumoto ◽  
Yuna Hikoda ◽  
Yuki Fujii ◽  
Misato Murata ◽  
Hirotsugu Miyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Boydii ◽  
High Level

EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) and Shiga toxin-producingE. coli(STEC) are important causes of diarrhea and edema disease in swine. The majority of swine-pathogenicE. colistrains belong to a limited range of O serogroups, including O8, O138, O139, O141, O147, O149, and O157, which are the most frequently reported strains worldwide. However, the circumstances of ETEC and STEC infections in Japan remain unknown; there have been few reports on the prevalence or characterization of swine-pathogenicE. coli. In the present study, we determined the O serogroups of 967E. coliisolates collected between 1991 and 2014 from diseased swine in Japan, and we found that O139, O149, O116, and OSB9 (O serogroup ofShigella boydiitype 9) were the predominant serogroups. We further analyzed these four O serogroups using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing, and virulence factor profiling. Most of the O139 and O149 strains formed serogroup-specific PFGE clusters (clusters I and II, respectively), whereas the O116 and OSB9 strains were grouped together in the same cluster (cluster III). All of the cluster III strains belonged to a single sequence type (ST88) and carried genes encoding both enterotoxin and Shiga toxin. This PFGE cluster III/ST88 lineage exhibited a high level of multidrug resistance (to a median of 10 antimicrobials). Notably, these bacteria were resistant to fluoroquinolones. Thus, this lineage should be considered a significant risk to animal production due to the toxigenicity and antimicrobial resistance of these bacteria.

scholarly journals An Environmental Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O145 Clonal Population Exhibits High-Level Phenotypic Variation That Includes Virulence Traits

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1090-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Qiu Carter ◽  
Beatriz Quinones ◽  
Xiaohua He ◽  
Wayne Zhong ◽  
Jacqueline W. Louie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Production Region ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Traits ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTShiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) serotype O145 is one of the major non-O157 serotypes associated with severe human disease. Here we examined the genetic diversity, population structure, virulence potential, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of environmental O145 strains recovered from a major produce production region in California. Multilocus sequence typing analyses revealed that sequence type 78 (ST-78), a common ST in clinical strains, was the predominant genotype among the environmental strains. Similarly, all California environmental strains belonged to H28, a common H serotype in clinical strains. Although most environmental strains carried an intactfliCgene, only one strain retained swimming motility. Diversestxsubtypes were identified, includingstx1a,stx2a,stx2c, andstx2e. Although no correlation was detected between thestxgenotype and Stx1 production, high Stx2 production was detected mainly in strains carryingstx2aonly and was correlated positively with the cytotoxicity of Shiga toxin. All environmental strains were capable of producing enterohemolysin, whereas only 10 strains were positive for anaerobic hemolytic activity. Multidrug resistance appeared to be common, as nearly half of the tested O145 strains displayed resistance to at least two different classes of antibiotics. The core virulence determinants of enterohemorrhagicE. coliwere conserved in the environmental STEC O145 strains; however, there was large variation in the expression of virulence traits among the strains that were highly related genotypically, implying a trend of clonal divergence. Several cattle isolates exhibited key virulence traits comparable to those of the STEC O145 outbreak strains, emphasizing the emergence of hypervirulent strains in agricultural environments.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from chicken meat in west of Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
omid zarei ◽  
Leili Shokoohizadeh ◽  
Hadi Hossainpour ◽  
Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
High Level

Abstract Objective: Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) has known as a crucial zoonotic food borne pathogen. A total of 257 row chicken meat samples were collected from different markets in Hamadan city from January 2016 to May 2017. Samples were cultured on selective and differential culture media, and the virulence genes of E. coli isolates were analyzed by PCR assay. The antibiotic resistance patterns of E. coli isolates were determined by disk diffusion method. The genetic relatedness of STEC isolates were analyzed by ERIC-PCR. Results: Totally, 93(36%) of isolates were identified as E. coli in this current study. According serological and microbiological tests, 5(5.3%), 31(33.3%) and 7(7.5%) of E. coli isolates, characterized as Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), STEC and attaching and effacing E. coli (AEEC) strains, respectively. High level resistance to tetracycline (89.8), ampicillin (82.8%) and sulfametoxazole-trimotoprime (71%) were detected among E. coli isolates. Analysis of ERIC-PCR results showed five different ERIC types among EHEC isolates. Based on our findings, chicken meat identified as a sources of STEC strains, therefore, the controlling and checkup the chicken meats for the resistance and virulent strains of E. coli should be consider as a crucial issues in public health.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Commercial Prototype Bacteriophage Intervention Designed for Reducing O157 and Non-O157 Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) on Beef Cattle Hide

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamra Tolen ◽  
Yicheng Xie ◽  
Thomas Hairgrove ◽  
Jason Gill ◽  
T. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Multiplicity Of Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intervention Treatment ◽  
Beef Products ◽  
Host Lysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Interventions ◽  
Antimicrobial Intervention

Microbiological safety of beef products can be protected by application of antimicrobial interventions throughout the beef chain. This study evaluated a commercial prototype antimicrobial intervention comprised of lytic bacteriophages formulated to reduce O157 and non-O157 Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) on beef cattle hide pieces, simulating commercial pre-harvest hide decontamination. STEC reduction in vitro by individual and cocktailed phages was determined by efficiency of plating (EOP). Following STEC inoculation onto hide pieces, the phage intervention was applied and hide pieces were analyzed to quantify reductions in STEC counts. Phage intervention treatment resulted in 0.4 to 0.7 log10 CFU/cm2 (p < 0.01) E. coli O157, O121, and O103 reduction. Conversely, E. coli O111 and O45 did not show any significant reduction after application of bacteriophage intervention (p > 0.05). Multiplicity of infection (MOI) evaluation indicated E. coli O157 and O121 isolates required the fewest numbers of phages per host cell to produce host lysis. STEC-attacking phages may be applied to assist in preventing STEC transmission to beef products.

scholarly journals Molecular Profiling of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Enteropathogenic E. coli Strains Isolated from French Coastal Environments

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (13) ◽  
pp. 3913-3927 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Balière ◽  
A. Rincé ◽  
S. Delannoy ◽  
P. Fach ◽  
M. Gourmelon
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Pathogenicity Islands ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gene Profiles ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTShiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) and enteropathogenicE. coli(EPEC) strains may be responsible for food-borne infections in humans. Twenty-eight STEC and 75 EPEC strains previously isolated from French shellfish-harvesting areas and their watersheds and belonging to 68 distinguishable serotypes were characterized in this study. High-throughput real-time PCR was used to search for the presence of 75E. colivirulence-associated gene targets, and genes encoding Shiga toxin (stx) and intimin (eae) were subtyped using PCR tests and DNA sequencing, respectively. The results showed a high level of diversity between strains, with 17 unique virulence gene profiles for STEC and 56 for EPEC. Seven STEC and 15 EPEC strains were found to display a large number or a particular combination of genetic markers of virulence and the presence ofstxand/oreaevariants, suggesting their potential pathogenicity for humans. Among these, an O26:H11stx1aeae-β1 strain was associated with a large number of virulence-associated genes (n= 47), including genes carried on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) or other pathogenicity islands, such as OI-122, OI-71, OI-43/48, OI-50, OI-57, and the high-pathogenicity island (HPI). One O91:H21 STEC strain containing 4stxvariants (stx1a,stx2a,stx2c, andstx2d) was found to possess genes associated with pathogenicity islands OI-122, OI-43/48, and OI-15. Among EPEC strains harboring a large number of virulence genes (n, 34 to 50), eight belonged to serotype O26:H11, O103:H2, O103:H25, O145:H28, O157:H7, or O153:H2.IMPORTANCEThe speciesE. coliincludes a wide variety of strains, some of which may be responsible for severe infections. This study, a molecular risk assessment study ofE. colistrains isolated from the coastal environment, was conducted to evaluate the potential risk for shellfish consumers. This report describes the characterization of virulence gene profiles andstx/eaepolymorphisms ofE. coliisolates and clearly highlights the finding that the majority of strains isolated from coastal environment are potentially weakly pathogenic, while some are likely to be more pathogenic.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Raw Chicken Meat Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Omid Zarei ◽  
Leili Shokoohizadeh ◽  
Hadi Hossainpour ◽  
Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
High Level

Background. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is known as a crucial zoonotic food-borne pathogen. A total of 257 raw chicken meat samples were collected from different markets in Hamadan, west of Iran, from January 2016 to May 2017. Materials and Methods. The samples were cultured in selective and differential culture media, and the virulence genes of E. coli isolates were analyzed by PCR assay. The antibiotic resistance patterns of E. coli isolates were determined by the disk diffusion method. The genetic relatedness of the E. coli O157 isolates was analyzed by ERIC-PCR. Results. In total, 93 (36% ± 3.12) of the isolates were identified as E. coli in this study. Based on serological and microbiological tests, 36 (38.7% ± 9.9), 7 (7.5% ± 5.35), and 12 (12.9% ± 6.81) of the E. coli isolates were characterized as STEC, enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and attaching and effacing E. coli (AEEC) strains, respectively. A high level of resistance to nalidixic acid (91.4% ± 5.7), tetracycline (89.2% ± 6.31), ampicillin (82.8% ± 7.67), and trimotoprime-sulfametoxazole (71% ± 9.22) was detected among the E. coli isolates. The analysis of the ERIC-PCR results showed five different ERIC types among the E. coli O157 isolates. Conclusions. Based on our findings, control and check-up of poultry meats should be considered as a crucial issue for public health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document